مجله پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز
سال چهلم شماره 4 (پیاپی 136، مهر و آبان 1397)

Background The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of six months aerobic exercise with moderate intensity on IL1ß, TNF-a, and brain volume in 50-65 years old women with syndrome metabolic.
Methods 24 women with metabolic syndrome (MetS) took part voluntarily and divided in tow group MetS exercise (ME), MetS control (MC). ME group participated in an aerobic exercise training (AT) program (six month), tree session per week, each session contain tree performing part and tow rest part. Also blood samples were conducted before and after six months training for evaluate levels of IL1ß, TNF-a. Brain volume measured by MRI.
Results IL1ß, and TNF-a after six month aerobic exercise significantly decreased (P?0.05). Brain volume after six month didn?t significantly changed (P?0.05).
Conclusion With modulating the time and the intensity of exercise can affect the Brain volume.

Background Enterococci are part of the normal flora of both the human and animal gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to compare vancomycin resistance and vanA gene in clinical and stool isolates in children specimens.
Methods One hundred enterococcal isolates were identified by laboratory tests and then they were examined for their antibiotic resistance. Resistant isolates were also studied by PCR for vanA gene.
Results Of 50 stool isolates, 48 were Enterococcus faecium and 2 isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis. In our 50 clinical isolates, 23 were belonged to Enterococcus faecium while 27 isolates were Enterococcus faecalis. The stool isolates showed higher resistance to vancomycin than those from clinical isolates. In our stool isolates the rate of vancomycin resistance was 52%, while the vancomycin resistance rate in the clinical isolates was 32%. According to PCR results, in the 26 vancomycin resistant isolates from stool specimens, vanA gene was found in 1 isolate, though in our 16 vancomycin resistant isolates from clinical specimens, vanA gene was found in 10 isolates.
Conclusion Vancomycin resistant enterococci are of public health concern, especially in hospitals. Our results showed that stool isolates had higher resistance to antibiotics than those from clinical isolates. In the stool isolates the rate of vancomycin resistance was 52%, while the vancomycin resistance rate in our clinical isolates was 32%, but vanA gene was more prevalent among clinical isolates than stool isolates.

Background Entrance of antibiotics into the sewage and water sources could eventually lead to the development of resistance among bacteria and challenges the treatment of bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from hospital wastewater.
Methods In a cross sectional study, in addition to count the number of coliforms, gram-negative bacilli, staphylococci and heterotrophic bacteria in sewage discharged from three hospital of Tabriz university of medical sciences, genus of bacteria were determined using selective culture media, standard biochemical tests and by API E20 detection kits. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.
Results The results showed significant differences in the number and diversity of bacteria in wastewater discharged from the studied hospitals. Klebsiella spp., staphylococci spp. and enterobacter spp. are the most frequent genera. The antibiotic resistance in the isolated genera were between 0 to 67%. The mean of resistance to the antibiotics was between 40 to 57% and the highest resistance was obtained for penicillin members. Except for enterobacter spp. the difference in resistance in the other isolates were significant between hospitals.
Conclusion Hospital wastewater is a major source of antibiotic resistant bacteria entrance to the environment and the occurrence of isolates and the resistance pattern will vary according to the hospital type and wastewater characteristics.

Background Cystic Fibrosis is an authosomal resessive disease with the involment of multi-system. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic mutations in the cystic fibrosis disease in North West of Iran.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with cystic fibrosis from 2001 to 2015 in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences based on Registry Center of Cystic Fibrosis. Studied variables were the history of consanguineous marriage of parents and genetic mutations.
Results Of 263 cases, 162 cases (61.6%) had positve consanguineous marriage and 101 (38.4%) cases had negative consanguineous marriage. A total of 438 mutant alleles and 32 kinds of mutation were found that more types were disease-causing mutations. The highest frequency related to ? F508 38 (31/5 %).
Conclusion It is necessary to design educationalprograms for prevention of consanguineous marriages, regarding to the high rate of consanguineous marriage in this region and the impact on the genetic diseases. Planning for the diagnosis and screening cystic fibrosis can be also useful.

Background Due to the growing number of elderly population, evaluation of the mental health problems of this group of people is important and identification of factors affecting coping self-efficiency is helpful in this age group. The study was aimed to assess the effective factors on ?coping self-efficiency? of the elderly living in nursing homes.
Methods A total of 110 elderly aged >60 year is selected randomly with multi stage method from East Azerbaijan nursing homes. Data collecting process was done using World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREEF), Coping Self Efficiency Scale (CSES), Nurenburg?s Social Support Scale Questionnaire (NSSQ) and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Analysis of variance, Spearman and Pierson correlation coefficients and regression analysis was implemented for data analysis.
Results The age and educational attainment of the elderly were associated with the quality of life variables, social support and coping self-efficiency. Females achieve higher scores in mindfulness and coping self-efficiency (problem solving and stopping unpleasant emotions) in comparison with males (PConclusion Based on the results of the present primitive study, the quality of life and mindfulness were the predictors of the coping self- efficiency in the elderly.

Background Understanding of shoulder muscles function in various dynamic tasks is effective to understand the underlying mechanism of the shoulder injuries in sport activities. The aim of this study was to identify the electrical activity of deltoid and supraspinatus muscles during the fast and slow shoulder abduction with and without an external load in healthy adolescent subjects.
Methods In 16 females (20-28 years old), using a surface EMG system (MA-300), the activity of deltoid (anterior, medial, and posterior portions), and supraspinatus muscles within 90º of shoulder abduction in slow (22.5 º /s) and fast (45 º /s) movements that were repeated with and without a dumbbell (equal to 5% of body mass) were registration. Repeated Measure ANOVA was used with SPSS-22 for statistics analysis having p=0.05.
Results In slow without load abduction, the intensity of the activity of anterior, medial, and posterior deltoid and supraspinatus Muscles were %18.22±1.92, %50.55±1.97, %50.60±17.50 and %39.49±3.78, microvolt respectively. In with and without load conditions, the posterior and middle deltoid muscles displayed significantly greater activity than the other muscles. Load factor significantly increased the muscle activity by1.19 times (P=0.0001). However, loading effect was greater in posterior deltoid than in other muscles. Speed factor displayed similar effect in all muscles.
Conclusion The cause of the higher activity of posterior deltoid than anterior deltoid could be specified by the mechanism of external rotation of the humerus during shoulder abduction. The strengthening of posterior deltoid should be noteworthy in rehabilitation shoulder exercises.

Background The aim of this study was to determine the Effects of aerobic training on Apelinergic system of heart tissue in aged rats.
Methods In this study 14 elderly wistar rats with average age of 40-50 months old, were randomly divided into two groups: control and training. Swimming training was programmed 3 days /week, 30 min/day for 8 weeks. All rats were sacrificed 48 hours after the final training session and after 24 hours of fasting myocardial tissue, apelin and its receptor levels were determined using ELISA method.
Results No significant difference was found between control and experimental group apelin heart muscle tissue there (p=0.01). Also, the apelin receptor test for heart tissue between the two groups was significant (p=0.02). Pearson correlation analysis between apelin and its receptor in the control group was statistically significant inverse linear (p=0.01), But the test for the exercise group showed no significant relationship (p= 0.44).
Conclusion It is possible that aerobic training in older people with varying levels of apelin and its receptors in heart muscle tissue, improves the cardiovascular system of the people.

Background The frequency of parasitic is used as an effective health indicator in the community. Identification and diagnosis of these infections can be a step towards increasing community health and reducing the cost of treatment. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in personnel employed at the restaurants of Tabriz city.
Methods This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on personnel in the restaurants Tabriz city. Suspected specimens were examined by microscopic observations following concentration and staining methods.
Results Out of 87 studied cases a total number of people with parasitic infections were estimated to be 16 (18.4%). The most contamination in the protozoa was related to Endolimax Nana (34.16%) and the Hymenolipis Nana (3.84%) and the Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (3.84%) were detected. The distribution of contaminants in men was significantly higher than women (P Conclusion The results show that despite increasing the level of public health, parasitic infection is still as one of the most important public health problems in the community. Therefore, health education, the use of controlling methods, prevention, treating and following up the contaminated personnel in restaurants, especially parasitic contamination, should be considered important.

Background One of the most well-known oncogenes in breast cancer is HER2 (ERBB2 or EGFR2). Natural polyphenols are one of the most effective components for inhibiting cancers due to their high efficiency and fewer side effects. Investigators have shown that green tea and its main catechin epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG) may decrease the risk of cancer. In the current study, we investigated the effect of EGCG on HER-2 gene expression of the human breast adenocarcinoma cells line SK-BR-3.
Methods SKBR-3 human breast cancer cells were pretreated with different concentrations of EGCG (200 and 400 µg/mL) for 48 and 72 h. mRNA expression of HER-2 was detected by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis in the pretreated SKBR-3 cells.
Results EGCG treatment in 48 and 72 h caused a dose-dependent decrease in mRNA expression of HER-2 significantly in group I and group II vs. control group (PConclusion Epigallocatechin-3 gallate has cytotoxic effect on SKBR3 cells. Our findings suggest that EGCG may be useful in treatment of breast cancer.

Background TCF7L2 gene encodes a transcription factor that plays an important role in the Wnt signaling pathway. In this pathway TCF7L2 protein induces transcription of genes involved in glucose homeostasis, such as intestinal proglucagon. The aim of present study was to investigate the association of rs12255372, and rs290487 polymorphisms of TCF7L2 with T2DM in Arab ethnic of Khuzestan province in Iran.
Methods 100 patients with T2D and 97 normoglycemic subjects were included in this study. The PCR-RFLP and TETRA ARMS- PCR technique, subsequently validated by direct sequencing, was used for genotyping.
Results A significant difference in TT genotype was observed between two groups patient and control (OR=4.12, 95%CI=1.55-10.55, P=0.005). Also T allele frequencies of rs12255372 was different in the groups (0R=1.69, 95%CI=1.12-2.53, p=0.02). No allelic or genotypic association with T2D was detected for rs290487.
Conclusion Our finding suggest that TT genotypes rs12255372 confers an increased risk of developing T2D. The rs290487 is unlikely an influential variant with type 2 diabetes in this population.

Background Abnormal hip kinetics and impaired hip muscle performance have been associated with various musculoskeletal disorders, such as patellofemoral pain, iliotibial band syndrome, anterior cruciate ligament injuries, low back pain, and hip joint pathology. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of gluteal muscles specific strength training on kinetics (time and frequency domain) and pain in patients with chronic non specific low back pain.
Methods In the present study the before and after the implementation of gluteal muscles specific strength training, the pain, kinetics variables (time and frequency domain) in two (stable-without fatigue and instable- fatigued positions) and electrical activity of gluteus medius, maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles were done by using visual analogue scale, force plate and electromyography respectively and results analysed by analysis of covariance, independent and paired t test
Results 24 subjects with chronic nonspecific low back pain mean age 30.27±5.48 years old were selected and divided into two equal control and experimental groups The results showed that gluteal muscles specific strength training increases the activity of the gluteal muscles and decrease tensor activation, improve in the kinetics variables and pain decreases in patients with chronic non specific low back pain.
Conclusion After implementation of gluteal muscles specific strength training, significant differences was gained in kinetics variables (time and frequency domain) and pain that beside the findings of muscle activation discused in complementary results of this study, need to be mor investigated in future researchers.

Spastic dysarthria is a motor speech disorder. It can cause hypernasaliy in speech, inappropriate prosody in speech, misarticulation and variable speech rate which often make the speech unintelligible. In many studies, acoustic analysis has been recommended to determine the type and quality of dysarthria. Most researchers have been introduced acoustic features formant structure as the most important characteristic of physical and perceptual and first, second and third formants have mentioned as the acoustic properties for evaluation of tongue and lips movement restrictions. In this study, we also examined acoustic features of vowel formants in patient with spastic dysarthria and compared with homogeneous healthy person to determine tongue and lips movement characterizes in patient with spastic dysarthria. Results showed that mean of frequencies F1, F2, F3 in patient with spastic dysarthria in comparison with healthy person are significantly different (p= 0/000). Interpretations of results will be discussed in article.