نشریه مدیریت فردا
پیاپی 31 (تابستان 1391)

Regarding the fact that most failures in implementation of knowledge management have roots in unpreparedness of organizations; assessing organizations readiness has not significantly been regarded. Previous studies had a great deal of gaps and limitations. They had just been looking for effective factors on readiness for implementing of knowledge management through case studies more than other subjects; however, an operational and integrated framework has not been among their findings. This research introduces steps for implementing readiness assessment by offering operational framework. Some guidelines are also offered for compensating limitations and filling the gaps found in previous studies. In order to validate the results and the suggested framework we have received opinions of experts and they have been analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Results of this analysis indicate general agreement and consensus of experts on the authenticity of suggested framework.

The concepts of risk and accident are professional and complicate topics that can create serious problems for industrial managers. Nowadays fuzzy logic is a powerful tool that with entering to various expertise fields, has created various scientific views and in some cases, noticeable effect on scientific results in applicable research can be applied. This new approach has caused, those managers in risk and accident fields make decisions with stronger scientific support and higher reliability. In this paper, research methodology with fuzzy approach in forecasting of work related accident’s possibility about transportation equipments and production machinery has reviewed as a case study with mentioned approach. By using fuzzy rules in various accidents’ Scenarios, with regarding to the all variables of research problem, an uncertain space in this topic study can be minimized and better possibility of forecasting in comparing with classic binary situation or zero one state is achieved. This is a real, the uncertain and probabilistic condition in field of risk and accident is affect on possibility of forecasting and prevention of accident beside adverse outcomes, and using this approach and proposed methodology can be helpful in this regard.

Policy making is a word which usually accompanies by government content. Government strategy in defending area and government plan for security is named security policy making. The goal of policy making is to accelerate or decelerate a changing movement in a part, therefore; policy makings make changes inevitably which should be managed. The mission of the present research is to design a major policy making for soft power (soft warfare) to reach national soft security. According to Joseph Nai, to face soft warfare holding soft power to obtain national soft security should consist of three main criteria; 1. Cultural attraction, 2. Internal political ideals, 3. Foreign policies of a state to own the capability of gaining “ideality” of internal system and foreign societies through attraction and not force or bribing. Vikers (2008) classifies the main elements of a soft power into; 1. Psychological, 2. Social, 3. Political, 4. Cultural, and 5. Scientific elements. According to Imam Khomeini, as he mentioned in his spiritual -political last will, fundamental criteria of soft power are as follows: 1. Cultural, spiritual, social, 2. Science and industry, 3. Economic, 4. Political and military. These criteria in soft power frame, based on the opinions of Imam Khameneyee, are also determined in four groups: 1. Cultural, 2. Scientific-Technologic, 3. Unity and National Identity, political steadiness, 4. Economic and defending. Islamic Republic of Iran Constitution stresses on four powers of; 1. Cultural, 2. Social, 3. Political (domestic& foreign), 4. Economic, to create a soft power and deems them as the main principle for the state development. In the proposed four-dimensional model of this paper, the main criteria for structure of resource of soft power regarding to providing soft security and preventing soft war, includes: Cultural- Social, 2. Scientific-Technological, 3. Political (domestic & foreign), 4. Economic. The following actions have been performed to examine the proposed model: Considering the four resources of soft power and their priority comparing with each other through Delphi and AHP methods Considering the parameters of four resources of soft power and national soft security as well as their priority and abbreviating them through Delphi and AHP methods Measuring the relation of evaluated parameters with indices of national soft security through AHP The relation of permanence and validity and accuracy of answers by Pierson impetus indices Findings of the study reveal that: 1. The main priority of soft power resources is cultural-social soft power, which gained the most marks. 2. The second priority of soft power resources is scientific-technological soft power, which is deemed as the second resource to provide soft power. 3. The third resource in the measurements is political (domestic & foreign) resource. 4. The weakest resource in soft power resources is economic resource. Ideal Model: 3. One-dimensional model “Cultural-Social” 4. The cultural-social resource is the one-dimensional producer of soft power for national soft security which can provide a short-term effect solely. 5. Two-Dimensional model “Cultural-Social” & “Scientific-Technologic” 6. This model enjoys a more strength and effect on production of national soft security. 7. Three-Dimensional model “Cultural-Social” & “Scientific-Technologic”& “Political (domestic & foreign)” 1. Four-Dimensional model “Cultural-Social” & “Scientific-Technologic”& “Political (domestic & foreign)” & “Economic” 2. This model is complete and comprehensive for policy making of effective resources to remove threats and soft war and develops national soft power and makes use of the highest capacities of existing state soft power. Finally, after conclusion, some proposals have been offered to organization, researchers, thinkers and scientists to continue the way.

Undoubtedly, WCM offers increased opportunities for economic development and plays a crucial role in rapid economic change, productive capacity improvements and international competitiveness enhancement for developing of countries. WCM is an important tool to address some of the key barriers and challenges for entering the global economy and for future growth potential. It can transform old challenges and create unprecedented possibilities for sustainable economic development. This paper reviews the concepts of world class manufacturing, using Shingo model to have assessment of WCM situation in a Kale meet products company, and the results were analyzed. The assessment through the Shingo model standard questionnaire has been done. The study results, indicates that the company in quality, cost and delivery and the profitability and customer satisfaction at the level of world class but in other aspects and Overall is not in world class level.

One of issues that managers face is decision about selecting a set of most appropriate projects. Choosing more effective projects and allocating resource optimally is part of strategic decisions in an organization which requires the judgment of specialists in evaluation process. In many cases, judgments of decision makers in evaluation have some uncertainty. Methods which take into account the ambiguity in human judgments accurately would be very desirable. The aim of this research is to propose a suitable approach for evaluation development projects and finally select the most suitable ones, based on qualitative and quantitative indices. Proposed approach takes into account the ambiguity in human judgments by using grey systems theory and vague sets theory which both are the fuzzy sets theory expanded. This hybrid approach would make it possible to select the most appropriate projects based on both qualitative and quantitative indices.

Theory of Constraints is a kind of management philosophy that uses a systemic approach for understanding and analyzing the whole system. With this attitude identifying and removing the limitations (contradiction or problem that can limit the output of the system) in a systematic process of change is possible. The tools that the theory of constraints uses for identifying, removing and transferring from current adverse conditions to future desirable conditions, is called the thinking process tools. But always there is this need that the effect of various factors on each other in the process is investigated as a feedback loop and in long term. Thus the system dynamics methodology can be used as a complementary tool to this. In fact, This paper aims to describe show to integrate theory of constraints and system dynamics according to their assumptions and their philosophical foundation. To explain how to use these two intersect methods, the problem of inventory management in SCM, which today is known of the challenges, is used. The results show that the combination of these two approaches in terms of theoretical foundation, offer good supplement to understand the problem.

Today’s in the changing environment, we need new skills for people in the organizations. Competency models provide useful instrument for organizations. Competencies result in productivity and reduce costs. The aim of this research is to analysis the elements and components of managers competency models in the banking system. In this research competency include knowledge, skills, abilities and personal attributes. Sample of this paper is managers of the public bank. So we conduct semi-structured interviews with managers. Interviews were analyzed with content analysis and managers competency models was produced. Competency model has three levels. First level includes four domains: technical domain, environmental domain, managerial domain, personal domain. Second level have eight element: general knowledge, specialized knowledge, marketing, awareness of environment, correct management of the bank, human resource management, interpersonal, intrapersonal. Finally, third level include 42 competency component in the banking system.