فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 51 (پاییز 1393)

The birth of a step family as a consequence of divorce or death of one of the parents causes a huge difference in a child’s life which can change his entire psychological world. Drawing as one of the ways of psychological projections can display a variety of conflicts in children psyche..This study has attempted to examine and comparison of psychological projections between children from step families and non-step families based on the family drawing test. In this study, devaluation as a content indicator in drawing projections was approached. The participants included 40 children from stepfamilies, 20 female and 20 male (parental divorce, the death of a parent, remarriage). Having a descriptive qualitative framework, these participants were selected based on a causal comparative method. The control group included 40 children from non-step families, 20 female and 20 male selected randomly. To analyze projections and devaluation in the drawings. Draw A Family (DAF) test was employed The finding indicated that in all the hypotheses children from non-step families performed significantly different. Therefore, it can be generally concluded that the children from non-step families significantly displayed more devaluation of themselves and the family members in their drawings.

Emotion regulation strategies are considered as determinant variables on both normal and psychopathological processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties on the relationship between social anxiety symptoms and anger. A total of 171 participants (71 men, 100 women) from the city of Tehran participated in this study as volunteers. All participants were asked to complete the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI). Social anxiety symptoms showed significant positive correlations with emotion regulation difficulties as well as anger. The results of path analysis revealed that the association of social anxiety symptoms with anger arousal, hostile outlook, and anger-in was mediated by difficulties in emotion regulation. Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that the relationship between social anxiety symptoms and anger is not a simple linear one, but the other variables such as emotion regulation strategies play a mediating role in this relationship. These findings also imply the importance of emotion regulation strategies and anger in the process of psychotherapy for patients with social anxiety disorder.

The present study investigates the relationship between openness to experience and its subscales as a factor of personality with the two kinds of fluid and crystallized intelligence in students. The purpose of this study is to determine amount of the relationship between personality and two dimensions of fluid and crystallized intelligence. To do this, by using research method of correlation, 115 female students at university of Tehran were randomly selected and administered the openness to experience subscale of Costa & McCrae personality inventory (NEOPI-R) and Jackson multidimensional aptitude battery (MAB). Using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression of stepwise results showed both fluid and crystallized intelligence positively and significantly correlated with the openness to experience of total and fantasy. Also, significant positive relationship between fluid intelligence, and actions and ideas were observed. Furthermore, crystallized intelligence was significantly and positively correlated with feelings and ideas. Moreover, the openness to experience of total anticipated fluid intelligence variances and only fantasy and ideas of the openness to experience dimensions anticipated crystallized intelligence. The results indicated that personality trait of the openness to experience play an important role in the development of fluid and crystallized intelligence.

According to statistics, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Iran. Although many of the disease prevention activities are related to reduction in case of developing the symptoms of these diseases, treatment must be undergone. According to previous studies, age and gender are factors that have a significant impact on recovery and recurrence of the disease. There are little Studies in this area in Iran and therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between age and gender with psycho logical well-being and quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease after surgery. The number of 139 patients that underwent cardiac surgery were selected with conveniently sampling and then were studied. The participants were asked to respond or complete depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) and SF-36 scale. Results showed that age and gender didn’t significantly affect patients with cardiovascular disease, psycho logical well-being and quality of life. According to these results, it can be concluded that heart disease can have the same effect on all patients in different ages and also, the impact of the heart disease in men and women is almost equal.

The chronic pain is a common physical illnesses. Cognitive Behavior Therapy is considered to be a useful treatment for it. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on mindfulness, resiliency and quality of life in patients with chronic pain in Tehran. Using convenience sampling, 2 patients with chronic pain were selected as the sample. All patients were assessed 5 times by Bauer and colleagues mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ), Connor and Davidson resiliency scale and quality of life questionnaire (QOL). This study was a basic, multiline, and single subject research. The collected data were analysed using repeated measures analysis. The improvement percentage formula was used for judging improvement rate. The patients with chronic pain obtained high improvement percents in 30 days post-treatment and folow-up phases; they proved their effectiveness in all variables. Cognitive behavior Therapy led to a sinificant increase in the level of all three variables, in patients with chronic pain. Therfore clinicians should pay attention to it more than before.

The research results of recent decades of health psychology show that psychological state affects biological mechanisms. The aim of present study was to assess the effects of positive and negative emotional experiences induction in adolescent’s cardiovascular reactions with regard to the moderating role of state/ trait anxiety dimensions. From a large population of adolescents based on the extreme scores of state- trait anxiety distribution and inclusion criteria four groups (high stat anxiety, low stat anxiety, high trait anxiety and low trait anxiety) were selected and their cardiac indices including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were obtained in baseline (relaxed) state and following positive and negative emotional experiences induction. Data was analyzed using mixed analysis of variance. The result showed that in baseline, the systolic blood pressure of individuals with high trait anxiety characteristics is higher than individuals with low trait anxiety characteristics and the diastolic blood pressure of individuals with high trait anxiety characteristics is higher than individuals with low stat anxiety characteristics. The induction of positive emotional experiences led to significant reduction in systolic blood pressure of individuals with low trait and stat anxiety characteristics in comparison with individuals with high trait anxiety characteristics. The induction of negative emotional experiences led to significant increase in systolic blood pressure of individuals with high trait anxiety characteristics in comparison with individuals with low trait and state anxiety characteristics and diastolic blood pressure of individuals with high state anxiety characteristics in comparison with individuals with low state anxiety characteristics. The findings support the model of psychosomatic disorders and the role of anxiety, mood states and emotional experiences in cardiovascular reactions.

The relationship between personality types and the dimensions of friendship is amongst the most important issued sought after by researchers such as Arnold’s 1995 work in which he found a significant relationship between the two. The problem is could the five elements of personality and the eight clinical disorders be in anyway relevant to the dimensions of friendship. Therefore, the aim of this present paper was to study the relationship between dimensions of friendship and personality types among Tehran university students. Correlational research method was conducted and 450 students (200 mails, 250 females) at Tehran University were selected using cluster random sampling. The subjects completed Hendricks friendship dimensions questionnaire and two personality test of NEO and MMPI. The data were analyzed by statistical indicators such as mean, standard deviation, Pearson and spearman correlation coefficient, t test and ANOVA. The results showed there is a significant relationship (0/320, 0/001) between friendship and personality. Also, the research found a significant relationship between some dimensions of friendship with traits and specific personality disorders.

Developmental self-regulation has an essential role on the process of learning in students. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of problem solving skills training on self regulated learning strategies (planning, manitoring & control, and reflection) in distance education students. Statistical population of this research consisted all of distance education students of payamenour university (80 students). The sample was 30 students that were selected randomly out of 80 people. These students were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Participants were asked to complete the self regulation in learning questionaire. experimental group participated in 5 sessions (1 session a week). Each session lasted for 90 minutes. Unisef problem solving skills training was employed on experimental group as independent variable.
Covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between mean scores of experimental and control groups (p

During course of life, humans will have to face a great deal of stress and adverse conditions which may threaten their health. However, these problems can be resisted against. In physics, the concept of resilience, which is derived from resilience, is a measure of flexibility in psychology; however, the concept is used in disciplinary a person’s ability to deal with problems in life and overcoming them. The main objective of this study was to investigate the phenomenon of resilience in people using library research and gathering comments from psychologists who had past experience of working with such people. The results show that vulnerable people are in need of specific skills and targeted support in order to counter the negative impacts of social life in hope of achieving healthy physical and psychological growth. Therefore, educating children with such abilities should be considered as an essential aspect and aim of the education system.