فصلنامه مطالعات اجتماعی - روان شناختی زنان
سال شانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 56، پاییز 1397)

In societies which the earning money is a duty for men, when suddenly and unwillingly this role is given to the women, they become an injured group of society. In this situation these women besides their ordinary roles, should play the role of the head of households including earning money and management of the family. In this path they certainly face barriers so, for passing these barriers they should be empowered.
According to the nature of the problem, action research is the best way to answer the questions of the research and using various qualitative data for doing research.
Data gathered from 11 female- headed households of Shahid Heyrani,s Behzisti Center which is located in district 5 of Isfahan. Data coded and interpreted by Knafl and Webster method. According to the results, there are 2 groups of female- headed households: active and passive.
Barriers in women,s way toward empowerment in their point of view are: poverty, physical and mental problems, unsecured work environments and the lack of social support in society. For facing these barriers and achieving empowerment, economical and psychological strategies presented.
Keywords:Action Research, Female-headed households,Occupation,Women Empowerment.

As half of the population, women play an important role in social change.In this research, the role of social and cultural factors influencing women's sense of security in Kerman city has been studied. The attitude of women towards hijab as well as the social identity of women are considered as cultural variables that have been considered in the research. Society The statistical population of the research is 200175, of which 400 were selected as the research sample. The cluster sampling and simple random sampling method were used and the analysis was performed using the spss23 and Amoss Graph17 software. In this research, Durkheim, Walter Ruckles, Jenkins and Robert Putnam have been used. The results of the research indicate that the most direct effects of social control and women's health are on the sense of security, with the standard regression coefficient equal to / 387 and 277/0. In addition, the indirect effect of research variables is also considered.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between managers' power resources and entrepreneurial personality traits of government employees of West Azarbaijan province and gender variable modulation test in this regard. The statistical sample of the study was selected firstly clustered and then clustered in a relative proportional manner from the statistical population. For data collection, standard questionnaires were used and for data analysis using structural equations modeling using partial maximum squares method was used. The results of the structural model of the research showed that the of Refrent power and expert power have a positive and significant effect on the personality traits of employees entrepreneurship and And about 31.5 percent of its variations are explained. Also, according to the results of the research, it was determined that the gender variable has a moderating effect on the relationship between the sources of power of managers (expert, reward and coercion) and personality traits of entrepreneurship of employees. So that the relationship of power expertise for female staff insignificant for men was significant and on the reward power to Man employees insignificant for female employees was significant and on the coercive power to men the relationship was not significant for female employees adversely and significantly.

The main purpose of this research review Religious commitment And professional commitment In prediction Cultural intelligence of women working . And the statistical society of all employed women in Ardebil ,Due to the unlimited number of statistical communities, 150 employed women were selected through available sampling method. Measurement tools include questionnaires of religious commitment, professional commitment and Cultural intelligence. Data were analyzed by correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. The results showed There is no meaningful relationship between religious commitment and cultural intelligence. And none of the components of this variable are related to cultural intelligence, But there is a positive and significant relationship between professional commitment and cultural intelligence (r = 0.31), (P <0.001). Religious commitment and its components do not precipitate cultural intelligence. But a professional commitment affects the cultural intelligence of working women and %10 of the variance of cultural intelligence with(Coefficient of influence 0/31), It is predictable through professional commitment. It can be concluded that the adherence of women working on religion And beliefs can not They will have an impact on their cultural intelligence. Cultural intelligence can function other factors In business life is women. But professional obligations can be In the ability to learn cultural patterns And social interactions of employed women Make be change Women To Give Better Role in life of Cultural They must be fully aware of their professional roles.

Public realm, one of the concepts propounded by Jürgen Habermas and Hannah Arendt can be regarded as decentralized and anonymous communication networks on common interests which combine various disciplines of communication. This realm and its function in various fields, despite the different interpretations offered by scholars, is one of the concerns of contemporary thinkers. On the other hand, more recent concept of third space have been mentioned by contemporary thinkers such as Edward Soja and Homi Bhabha. By utilizing this subject, this research attempts to answer this question “By using the concept of the third space, how can the public realm be revived for the target group of women in the study?” Spaces such as cafes, as observed in this study, have been able to attract more women as the main audience; therefore the reason behind this and the function of these spaces are the focus of this research. The current study has been carried out by the ‘Qualitative research’ approach along with interpretive paradigm in terms of methodology. The ethnographic method was employed for the application of the results of the literature review and observations in the central district of Tehran(Enghelab Street) with respect to the target group of women.

This study aimed to investigate the role of everyday sadism and Schadenfreude in predicting of hostile masculine beliefs against women. In this correlational study, among all male students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch and University of Birjand in the academic year of 2017-2018, 356 students were selected by available sampling method. Instruments included Schadenfreude Inventory (5 items), Sadistic tendencies Scale (18 items) and Hostility Toward Women Scale (10 items). Data were analyzed by using either SPSS- 24 software or Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Findings showed that there is a relationship between everyday sadism and Schadenfreude with hostile masculine beliefs against women. The highest correlation was observed between physical sadism and vicarious sadism (p<0.01) and the least correlation was observed between physical sadism and Schadenfreude (p<0.01). In addition, the findings showed that physical sadism and verbal sadism account for over 19% of the variance of hostile beliefs (R Square= 0.16). The findings of the present study showed the roles of everyday sadism and Schadenfreude in predicting of hostile masculine beliefs against women. Therefore, considering the role of these predictive variables by experts, therapists and planners seem to be necessary when working with students, and particularly in counseling and therapeutic centers.

The current research was administrated with the aim of investigating the role of marital ‎virtues to predict happiness and marital satisfaction of married men and women in ‎Tehran. Descriptive and correlational research strategy is used to collect and analyze ‎data. So, 154 married women and 144 married men were selected through convenient ‎sampling from south, north, center, east, and west of Tehran City. The participants ‎completed the researcher-made marital virtues scale, the short form of happiness scale, ‎and the Hendrik relation assessment scale. Data were analyzed using correlation and ‎stepwise regression test. The results showed significant correlation between all marital ‎sub-virtues with happiness and marital satisfaction in married women and men. Also, the ‎results showed two sub-virtues including fairness and honesty have the greatest ‎contribution in predicting marital satisfaction and honesty and appreciation have the ‎important role in prediction of happiness in married women and men. Having positive ‎personality traits and cultivating moral virtues is important predictor of marital ‎satisfaction and happiness in couples.‎