مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
سال پنجاه و هشتم شماره 8 (پیاپی 141، آبان 1394)

Disc battery ingestion as a consequence of performing the novel technology in toys, can produce significant danger in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical manifestations, therapeutic protocols, and complications of disc battery ingestion in children. In a case series study during march 2007 to march 2012, all children who referred to Children’s medical center hospital in Tehran because of disc battery ingestion were evaluated using plain radiography and upper endoscopy. A one year follow up was performed to assess complications. A total of 89 children (56 male) with mean age of2.50±2.93 years were enroled. 67.4 % were asymptomatic at the time of admision. Vomiting (25.8%) was the most common complaint at presentation. Esophagoscopy was performed in 22 cases who the disc battery was impacted in the esophagus. But successful removal ensued in 81.8 percent, and 4 cases needed surgical intervention. The disc battery was removed in 12 cases (19%) from the stomach and it was passed through the gastrointestinal tract in the others. The most common complication was delayed esophageal stricture in 14.6%. Although usually the disc battery ingestion is not a cause of significant complication, due to its potential dangers, emergent endoscopic intervention is mandatory in cases with impaction of the disc battery in the esophagus.

helicobacter pylori infection is a common infection worldwide. One of the side effects that are suggested for this infection is Diabetes and insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study is evaluation of HP eradication on insulin resistance is NAFLD. 51 patients with NAFLD and HP infection and dyspepsia were selected for this study. Patients were divided into two groups (control group and intervention group). Control group received only the life style changes and intervention group, on the other hand, received HP eradication therapy in addition to the life style changes. FBS, Chol, TG, LDL, HDL, insulin, BMI, HOMA-IR were checked before and after HP eradication in both groups. In both groups, no significance difference were observed between the parameters which were evaluated. it seems that HP eradication per se might not effect on FBS, lipid profile and insulin resistance. Although further studies are needed on this subject.

pesplanus is considered that makes muscle activation changes. Being aware of muscles activity changes in various standing positions among pesplanus patients, provide insight to prevent lower extremity injuries in this population. This study is undertaken to compare the electromyography of the leg muscles in various standing positions between young healthy and pesplanus men male individuals. 40 healthy male university students, 20 normal and 20 subjects with pesplanus deformity participated in this semi-experimental study. Deformity of pesplanus was assessed with navicular drop test. Each subject stood in five different positions and muscles activity was recorded with emg device. For data analysis, Matlab and Spss software applied and Mixed variance analysis test(Mixed ANOVA) was used to compare the dependent variables at a significance level of P ≤ 0/05. Significant differences were observed between the two groups for muscles activity of the longus peroneus and anterior tibialis(at single leg with closed eye and upward head postions)(p≤0/05); while no significant differences was observed in other muscles. The changes in the normal structure of the foot might affect muscle activities during standing that can cause changes in the injury patterns. It is proposed focusing on corrective exercises and therapy plan can reduce these risks.

Medical students are highly exposed to Tuberculosis. Thus it is of great importance investigation of TB infection among such population. Manteux was done on 200 medical students, who passed the one month infectious disease course at Imam Reza hospital, at the beginning of extern session between 2010 and 2013 with their permission. Induration diameter was measured and studied after 72 hours. Then skin test status with age, sex, history of close contact to a person with tuberculosis and underlying diseases of the students analyzed by T- test and. 58% of examined population were females. 93.5% and 6.5% had negative and positive skin test results, respectively. Meaningful difference of average age was not reported between the two positive and negative groups (p=0.78). Meaningful difference of gender was not reported in PPD skin test results between the two groups (p=0.057). None of the participants had history of close contact to a person with tuberculosis. Only one person had history of kidney transplantation with negative test result. This study showed that manteux test results of the students were positive in 6.5%, which had no meaningful correlation with the gender, close contact with person with tuberculosis, and underlying disease. Since 93.5% of the students had negative manteux test results and they will have more exposure to tuberculosis through the next of the medical course, this indicates the importance of conducting the manteux test periodically in this group to receive prophylactic care in seroconvert cases.

Fear of falling (FOF) is a major health problem among the elderly. One of the major consequences of fear of falling is activity restriction. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of fear of falling among a population of older adults and its correlation with physical activity. This was a cross-sectional study in which 204 elderly people were questioned in Birjand City, Iran. Data collection was performed by structural questionnaires. FOF was measured using the FES-I questionnaire, and physical activity was measured using the CHAMPS questionnaire. To analyze the data we used SPSS20 software, and statistical tests such as T test, and one way ANOVA and PearsonCorrelationCoefficient were applied. Mean age was 65.78±6.78 years. 33.8% of elderly had history of fall, 58.2% had Low-intensity physical activity, 34.5% had moderate-intensity physical activity and only 7.3% had high-intensity physical activity. There was significant relationship between FOF with physical activity (r = - 0.332, P<0.001). FOF can lead to restriction and decrease physical activity. So psychology and counseling interventions should be considered in elderly with history fall.

Tuberculosis is a contagious disease and one of the most deadly infectious diseases in the world. About a third of the world's people are infected with the tuberculosis. During 5 years of tuberculosis infection, 10% of cases involved disease. Tuberculosis can affect virtually every organ, most importantly the lungs. Tuberculosis treatment needs a long-period use of antibiotics with numerous side effects. The purpose of this study is survey of Seasonality primary TB infection in children under 4 years In Mashhad health centers from 2004-2008. It is a descriptive analysis cross-sectional study among 33 children fewer than 4 years with primary tuberculosis attending to health centers of Khorasan Razavi from 2003 to 2008. Tuberculosis diagnoses newly were confirmed with sputum smear, culture and biopsy. In 33 cases primary tuberculosis between ages 0-4 years, the average age were 2/8 ± 1/3 years. 48.5% were female. The most common incidence of tuberculosis was in winter (%36/4) and fall (30/3). There is not a significant relationship between of Seasonality and age, sex, nationality, tuberculosis vaccination, tuberculosis contact history. The distribution of tuberculosis in the fall and winter season with the theory that the presence of TB infection with an increased in overcrowding, poor ventilation and the increased prevalence of cough caused by other respiratory infections in cold weather related, is justified.

this study was aimed at investigating of the neuropsychological performance (memory and concentration) in patients with diabetes type 2. Diabetes Disease has an influence on the Cognitive performance of these patients. The investigation of this affect and the methods of prevention can be valueable to improve the health of elderly people of society. This study was in a series of Discriptive-Analytic and in the group of causal-Comparitive (Ex post Facto) reasearchs. The Statistical society involved all of the patients with Diabtes type 2 that going to center of researchs of glands and metabolism Sedighe Tahere and and all of the personals of the laboratories in Isfahan province in summer 1392. In the form of simple randomly sampling vicinity, a group involved patients with Diabetes type 2 (n=30) had been selected and became similar with the healthy cases(n=31) with regard to age, sex and education. Have been used The Wechsler memory scale and Stroop test. T-TEST and Pierson Corrolation by the help of software spss-19 were used to analyze the data. findings shows that the patients of Diabetes type 2 are different in terms of attention and Concentration (the spent time in Stroop test and executed more omission errors) with healthy cases, also these two groups have significant difference in logical Memory. Other findings shown that there is not any singnificant difference between Blood Sugar and Memory. It can be said that physical diseases can affect the development of disorder in neuropsychological performances of the patients. Diabetes disease can disturb memory and concentration system in the patients. They lose their cogniyive ability on longtime.

Acute appendicitis is one of the main cause of acute abdomen referral to emergency departments worldwide. And despite recent investigations in diagnostic methods, appendicitis accurate diagnosis is still one of the controversial issues in surgery. It is estimated that incidence of negative appendectomy in men and women varies from 8% to 45%. In this study we compared the accuracy of ultrasound and Computer tomography scan (CT scan) in patients suspected to acute appendicitis. In this cross-sectional study, patients were enrolled the study who were referred to emergency department of Imam Reza hospital with clinical suspicion ofacute appendicitis. Radiologic result of patients underwent surgery for acute appendicitis was compared with pathology reports. Data were analyzed by chi-square and T-student tests in SPSS16. Overall 46 males and 35 females (mean age: 24.6± 8.9 years) were studied. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of abdominal ultrasound for acute appendicitis were 73/9%, 62/5%, 94/4%, and 78/2%, respectively. These values for CT scan were 88/8%, 80/9%, 94/1% and 66/6%, respectively. our results showed that CT scan is more accurate than sonography for diagnosis of acute appendicitis, particularly in female patients and patient with nonspecific symptoms.

In recent years, the universal epidemic of obesity, cause more interest in performing further researches about the biology of white adipose tissue. Adipocytes and macrophages within the adipose tissue secreted protein mediators are named as adipokines. Some adipokines such as leptin, resistin, lipokalin and interlukine-18 play an important pro-inflammatory role while adiponectin has mainly anti-inflammatory properties. Resistin as the novel adipocyte–derived peptid induced a significant insulin resistance in the liver tissue as well as contribute in physiologic besides inflammatory and autoimmune process. Serum concentration of this marker is correlated with some inflammatory processes such as Crohn disease and collagen vascular disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The roles of adipokines in modifing inflammatory processes raise an important question to answer whether inhibition of abnormal adipocytokines production in autoimmune diseases could be a potential biologic target for treatment of this disorder. This review article debates the role of adipokines, specially resistin in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.