فهرست مطالب

نامه فرهنگستان - سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1392)

نامه فرهنگستان
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1392)

  • ویژه نامه شبه قاره (1)
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1392/02/17
  • تعداد عناوین: 23
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  • A. Samii (Gilani) Pages 9-26
    During the Safavid period, Guilan established extensive relations with foreign lands, both inside the home country Iran and abroad. The majority of the works of Guilani poets and writers belong to this period and after. It was during this same period that many poets, Sufis, and scientists from Guilan moved to India where they found patrons from among kings, rulers, or influential government officials. The present paper aims to explore this patronage relationship.
  • A. Soboot Pages 27-38
    The Indian riots of 1857against the British rule, especially the uprising of Muslims, were a great failure of no serious consequence. However, Sunni scholars of the time reacted to this failure by founding a circle in Divband-Saharanpur in the northern State of Uttar Pradesh that was mandated to protect their Islamic beliefs, traditions, and culture in the face of the British expansionism. This article deals with this circle and the works created by the scholars affiliated to it.
  • N. Parvin Pages 39-50
    Rajah Ram Mohan Ray was one of the founders of journalism in India. This article reviews his biography and works. One of his greatest achievements was Mer’āt-Al- Akhbār, the daily circulated in Calcutta, which was published in Persian.
  • M. Fotoohi Pages 51-78
    In this article, efforts are made to shed light on the great controversy over the question whether the poetic style of the Safavid Era was Isfahani or Indian and on its metamorphosis from the late 19th century onwards, i.e. after the so-called ‘the peak of the Manner of Incidence’3. The 11th century A. H. witnessed a movement towards Delicate Imagery by poets living in central Iran which was later transferred to India by immigrant Iranian poets. The Persian Delicate Imagery was welcomed by Indian Persian-writing poets but it gradually transformed into Remote Imagery in the 12th century A. H. which was characterized by excessive use of complex imagination and farfetched visions and concepts. This article makes a distinction between these two different poetic styles and uses the data and evidence remaining from the literature in these two centuries with direct reference to the words of the poets. Accordingly, the poetry of the 11th A. H. century is identified as Isfahani which is characterized by delicate imagery and that of the 12th century A. H. identified as Indian characterized by remote imagery. Finally, the aesthetic criteria of the two styles are introduced and a relationship is established between the Indian remote imagery and the Indian rhetoric.
    Keywords: Indian style, Isfahani, Delicate Imagery, Remote Imagery, Indian rhetoric
  • M. Afshin Vafai Pages 79-102
    Khulāsat al-Ash’ār va Zubdat al-Afkār (‘A Brief Account of Poetry and Views) is one of the most exhaustive and useful biographies of Persian poets which, after multiple revisions, Taqī al-Dīn Kāshānī dedicated to Ibrāhīm Ādilshāh Sānī, the king of Bijapur. The work contains the biographies of many Persian poets together with examples of their poems. To gain a deeper insight into the life and poetry of the present article uses a hitherto neglected but authentic manuscript of the third chapter (Vol. 4) of the above-mentioned work, which is currently kept at the National Library of Russia. Kāshānī’s commentaries and corrections in this chapter are also used. The manuscript is introduced in the first part of this article directly quoting Kāshī’s account of the poet’s biography and poetry. In the second part, a critical evaluation of the information will be provided.
    Keywords: Hāfiz, Khulāsat al Ash'ār, Ibrāhīm Ādilshāh of Bijapur, Hāfiz Anthology
  • A. Radfar Pages 103-116
    With the spread of Persian literature in the Indian subcontinent, scholars and writers took an increasing interest in creating literary works and in writing dictionaries and grammar treatises. In time, the number of such works in the different fields of epistles, correspondence, and literature in the subcontinent went far beyond any record made in Iran. However, the style used in these works was often ostentatious and affected with excessive rhymes and alliteration and assonance decorated with verbal and spiritual techniques and sporadic verses quoted as allusions in prose. Almost all the characteristic features of this prose style can be found in the correspondence and official writings although some are also found written in plain language.
    Keywords: Literary composition, Literature, Correspondence, Style, Theme, Subcontinent, Persian language
  • A. Esmaeelpour Pages 117-138
    Keykāvūs is the second heavenly prince and the son of Keyghobād. Koyās or Kavūs in the Iranian literature has strong, undeniable association with an Indian character named Goye Oshnas. This article deals with Keykāvūs and changes in his personality based on different stories.
    Keywords: Keykāvūs, Shāhnāmeh, Myth
  • R. Jafarian, A. Dehgahi Pages 139-156
    It has been long assumed that Iranians’ first encounter with the western civilization in modern times was during their battles with Russia (early 19th century) when their defeats from Russia led them to realize that their country was an undeveloped one. It is further assumed that later in history they started to acquaint themselves with modern sciences of the west. In this article, however, it is shown that already in the mid-18th century Iranians had became familiar with the modern civilization of the west through India long before the Iran-o-Russian battles and that they had been exposed to modern sciences of the west through Persian-speaking writers of India.
    Keywords: Persian travelogues, Western studies, India, Iran
  • M. Rahimpour Pages 157-184
    Little is known about the life of Shahb Al-Din Mohmareh Badaoni, the Persian poet of the 7th century (A.H.) who lived during the Altatmash and Firouz Shah dynasties. In this article, efforts have been made to shed more light on his life and some of his Persian poems in certain analects, manuscripts, and other sources collected in a small Divan (collection of poems).
    Keywords: Shahb Al Din Mohmareh Badaoni, Manuscript 243 of Sana, Manuscript 7553, Arafat Al Ashaqin
  • V. Idgah Torqabei Pages 185-206
    The present paper aims to throw light on what distinguishes Bidel Dihlavi’s poetry from other poetries in the Indian style. Apart from his mental and image delicacies, he exhibits a treatment of poetry far different from what other poets do. There is a difference between his sentence and word structure in his Divan (collection of poems) that can be discerned from what is typically seen in other works of the same style. In this article, efforts have been made to deal with these differences and to identify the peculiar stylistics used in his poetry. These traits make the language of his poetry prominent and give it a defamiliarization feature.
    Keywords: Bidel's Ghazals, Indian style, Stylistic features, Grammar
  • N. Azimipour Pages 207-224
    Nafāyis Al-Ma’āsir by Mīr ’Ala al-Dawlah Kāmī Ghazvīnī is a rich source of Persian history, culture, and literature in both Iran and the Indian subcontinent. Despite its great importance, it has not yet been published. The book contains a number of chapters, one especially devoted to the musicians and singers of the time which is a unique source in this area. The present article is a treatise on this chapter.
    Keywords: Mīr Ala al dawlah Kāmī Ghazvīnī Nafāyis al Ma'āsir, Music, Jalal al Din Akbar
  • A. Atai Pages 225-238
    Mir Seyyed Ali Hamedani was one of the many immigrants to the northwest of India who had great contributions to and left drastic impacts on Kashmir to the extent that even today Kashmir remains to be under the influence of this outstanding scholar and his immigrant followers who made a small island-like Iran in the heart of India. Amongst Hamedani’s followers and disciples, Mir Shams al-Din Arāghi had the greatest impact on Kashmir, especially from a religious point of view, so that he has deserves the title ‘the founder of Shi’ism and the propagator of the Persian culture and language in Kashmir’. The book Tohfat al-Ahbāb written in Persian by Mohammad Ali Kashmiri, one of Mir Shams al-Din Arāghi’s disciples, is an account of his biography, works, travels, and social activities.
    Keywords: Kashmir, Shiism, Mir Shams al Din Arāghi, Mohammad Ali Kashmiri, Tohfat al Ahbāb
  • A. Emami Pages 239-254
    Tāj al-Ma’āsir written by Hasan Nizāmī Nayshābūrī is one of the first texts in Persian that deals with part of India’s history and the conquest of Muslim rulers of Ghur. An important aspect of the work is the many Persian verses included in the book that were written by poets living before its composition. This makes the work a valuable source for the critical edition of the poems included therein such as Vīs-o Rāmīn, no manuscript of which has ever been found. The present article explores and investigates Vīs-o Rāmīn in this text and compares it with the original.
  • R. Abadian Pages 255-270
    There have been many non-Iranian poets in the long history and vast realm of Persian literature who wrote poems in Persian. Unfortunately, however, no accurate editions of these poems have been presented nor have any intentions of doing so been shown by commentators. Amir Khusraw Dihlavī of India is one of the poets who wrote prolifically in Persian yet his works have seen no critical editions. The present paper offers editions on some of his verses.
    Keywords: Amir Khusraw Dihlavī Ghazal, Textual Criticism, Fake Manuscript, Persian Poetry
  • N. Mohammadi, A. Serry Pages 271-286
    Malik-i-Qumī was a competent Iranian poet who is said to have been killed in one of the stranger killing events (or, Gharib Koshi in Persian) that was not uncommon in Deccan during the reign of Behmaneshian, Ghotbshahian, and Adelshahian. Stranger killing was the practice of killing poets, outstanding figures, scholars, and thinkers who were feared to have horrendous cultural or social impacts. Many immigrants from Karbala, Najaf, Guilan, and Sistan are thought to have been killed in Deccan as a result of this dreadful tradition. It will be shown in this paper that this could not have happened to Malek-e- Qumi.
    Keywords: Gharib Koshi (stranger killing), Deccan, Mālek, e, Qumi, Behmaneshiān, Nezāmshahian, Ghotbshāhiān
  • The Shahnameh in Print The Lithographed Edition of the Persian National Epic
    Ulrich Marzolph Pages 9-19