Hormozgan Medical Journal
Volume:18 Issue: 6, Feb-Mar 2015

The study was carried out to assess the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors in an Iranian young population. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 137 students (42 male and 95 female، mean age: 21. 99±1. 54) of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences in Bandar Abbas، Iran from January 2008 to December 2009. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. Then height، weight، BMI، systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured on all participants. Blood sample was also taken for the measurement of glucose and lipid profile. Finally، the incidence rate of cardiovascular risk factors among students were analysed by Chi-Square، ANOVA and t-test. It was observed that 21% of students (30 cases) expose at least one coronary artery disease risk factor. The prevalence of HDL، smoking، high total cholesterol، LDL، high body mass index، family history of early onset coronary heart disease، hypertension، inadequate physical activity and hypertension was 46. 7%، 29. 19%، 21. 2%،19%، 17. 5%، 14. 6%، 10. 9%،10. 9%، respectively. There was no difference between sex and incidence rate of cardiovascular risk factors except hypertension. High blood pressure was more prevalent in men than women (P=0. 01). This study showed that the cardiovascular risk factors are common in young population; particularly of low HDL، smoking، and high total cholesterol. These findings imply that life style change should be considered via special training programs to decrease the high incidence rate of cardiovascular disease in the middle age.

Application of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for the induction of generalized seizure was first introduced in 1938. It is applied for disorders as severe depression particularly for cases which do not respond to drug therapy، or during pregnancy when medication is detrimental to the fetus. The debate on the effect of ECT on blood glucose level is still contradictory. However، studies show improvement of glycemic control in insulin-independent diabetes and also hyperglycemia in insulin dependent diabetes. This study was carried out to compare blood glucose level before and after ECT in patients with psychiatric disorders. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients assessed as class one and class two according to ASA physical status classification system at Ebne-sina hospital in Bandar Abbas، Iran. The study included 80 patients – suffering from psychiatric disorders including major depression، bipolar mood disorder and schizophrenia – as candidates for ECT. Blood glucose level was measured by Richter Glucometer at 10 min before and 20 min after ECT. Anesthesia was administered through intravenous injection of Atropine، Thiopental sodium and Succinylcholine. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 statistical package using t-test and linear regression. There was no significant relationship between the changes of blood glucose before and after ECT in non-diabetic patients. No significant relationship was observed between the changes of blood glucose before and after ECT in non-diabetic patients based on sex. There was no significant relationship between the changes of blood glucose before and after ECT in non-diabetic patients based on type of disorder. ECT did not affect on blood glucose level changes.

Earlier studies throughout the world show that the ratio of live male births to live female births is declining. There are several factors associated with the reduction of male births including environmental pollutions، exposure to chemicals and smoking. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between paternal smoking and sex ratio of children at public maternity hospitals in Bandar Abbas. The present cross-sectional study surveyed public hospitals in Bandar Abbas (Iran) from 21 March 2010 to 20 March 2011. Data was collected by census method. Seven hundred thirty mothers eligible for the completed a questionnaire and provided required information. Then sex ratio was compared in two groups. Three hundred sixty five mothers lived with smoker spouse and 365 did not. Data analysis was done by SPSS statistical software using descriptive methods، Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results showed that the spouses with lower education smoked cigarettes more than those with higher education. The difference was statistically significant (P<0. 0001). Sex ratio for children with smoker father and the group with non-smoker father was 0. 7 and 1. 2، respectively; and the relationship was significant (P<0. 001). Out of 365 smoker fathers، 283 cases smoked less than 20 cigarettes per day، and 82 smoked more than 20 cigarettes. The sex ratios for the babies with smoker fathers smoking less than 20 cigarettes and those smoking more than 20 cigarettes were 0. 76 and 0. 56، respectively. Based on the study، it seems that smoking cigarette by parents during conception period may have a negative effect on the sex ratio. Therefore، the gender of the fetus tends to be female

Preeclampsia is a potentially life-threatening disease during pregnancy diagnosed by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. The etiology and pathogenesis remain mysterious and poorly understood. It is a major cause of maternal and neonatal death and morbidity worldwide، affecting nearly 5-10% of all pregnancies. In this study we، aimed to determine the prevalence of preeclampsia in southern Iran، various districts of Hormozgan province، in order to outline existing high risk disease-areas headed for early diagnosis of the disease. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 1033 ethnic-matched unrelated pre-eclamptic subjects out of 17792 pregnant women who had delivery from September 2012 to March 2013 in Hormozgan province. Demographic and clinical features of the study subjects were collected using well-structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Chi-Square test was used and P<0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Preeclampsia prevalence was generally 5. 8% in Hormozgan. 41% and 59% of pre-eclamptic women were nullipara and multipara، respectively. 62% of the deliveries were done by Cesarian section. Individual frequency distribution of preeclampsia in each studied cities were 18. 8% in Bandar Khamir، 13. 7% in Bashagard، 12. 1% in the province cities ranged from 3. 1% in Kish to 18. 8% in Bandar Khamir. Our study showed a similar frequency distribution as the world prevalence for pre-eclampsia. Early detection of high risk subjects for pre-eclampsia and subsequent perinatal care should be considered in some areas of the province. Planned intervention could manage and decrease the rate of pre-eclampsia and its complications effectively

Recent epidemiological studies show that episodes due to non-albicans species of Candida (C) such as Candida tropicalis، C. glabrata، C، krusei، C. parapsilosis appear to be increasing in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). Increased use of the current antifungal drugs cause drug resistance among Candida species. In order to gain suitable antifungal therapy for this disease، we investigated the activity of synergism of fluconazole and terbinafine comparing with cyclopirox olamine، against non-albicans Candida species isolated from recurrent candidal vaginitis. This study was carried out on 44 strains of non-albicans Candida species that were isolated from patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Antifungal susceptibility testing of fluconazole and terbinafine alone and combination of these drugs on non- albicans species were determined by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) microdilution method (document M27-A2). The mean of MICs of fluconazole، terbinafine and cyclopirox olamine was 93. 8، 104. 7 and 18 µg/ml، respectively، after 48 hours of incubation. FICs of fluconazole in combination with terbinafine were shown ineffective and additive in 42 isolates (95. 5%)، synergism and relative-synergism were obtained in two isolates (4. 5%). Additionally، the mean of cyclopirox olamine MFCs (32 g/ml) had the most effective and the mean of terbinafine MFCs (177 g/ml) showed the lowest effectiveness on non-albicans isolates (P>0. 05). Most of isolates were resistant against fluconazole and terbinafine، and combination of these drugs did not affect clinical isolates. But cyclopirox olamine with the lowest mean of MICs and MFCs showed the highest activity in non-albicans isolates.

Today، patient satisfaction with the emergency services is considered as one of the main indices for the quality of hospital care service. The purpose of this study is to determine the rate of patient satisfaction referring to the emergency wards of hospitals affiliated to Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (HUMS). This descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was carried out from March to September 2012، using a questionnaire designed to indicate the level of patient satisfaction with medical and non-medical services provided by the hospitals affiliated to HUMS. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software using t-test and analysis of Variance. P<0. 05 was considered as significant. The results indicated that، in general، 87. 4% of the patients were satisfied with the emergency services. The highest level of satisfaction was related to nursing behavior (92. 6%)، physician attention and behavior (89%) and responsibility toward patients (88%)، whereas the lowest level directed to the quality of meals and cleanliness of the ward and sanitation services (48% and 66. 2% respectively). None of the background variables such as gender، age، marital status and occupation was statistically significant to general patient satisfaction (P>0. 05). According to the significant differences of satisfaction in hospitals across the province in terms of geographical characteristics، more attention to the planning and equitable distribution of resources can be effective in reducing dissatisfaction. Moreover، attention to the environment، welfare and emergency support will play a significant role.

There is certainly no doubt that health is one of the most important aspects of human life which as an essential condition plays social roles. The concept of lifestyle relies on the notion that individuals usually exhibit a recognizable model of behavior in their daily life. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and general health of students at Islamic Azad University of Bandar Abbas. This is a descriptive correlational study which included 764 students at Islamic Azad University of Bandar Abbas with no history of mental health disorders، chronic illness and disability before admission to the university. In this study، three questionnaires were used for the collection of data. Most of students were single. The frequency of local students (from Bandar Abbas) was more than non-local ones. Most of them were financially dependent. There was a significant relationship between sex، marital status، state of residency، and the economic situation from the view point of general health (P<0. 001). In terms of general health، there found a significant relationship between socioeconomic status، sport، smoking، nutrition، the principles of safety and stress. (P<0. 05) This study shows the necessity for the attention and emphasis on the role of increased awareness of students about improvement of lifestyle and proper behavioral models. Through the improvement of lifestyle، outbreak of diseases may be prevented. Finally، this factor should be considered as a preventive factor.

Revision of the traditional teaching methods as well as employment of modern and active learning method through educational systems is tangible. Application of such methods are quite common in different scientific areas. Therefore، performing modern educational approaches such as self-directed and long-life learning such as Guided Discovery Learning (GDL) is a step toward the student-centered strategy. This study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of two teaching methods including lecture and GDL on the learning and satisfaction of nursing students. This semi-experimental study was conducted on all nursing students (BSc. degree) at Shiraz school of nursing and midwifery (n=38). They selected «the principles and skills of nursing concepts course» for the first time. Based on demographic information، students were divided into two homogenous groups. Five 2-hour sessions of «the principles and skills of nursing concepts course» were organized with lecture method for the control group. Five 2-hour sessions of «the principles and skills of nursing concepts course» were organized with GDL method using a study guide for the case group. The satisfaction was assessed using a valid and reliable Likert scale questionnaire. Data was analyzed by t-test، paired t test، Chi-square and Man-Whitney statistical tests using SPSS 15. Although there was no significant difference between two groups learning scores، the mean score of the case group was significantly higher than control group in analysis، synthesis and evaluation cognitive levels (P<0. 001). The total satisfaction mean score and satisfaction in areas of “interest” and “encouragement to participation in learning” of the case group was significantly higher than control group (P<0. 001). The higher level of learning in higher cognitive level and the preference of the students to GDL compared to lecture indicates their attention to active more modern learning methods. Student-centered learning methods by reinforcing the sense of group participation among the students motivate them to further study and enhance learning in higher levels of cognition

Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease. At the present، about 9 million people are suffering from the disease، and about 3 million people die due to TB and its complications. Abdominal or Gastrointestinal tract TB is the sixth most frequent site of extrapulmonary involvement. Diagnosis of abdominal TB is very difficult since it appears with multiple symptoms. In this study، we describe a case of abdominal TB with rare presentation of IVC thrombosis that was evaluated for a long time without any results. Case Report: The patient was a 31-year-old woman - with history of chronic abdominal pain for 6 months - hospitalized at internal ward at Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar Abbas، Iran. Abdominal sonography and CT scan showed a 15*50 mm thrombosis in IVC. Physicians started anticoagulant therapy since they did not reach an appropriate diagnosis. After 2 to 3 months the abdominal pain was intensified and the patient was referred to a surgeon. Appendicular abscess was diagnosed and open surgery was an option for the removal of the abscess. During the surgery، the surgeon tried to drain the abscess from the preperitoneal space but، a big mass - separate from the abscess - was noted in the area. Pathological examinations of the mass showed that the cause of the problem was TB granuloma. Being treated with anti TB medication، the patient recovered. Abdominal TB entailed various symptoms making the diagnosis controversial. Hence، strong clinical suspicion is a critical factor for the diagnosis of the disease in endemic regions. PCR test of ascites is very useful. Definite diagnosis is made by biopsy of peritoneal white nodules at the time of laparoscopy or laparotomy. The disease responds well to drug therapy. Therefore، on time diagnosis saves time and money