مجله پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز
سال چهلم شماره 2 (پیاپی 134، خرداد و تیر 1397)

Metabolic syndromes, pro-inflammatory and aging are main important factors in BDNF's levels. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of eight-week aerobic exercise with moderate intensity and consumption of curcumin on IL-6, IL-10 and BDNF in 60-65 years old women with syndrome metabolic.
44 women with metabolic syndrome (MetS) voluntarily took part in the present study. Participants were randomly divided in 4 groups of MetS exercise Curcumin (MECU), MetS exercise (ME), MetS Curcumin (MCU), MetS control (MC). During the first week MECU group and ME participated in three sets of ten-minute aerobic exercise training (AT) with treadmill also they have 5 minute rest part between the sets. One minute was added to the duration of exercise sets weekly basis. Blood samples were conducted before and after eight -week. IL-6, IL-10 and BDNF were measured by ELISA method. To analyze the data, researcher made use of One-Way ANOVA, paired-sample t-test with the significance level of (P≤0.05).
IL-10, BDNF after eight -week interventions significantly increased (P≤0.05) also IL-6 levels significantly decreased (P≤0.05).
These findings indicate eight -week interventions induce to increase BDNF's levels so maybe this increasing relative to rising in IL-10 level and decreasing in IL-6 level.

Leptin acts as a warning mechanism in the regulation of cell metabolism, body fat and metabolic syndrome disease. This study aimed at investigating the effects of 12 weeks of high intensity interval training on the levels of plasma leptin, insulin, glucose, insulin resistance and body composition in overweight men.

In this clinical trial study, 20 students with a body mass index between 25 and 30 kg / m2 were purposefully selected; and they were randomly divided into two groups: one experimental group and one control group. The experimental group practiced with the intensity of 90 percent of maximum heart beat 3 sessions per week for twelve weeks. Before and after exercise, the leptin level of plasma, insulin, glucose, insulin resistance and body mass index were calculated. The data were analyzed by using T-test at a significance level of P>0.05.

12 weeks of high intensity interval training can reduce the leptin level of plasma (P=0.0002), insulin (P=0.003) glucose, Insulin Resistance (P=0.0001) and (P=0.013) in the experimental group compared to control group. Moreover, body weight (P=0.008), percentage of fat (P=0.001), BMI (P=0.03) and WHR (P=0.02) also decreased significantly between the two groups (P

It seems that 12 weeks of high intensive interval training program as a non-invasive, non-pharmacologic procedure can positively reduce the leptin level and some anthropometric indicators relating to obesity and overweight.

The spread of drug-resistant microbial strains has been known as one of the main problems of world health in the last century. In addition, indiscriminate and arbitrary use of antibiotics is resulted to appear the side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, diarrhea and allergy. These factors have encouraged researchers to identify and use the novel antibacterial agents containing more powerful and broad-spectrum inhibitory effects, and fewer side effects. Thiazole, thiazolidine, imidazole, tetrahydropyrimidine, oxazolidine and thiazepine derivatives are the parts of the most important families of heterocyclic compounds that their various biological properties have been reported. In this study, the antibacterial effects of 30 new derivatives of these families have been investigated against the bacteria including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus thuringiensis, Salmonella typhi and Shigella flexneri.
After preparation of solution of derivatives in DMSO, in order to evaluate their antibacterial effects, inhibition zone diameters were measured via a disk diffusion method. Besides, the broth microdilution method was also used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). All effects have been compared to the antibiotics gentamicin and penicillin.
Inhibitory effects were observed only in some derivatives. Thiazole derivative 23 as the most effective compound had an inhibitory effect against all tested bacteria. Even though, imidazole derivative 3 had no inhibitory effect against Salmonella typhi, its effects against five bacterial strains were obviously identified more as well.
Inhibitory effects of various new heterocyclic derivatives against some standard bacterial strains were proved. In order to use these derivatives as antibiotic, their inhibitory effects should be evaluated on drug-resistant strains of these pathogens in the next step.

Gonadotropin is the most important hormones controls reproductive activity and thus regulates the activity of the gonads. One of the aspects of hormone disorders which caused by lead is its effect on the gonads and it leads to reproductive hormone imbalance and fertility reduction. This study aimed to investigate the effect of parsley’s leaf extract (Petroselinum crispum) on serum levels of gonadotropin and testosterone hormones in male rats which have received lead acetate.

In this study, 36 male Wistar rats that were divided into six groups: control group, witness group, receiving lead acetate, group six receiving distilled water with 150 mg/kg dose, the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 treated with lead acetate concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg and received parsley’s extract in 8 days by daily intra-peritoneal injection. After 28 days, animals were weighted and blood samples were taken from them. Serum concentrations were measured using ELISA method.

Lead acetate increased serum levels of testosterone, LH, and FSH, respectively. Increasing dose of parsley’s extract leads to decrease serum levels of LH and FSH (P

Parsley effect on gonadotropin hormones and testosterone in male rats receiving lead acetate is justified.

Glycyrrhiza glabra plants are known to have anti- cancer effects in traditional medicine with high antioxidant properties and few side effects. The aim of the current study was to investigate the cytotoxic activity and apoptotic effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts toward human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cell line.

In this study, ethanolic and aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra was prepared. The HepG2 and HEK293 cell lines were treated with different concentration of extracts for 24 hours. The biological activities of extracts were calculated by using colorimetric MTT (methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium) assay. Then, the apoptotic BAX and anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene expression was evaluated using real time PCR technique.

The extracts have a dose-dependent toxicity effect. BAX and BCL2 gene expression levels in HepG2 cells treated by ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra were 1.90 ± 0.01 (P

Glycyrrhiza glabra extract (especially ethanoic extract) has potential uses for treatment of liver cancer.

ERBB2 is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor family and is located at large arm of chromosome 17. This receptor can activate a variety of signaling pathways which inhibit apoptosis and induce cell proliferation. MiRNAs are small, single strand, non coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at post transcriptional level and control important cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and tumor genesis. Genomic location of miRNAs demonstrated that they are located at fragile and/ or cancer related chromosomal regions. The aim of this study is production of necessary structure to over express the predicted area of a novel miRNA in ERBB2 gene following its bioinformatics prediction.

Different bioinformatics software was used to investigate stem loop structures with a potential to produce novel miRNAs, Dicer and Drosha enzymes recognition sites and conservation of interested area. Then the surrounding area of candidate stem loop structure was cloned in pEGFPC1 expression vector successfully.

Different software study shows a high probability of processing a mature miRNA. The required construct for more studies was cloned in pEGFPC1 expression vector successfully.

Bioinformatics analysis predictING stem loop structure has a potential to produce a novel miRNA.

Escherichia coli is considered as the indicator of microbial contamination of water all over the world. This bacterium is able to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) that is due to antibiotic resistance. Among them TEM, SHV and CTX-M are more abundant than others. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of beta-lactamase genes of E. coli isolated from qanats and springs.

Totally, 23 E. coli were isolated and identified by biochemical tests from 118 water sources in the East Azarbaijan province. In order to identify ESBLs by phenotypic methods, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime clavulanic acid, cefotaxime clavulanic acid antibiotic disks were used. In the next step blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes were detected in the isolates by PCR method.

Phenotypic methods showed only 2(9%) isolates were ESBL producer, while genotypic methods revealed that 9(39%), 10(43%) and 14(61%) isolates harbored blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M, respectively.

The results of this study showed that the high prevalence of beta-lactamase resistance among E. coli strains isolated from ground water sources. This is due to the spread of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic strains of E. coli with water sources.

Acute phase exercises can cause severe morphological damages to skeletal muscles involved in those activities. According to the growing importance of sports supplements, the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of L- Arginine supplements on the oxidative and nitrosative stress induced in gastrocnemius muscle acute exercises in rats.

Thirty two male Vistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary control (SC); sedentary control with L-Arg treatment (SC Arg); exhaustive exercise (E); and exhaustive exercise with L-Arg treatment (E Arg). E and Eʸ groups performed a 1 hour acute running test, or until exhaustion on a treadmill (16-26 m/min) and Arg and Eʸ groups treated orally with the L-Arg (2% diet, for 30 days). Sampling was performed 1 hour after exercise. Nitric oxide production was evaluated by measuring nitrite formation, using Griess reagent. oxidant-Antioxidant’s ratio was measured as TOS / TAC levels.

Acute exercise decreased NO in (SC Arg), (E) and (E Arg) groups compared to the control group but it was significant change just in (E Arg) group. The antioxidant-oxidant’s balance of TOS / TAC decreased in (E) group compared to the control group. CPK increased in (E), (SC Arg) and (Eʸ) groups compared to the control group (SC). (p≤0.05).

The results of the present study didn’t show existence of oxidative-nitrosative stress and supplementation effect in gastrocnemius muscle 1 h after the acute phase exercise.

The aim of this study was to determine the types of memory problems in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (checking, washing and mixing) in terms of recognition memory and recall.

45 patients with obsessive - compulsive (15 checking and 15 washing and 15 combined) and 30 formed the control group (n = 15 as generalized anxiety disorder, and 15 normal subjects) were selected. Control groups in terms of demographic variables with groups checking, washing and mixing are matched. In terms of thoughts and actions obsessive - compulsive using the scale Obsessive - Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Yale-Brown and psychiatric interview were evaluated. In this study, subject's memory two word lists (recalling list and browse using sign recognition) that utilizes computers were provided was examined.

Patients with obsessive - compulsive in terms of recognition memory and reminder using symptoms compared with normal control group, a significant difference.

Memory problems in patients with obsessive - compulsive psychological theories, particularly in the context of cognitive - behavioral therapy seems to be explained and patients generally suffer from memory impairment.

Necrotizing entrocolitis is the most common emergency of the gastrointestinal tract in the newborn period and leading to mortality and morbidity in preterm newborns. Because there is no specific test for diagnosis of necrotizing entrocolitis, now only clinical and radiological findings are using for diagnose.With finding a reliable biomarker for earlier diagnosis of necrotizing entrocolitis, mortality and morbidity will be decreased.The aim of this study is evaluation of diagnostic value of fecal calprotectin level in necrotizing entrocolitis.

In a case_control study, 20 preterm newborn with necrotizing entrocolitis and 20 preterm newborn without necrotizing entrocolitis for 14 months were investigated. Level of fecal calprotectin was checked by ELISA method in both groups and the data’s were compared.

Findings of statistical analysis of level of fecal calprotectin between two groups show significant differences. (p

Fecal calprotectin can be used as a reliable biomarker for diagnosis of NEC.

The poor performance of capillary system and reduce in VEGF amount can be mentioned as one of the physiological complications that is caused by aging. Sprint training by more using fibers can be effective in improving performance of older people .The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight-week sprint interval training on VEGF amount of soleus muscle tissue and EDL in old Wistar male rats.

A total of twenty aged wistar rats with average weight of 489±43.72 (gr) were prepared and after one week familiarization with the laboratory conditions, were randomly divided into two groups: training (n=10) and control (n=10). SIT Training was included incremental and intermittent running on treadmill that performed three-four times in the week for eight weeks. Then were isolated the soleus and Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscles. Finally, we used western blot method to measure protein changes in the muscle tissue and t-test evaluating the information.

Difference between VEGF amount in control group and training group in both fast-twitch (p≤0.05) and slow-twitch muscles (p≤0.05) was significant.

The amount of capillarization in type II fibers have shown more decreases in comparison with type I fibers because of aging, therefor according to the result of this study it can be concluded that sprint interval training may be a proper stimulus to angiogenesis and leads to improvement of its metabolic properties.

Sleep is a repetitive, dynamic and physiological activity which is considered as one of the most important parameters in assessing the quality of life and health status. Sleep disorders could be classified in six categories; 1) insomnia, 2) sleep related breathing disorders, 3) central disorders of hypersomnolence, 4) circadian rhythm sleep-wake up disorders, 5) parasomnias and 6) sleep related movement disorders. Insomnia is one of the most frequent type of sleep disorders, with the relative frequency of 10 % of the population as its chronic form and in 40 % in its mild form. Management of sleep disorders is an important issue and pharmacotherapy is one of the common therapeutic procedures. Various groups of drugs including agonists of benzodiazepine, melatonin, antidepressants, antipsychotic and histamine receptors are used for this purpose. Benzodiazepine agonists are the most widely used drugs, and the possible side effects, tolerance and their abuse should be considered in practice. Psychotherapy is also considered as a therapeutic strategy.

A 40 year old female was admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit of Imam Reza hospital in Tabriz, Iran for progressive loss of consciousness and respiratory distress and needed intubation to protect her airway. During intubation, a large mucus plaque came out of her trachea that partially obstructed her airway. In this article, the role of nursing care in critically ill patient to protect airway is clarified.