فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 23، پاییز 1385)

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of pathologic appendicitis in patients undergoing appendectomy with a clinical and laboratory diagnosis of acute appendicitis. 200 patients including 128 males (64%) and 72 females (36%) who underwent surgery in 1383 in Be’sat Nehaja hospital were studied. The average age was 23. 8 years (from 6 to 57 years old). Average oral temperature was 37. 2 and average length of stay was 4. 3 days (from 2-16 days). 133 cases (66. 05%) had pathologic appendicitis. 94 cases (47%) were acute simple appendicitis and 39 cases (19. 5%) had complicated appendicitis. In 67 cases (33%) the appendix was normal. Among the 128 males studied 99 (77. 3%) had appendicitis; This number was 34 (47. 2%) for the 72 females. In our study leukocytosis، PMN percentage، abdominal tenderness، rebound tenderness and shifting pain were valuable parameters (P. value < 0. 01). Nausea and vomiting، anorexia، pyuria and hematuria were not valuable for diagnosis. (P. value < 0. 05).

The purpose of this study was to compare self-efficacy and locus of control among addicted and nonaddict men. Eighty addict participants were randomly selected from patients refering to Nahaja Be’sat hospital in Tehran. Eighty nonaddict participants were randomly selected from Rodehen Azad University students as controls. Participants completed the selfefficacy questioner (sherer et al، 1982)، and the Locus of control scale (Stricland، 1973). To investigate the hypotheses of this research the t-test was used. Results and Results showed that: 1-There is no difference between these two groups regarding Locus of Control. 2-There is difference between these two groups regarding selfefficacy. 3-There is no difference between single addict and nonaddict men regarding locus of control. 4-There is no difference in self efficacy in single addict & nonaddict men. 5-There is no difference in locus of control between married addict and nonaddict men. 6-There is difference between these two groups (who were married) about self-efficacy.

Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorder. 530 office workers (bank personnel) from the western part of Tehran entered our study according to simple randomized selection. People who were excluded from the study were file clerks and servants. The prevalence of low back pain was assessed using a questionnaire. The prevalence of disability was assessed by means of the “Oswestry” questionnaire. Measured variables were: age، sex، weight، height، present low back pain and its duration، previously experienced low back pain، smoking habits، use of foot and arm rests، duration of sitting، job satisfaction، seating comfort، performing a second job، and job flexibility. The prevalence of low back pain was 34. 5% percent in our study، with a mean age of 35. 01 years for men and 34. 61 years for women. The mean duration of low back pain was 4. 33 years in persons who had acute LBP (LBP in pervious month)، the mean percent of disability was 9. 02 percent for all individuals and 26. 1 percent for those who had acute LBP. Mean duration of sitting was 5. 63 hours. In this study low back pain was strongly related to age، duration of sitting، and to working history. The average of disability was significantly related to use of foot rest، feeling of comfort during sitting، history of pervious LBP and flexibility. Low back pain is prevalent among office workers in banks of Tehran. It causes significant disability and costs، although it can be easily prevented and managed through simple practical ergonomic and administrative measures. Proper body posture and joint positioning with the help of proper foot rests and well-designed work-rest cycles are the most important actions which reduce local joint stress and preserve joint integrity. These simple measures reduce the prevalence and costs of low back pain.

Antibodies are proteins with a specific structure which enables them to bind to specific antigens. Collectively know as “Immunoglobulins” (Ig). Antibodies are produced by mature B cells (plasma cell) usually in response to infection or immunization. They are used to either neutralize pathogens or to bind them preventing them from migration so that they can undergo phagocytosis، removing the threat of contracting disease. Monoclonal antibody therapy is a form of passive immunotherapy as the antibodies are made in large quantities outside the body.

Opioid dependence has recently been considered as a social issue as well as a physical disease which requires treatment on its own turn. At present there are numerous methods for opium detoxification. The fastest method is UROD. In this approach the patient undergoes general anesthesia or sedation and is detoxified using opioid antagonists during 6-8 hours. Though sometimes associated with certain unwanted side effects، this approach has been recognized as a convenient one due to advantages suck as: short time required for treatment، complete detoxification، total patient unconsciousness when painful withdrawal symptoms occur، quick recovery and return to daily activities and short interval between the last episode of opiod abuse and initiation of mainteance therapy with oral opioid antagonists. This article coveres a review of literature، indications، contraindication، methodology،side effects، advantages and disadvantages of the UROD method. Additional researches with a larger number of samples which increase the validity of the research issue will change the above mentioned approach to an ideal method of detoxification.

Problems of women in flight maybe divided into two groups: Gynecological and Obstetric. Most of these problems are related to the pregnant woman and her fetus. The process of delivery in majority of cases takes place normally and without need to medical intervention، but in certain cases، a physician or midwife can prevent unwanted events for mother and baby. Gynecological emergent cases are far less common than obstetrics ones. In critical situations where the mother and baby are at risk of death، diversion or immediately landing may become necessary. In general، Gynecological and Obstetric emergencies rarely happen during flight but physicians، nurses or any other medical specialist must answer in these cases.

We report a case of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis in a 30-yearold Iranian woman، who came to our hospital complaining of two tender masses in her right breast. Because the results of the initial aspiration cytology were considered highly suspicious for carcinoma، modified radical mastectomy was performed. However، the final histological diagnosis was granulomatous lobular mastitis with no evidence of malignancy. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare inflammatory breast disease of unknown etiology. Since the clinical manifestations are similar to those of mammary carcinoma، this condition has been misdiagnosed as carcinoma and treated as such. A review of the literature revealed that idiopathic granulomatous mastitis tends to occur in young patients with a history of childbirth or oral contraceptive use. Clinical or imaging radiologic diagnosis is often difficult. Complete resection or corticosteroid therapy can be recommended as the optimal treatment. Since 38% of patients experience recurrence، long-term follow-up is indicated.

One of the most common viral and infections is HVS infection that can mainfest as oral، genital and skin or systemic infections. Therefore awarness of flight crew and medical members about usage of Herpese medications during flight duties is important. FAA (in civil part) authorizes pilots to fly on these medication agter. At least two days of grounding once beginning the drug is required if there are no significents side effecs. Acyclovir also is available as a cream، which pilots may use and not ground themeselves. does not interfere with safe operations of an aircraft. According to Heath canadian Air Force Guidelines (in military part)، for aircrew with frequently recurring genital herpes، suppression by the administration of daily oral acyclovir، famciclovir، or valacyclovir is acceptable for cintinuing aircrew duties.