Hormozgan Medical Journal
Volume:17 Issue: 6, 2014

Formation of certain food patterns are affected by food habits in childhood and adolescence period، which would be the indicator of adequate nutrients intakes for growth، development and health in future. The aim of this study was to assess weight and physical activity status and determine food habits in high school students. In this study cross sectional study، 800 students who studied in public high school of Bandar Abbas were selected by a stratified randomized sampling. Demographic data and physical activity questionnaire were completed، height and weight were measured by a standard method using stadiometer and weighing scale، BMI (Body Mass Index) was calculated and compared by CDC 2000 growth chart curves. Mean age of boys and girls were 16. 1±1 and 15. 6±0. 9 years، respectively. Overall prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity were 10. 1% and 14. 5%، respectively. Leisure time physical activity and TV watching were significantly different between two genders (P<0. 05). Weight، height and BMI were higher in boys than girls. Most adolescents consumed lunch and mid-morning snack frequently. Frequency in consumption of dairies، fruits and vegetables were significantly lower than the recommended amount in food guide pyramid. Ice cream، egg، potato، and bread were the most consumed food items between the food items of dairy، meats، vegetable and grains groups، respectively. There was not any relation between parents'' education level and students'' physical activity or fruits and vegetables consumption It seems necessary to modify nutrition patterns by education and use programs for intervention in the patterns of physical activities in high school students.

ntroduction: The study on effects of various events of physical and Biological-Chemical abnormality on behavior and cognitive abilities in different areas has always been an important issue. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of minor beta-thalassemia patients with normal people، in the short forms of Wechsler test. In This cross-sectional study، a sample including 30 individuals with minor beta-thalassemia and 30 normal individuals Whithin age of 18 to 56 years old was selected. The groups were mathched based on demographic and individual characteristics. Wechsler test including calculation، words، alignment of images and designing by cubs was performed on both groups. The results were analysed by SPSS، using t-test and analysis of variance. The results showed that the average performance of normal individuals for the sub-tests of computation and words and for sub-test of alignment of images is higher than the performance of individuals with minor beta-thalassemia. Also in the overall verbal scale (including sub-tests of calculation and words) the average of performance and ability of the normal individuals was higher than the individuals with minor beta-thalassemia، while in the overall non-verbal/practical scale (including sub-tests of alignment of images and designing by cubes) no significant difference was found between the two groups. The results showed that the average of performance of men and women in normal individuals and individuals with minor beta-thalassemia in the sub-tests of calculations and words has a significant difference، while in sub-tests of alignment of images and designing by cubes for four groups no significant difference between performances was found. Overall results of this study showed that people with minor beta-thalassemia، can face lack of abilities such as: fluency in talking، ability of abstract thinking، verbal reasoning، verbal conceptualization، ability to chain sequences and understanding and prediction of social situations. Whether such a reduction of abilities is caused by neurological and neurophysiologic changes or through the psychological effects on individuals with minor beta-thalassemia، will require further investigation.

Increase in the common bile duct diameter after cholecystectomy has been reported in animal model. However، similar studies in the human resulted in controversy. Between 2008 and 2012، fifty two patients with clinical as well as radiological signs and symptoms of gallbladder disease were enrolled in this study. The patients underwent laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy according to the surgeon preference. Sonography was done in all patients before operation and repeated in 3 month and 12 month after operation. Significant statistical changes in the common bile duct diameter were studied in the time elapsed. SPSS Software and t-test were utilized in order to analysze the data. In all three groups (total، laparoscopic and open) the common bile duct diameter showed significant statistical changes (P<0. 05) after operation. The measures in 3 and 12 month follow up revealed return of the diameter to pre-operation values. The values in 3 and 12 month had no statistically significant difference as compared to pre-operation ones. Common bile duct diameter show a significant changes after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy but it is transient and should not be mistaken with bile duct injury and return to pre-operation values soon.

Nowadays caotid Dopplers sonography is gold standard for carotid artery screening in coronary aetery bypass grafting (CABG) candidates. This study was carried out in an angioplasty center in southern seaport in Iran to assesss theprevalence of artery stenosis and correlation of the atherosclerosis risk factor with the rate of artery stensis، and nence to define the high risk groups. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 486 candidates of CABG. A Doppler sonography of carotid artery was performed before the procedure. Morphology of carotid arteries، carotid artery stensis risk factors such as age، gender، previous history of diabetes، hypertension، hyperlipidemia، smoking، auscultation of bruits on arteries were recorded in a questionnaire. The data were analyzed with SPSS 16، using descriptive statistics، and Chi square. P-value less than 0. 05 was considered years statistically significant. Age range of the patients was (35-87) with a mean age of (52. 7±10. 3). 21 patients (403%) had a positive history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA)، and transient ischemic attack (TIA). On physical examination 31 patients (6. 3%) had bruits on carotid arteries. Doppler sonography was normal in 252 (51. 8%) patients. 96 patients (19. 7%) had a mild stenosis (less than 50% stenosis)، 117 patients (24. 2%) had moderate (50-70%) stenosis and only 21 patients (4. 3%) had server stenosis (more than 70%). Correlation between carotid artery stenosis of more than 50% and risk factors such as previous CVA or TIA، diabetes، hypertension، hyperlipidemia، cigarette smoking، age more than 60 years gender was not statistiucally significant، but main stenosis of left coronary artery (LAD) in angiography was significantly correlated with carotid artery stenosis (P=0. 024)، and so was the history of previous myocardial infaction (P=0. 002). Auscylation of bruit on carotid was also significantly correlated with carotid atenosis of more 50% (P=0. 033). According to this study، performing routine dopplersonography of carotid arteries prior to CABG in patients with significant LAD stenosis، previous history of MI، and bruit on carotid. Because of large number of asymptomatic patients with carotid thichening، preventive and therapeutic measures should be taken in order to descease cardiac mortality and morbidity.

Hearing is one of the dominant senses of humans. In fact، human beings learn the language which is spoken in their environment and، then، develop the capability to speak. Cochlear implantation is introduced worldwide as a method for the treatment of the severe-to-profound sensory-neural hearing loss. Therefore، the present study aims to investigate the effect of cochlear implantation on the improvement of the auditory performance of the children with profound hereditary as well as non-hereditary hearing loss. The present follow-up study was conducted on 95 children who had been referred to Fars Cochlear Implantation Center. The patients’ information was obtained from their pre- as well as post-operation profiles. Moreover، their auditory performance scores were measured through the Cap Test in 3 stages of 6 months، 1 year، and 2 years after the implantation. Besides، the non-parametric tests of Fridman، Willcoxon، and Mann-Withney U were utilized in order to analyze the gathered data. The mean and the median of the auditory performance of the children who had undergone the cochlear implantation showed a significant difference 6 months، 1 year، and 2 years after the implantation. Moreover، a statistically significant relationship was observed between the independent variable of the type of hearing loss and the auditory performance score. In line with other studies conducted on the issue، the present study also confirmed the improvement of the auditory performance in the children who have undergone the cochlear implantation. In addition، the present study revealed that the type of hearing loss can be helpful in identifying the candidates of the cochlear implantation.

The standard methods for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in legs are gastrocnemius flap for proximal third defects، soleus flap for middle third and free flap in the distal third. However، there are problems with the use of free flap، like increased operative time، damage of major vessels and the need for experienced microsurgeon. In this study we examined the ability of the gastrocsoleous flap for coverage of leg soft tissue defects. This cross-sectional study was undertaken on 23 patients (20 male and 3 female) with the mean age 32. 13 years (14 to 65). This group consisted of all of the patients referred to Dr Bahonar Hospital، Kerman with soft tissue defects between April 2011 and April 2012. They were given informed consent for participation in the study and treatment of the defect with muscle flaps. 8 patients with proximal third defects were treated with were treated with gastrocnemius flap، 4 with middle third defects with soleus flap and 3 with reverse soleus flap and 8 with distal third defects with reverse soleus flap. The patients were followed up for at least 1 year. Finally the results were analyzed by SPSS 16. The results for patients with soft tissue defect in proximal and middle third of leg repair was successful. In 5 patients with soft tissue defect in distal third of leg، repair was complete but، in 3 of them flap failure was seen. Overall success rate for reverse soleous flap was 72. 7%. The success rate of the flap for the upper and lower thirds was similar to other studies and seems that this is the standard method. In the upper half of distal third reverse soleous flap was successful، but in the lower half of the leg it failed in all 3 cases and it seems that preoperative investigations such as angiography must be performed before embarking on such a procedure.

Infection of pregnant women with Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy may cause congenital toxoplasmosis in embryo and a number of serious and even persistent complications in newborns. One of the most effective factors determining the rate of congenital toxoplasmosis is the rate of Toxoplasma infection or immune status of women in child-bearing ages against the parasite. This study was carried out to investigate the immune status of women in child-bearing ages (15-45 year-old) against Toxoplasma gondii and determine the related risk factors in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiyari province. This descriptive-analytic study included 338 sera from women in child bearing ages (15-45 year-old). The sera were examined for the specific anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies using an Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA) method. Demographic information were collected through interview and questionnaire forms. The results were analyzed using SPSS 12 Software and Chi-Square test. Out of 338 serum samples belonged to the women (mean 25. 78±8. 21) of the area، 126 (37. 3%) were positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies. The highest and lowest rates of positive reactions were found in 36-45 and 15-25 year-old groups (51. 9% vs. 27. 9%)، respectively (P<0. 001). The study also showed a significant correlation between occupation (P=0. 04) and residence (P=0. 01) of the subjects with seroreactivity against Toxoplasma gondii. The study showed that in this region of the country، a vast majority of women in child-bearing ages were seronegative for Toxoplama gondii infection (62. 7%)، and thus they may be susceptible to acute Toxoplasma infection during their future pregnancy. Therefore، it is recommended to implement a health education program about transmission routes of Toxoplasma for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis.

Osteoporosis is an important public health problem. Osteoporosis characterized by low bone mass with micro architectural disruption and skeletal fragility resulting increased risk of fracture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Bone mineral density in post menopausal women who referred to Shahid Mohamadi hospital BMD center. In this cross sectional study 404 postmenopausal women who reffered to Shahid Mohammadi hospital، Bandar Abbas، Iran، were enrolled. T score and FRAX index were calculated and demographic characteristics of the patients were collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS، using logistic regression. Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis was 45% and 44. 3%، respectively. Logestic regression model showed that age، opium، loss of physical activity and corticosteroid use are significant risk factors of osteoporosis and osteopenia. The prevalence of osteoporosis in referral post menopausal women was high.

Hot flushing is one of the most common symptoms related to menopause which can lead to sleep deprivation، physical and psychological tiredness and disturbances in interpersonal relationships. In the recent years، tendency and desire toward alternative treatments، especially phytoestrogens، in relieving this symptom have been increased. Considering that red clover is the rich source of phytoestrogens، the present study investigated the effect of red clover on hot flushes in post-menopausal women. This was a clinical randomized، triple-blind، placebo-controlled trial. 72 eligible menopausal women after two weeks of monitoring and determination of baseline severity of hot flushes، were randomized blindly to receive either placebo or 45 mg of red clover isoflavones capsules for eight weeks. Hot flushes were recorded weekly by the study subjects via using hot flushes severity of Kupperman Menopause Index (KMI). Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests were used for between and within the groups'' comparisons in frequency of hot flushes. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18. A total of 55 women completed the study، 28 subjects in the red clover and 27 in the placebo group. In both of the study groups، the frequency of hot flushes had a significant difference at the end of the second، sixth and tenth weeks (P=0. 001). At the end of the 10th week، there was a significant difference in frequency of hot flashes between the groups (P=0. 04). Generally، the present study showed that red clover supplementation had desirable and significant effects on hot flushing.

Finding an appropriate training method for encouraging pregnant women toward performing vaginal delivery is necessary because of increasing growth of cesarean and its associated complications. This semi- experimental study was carried out on a sample of 200 pregnant women who referred to the obstetrics offices of Zahedan during winter 2010 to summer 2011 by using non- probability sampling. Intervention group received training according to theory of planned behavior. After doing pretest using a validated and reliable questionnaire in both groups. Post- test was conducted after one month in both study groups. T-test، Chi-Square and Logestic regression were used for data analysis. Findings showed a significant statistical differences between two groups’ knowledge، attitude and perceived behavior control، subjective norms and behavior scores after intervention (P<0. 001). Regression analysis revealed that behavioral intention and perceived control were two greatest predictors of behavior. Overall، natural delivery was seen in 22% of women in intervention group compared with 4% in control group. The study finding showed that، education based on theory of planned behavior significantly increased natural delivery among study participants. Accordingly، it is recommended to adapt a policy which pregnant women to receive elective cesarean section training packages according to this theory and attend related group discussions.