فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 34، زمستان 1388)

Ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. In recent years، atherosclerosis has been introduced as an inflammatory and immunological disease in response to vascular injury. In addition، it is proposed to be associated with the infectious diseases such as Chlamydia pneumonia. The aim of this study is to evaluate anti- Chlamydia antibody in CAD patients and normal population. In a case - control study، 80 subjects were divided into two groups based on their angiography. The data contains demographic and medical information such as age، gender، history of diabetes، hypertension، smoking status and etc. Blood samples were sent to laboratory for biochemical and immunological assessments. Antibody titers of 5urb/ml and higher was considered as positive. Anti-Chlamydia pneumonia antibody was positive in 76. 2% of study population. 90% of cases and 62. 5% of the control group had positive antibody which is statistically significant. The results indicate a positive relationship between previous Chlamydia pneumonia infection and CAD. And also it is showed that previous infection with this microorganism should be considered as a risk factor for CAD.

Having enough information about the common microorganisms، antibiotic resistance and sensitivity after different surgeries (especially neurosurgeries) leads to decrease hospitalization time، healthcare costs and achieving better results. The purpose of this study is to evaluate common microorganisms، antibiotic resistance and sensitivity in a five-year period in the neurosurgery ward of Be''sat Hospital. In this retrospective study 1246 medical records including type of surgery، date of admission، date of positive culture، microorganisms، sampling antibiotic resistance and sensitivity were analyzed by SPSS Software. Of 1246 medical records 86 (7%)، had request of culture and in 77 cases (6%)، culture was done. Positive results were seen in 40 cases (51. 9%) and negative cultures were in 37 cases (48. 1%). Of 40 positive cultures، 26 cases had antibiogram. Common microorganism were Klebsiella، Pseudomonas، Staphylococcus aureus- E. coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis respectively According to our results recommended antibiotic for five common microorganisms in this center is ceftizoxime، imipenem for Klebsiella، co-amoxiclava، tetracycline، erythromycin for Pseudomonas، ciprofloxacin and oflokxacin، are suitable for E. coli infection.

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of caries between the students of air force military bases of Ghasreh firoozeh1، Ghasreh firoozeh 2، Dooshan tappeh and the need for oral hygiene instruction and caries prevention services on these students in the year 2008-2009. Caries is one of the most common childhood diseases. One of the best indicators of prevalence is DMFTS index. This is a descriptive cross sectional study on 4666 students (2169 M، 2497F). The examination was done in the class with disposal mirrors and the data after clinical examination were analyzed with T-test and Chi- square. The mean of DMFT was (2. 7 ±3. 5). The components of D، M، F index respectively were 66. 3، 6. 3 and 26. 4. Teeth fissure sealant therapy was needed in 46. 2% of the students. 10. 7% of the students were caries free and 89. 3% of them had caries. The prevalence of caries in 6-15 years old students of military bases was higher than WHO standards in 2010. The need for oral hygiene instruction and preventive treatments seems to be necessary.

Hepatitis B virus is the cause of acute and chronic hepatitis، cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the present، the only secure way to prevent hepatitis B is vaccination، but the vaccination is not 100% affective. Considering the importance of this، the efficacy of vaccination in high risk groups and health-care workers are at risk being involved with all types of hepatitis viruses. For reduction of hepatitis B infection among hospital staff these groups should be vaccinated against HBV besides using other standards for HBV prevention. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-hepatitis B antibody among students of nurse’s aid school in Be''sat Hospital. Anti-hepatitis B antibody levels were measured using ELISA in 64 nurse’s aid students. the vaccination history of study population was unclear. 37 (57. 8%) cases were non-immune and 27 (42. 2%) cases were immune against HBV. Our results showed similarity with other studies. Several factors affected HBV immunization such as age، genetics، obesity، and smoking. This study showed that more than half of the people are non-immune. It should be noted that these people are in continuous contact with their classmates and patients so they should be evaluated for HBs antibody titer in different intervals.

Swine flu is a respiratory illness that occurs due to influenza virus type A. Pandemy of this type of virus (H1N1) occurred in March 2009 and spread in a few months. According to the public phobia، this study was accomplished about hospitalization & clinical symptoms. In this case-series study all patients with influenza symptoms in Be''sat IRIAF hospital during Nov and Dec 2009 were included. The positive cases of H1N1 were recorded. among 28 patients suspected with H1N1 influenza 18 were men (64%) and 10 were female (36%) and five Patients (17. 8%) were infected with H1N1 influenza. Also the average of hospitalization days was 4. 2±3. The results of our study indicated that the mean age of patients was low and therefore it should be paid more attention in young patients with H1N1 influenza symptoms. Hospitalizing patients with suspected H1N1 influenza plays a significant role in reducing mortality.

Biological warfare date as far back as many long years، in World War I، Germany and during Second World War Japan and the Alies Forces used these weapons to confront their enemies. Bacillus anthracis and many enterobacteriaceae (eg. Shigella Species) were used more than other microorganisms، in last years. Different Cults have used biological weapons to cause public and widespread fear and panic. Generally Pathogens divided into three Categories; A، B and C. Each microorganism which belongs to these categories has their own specific pathogenicities. Also، these weapons have vastly developed in many Countries Such as Iraq، recently. So many studied and researched microorganisms were put and fixed in many bombs، Scud missiles and rockets. Agents were used mainly were Bacillus anthracis and Smallpox because of standing out as potential major problems. Likewise، the world health organization has estimated the number of Casualties that might be produced by a hypothetical biologic warfare attack، whereas، in recent years، major effects ware implement to deal with possible incidents involving weaponized biologic agents in bioterrorism.

Following the events of September 11، 2001، the threat of another bioterrorism event has become a realistic concern for health care workers specially for nurses. Bioterrorism events caused by infectious agents will be challenging because nurses will need to recognize unfamiliar infections and work long hours with limited resources in stressful conditions. The purpose of this review is to compile the literature to date that will contribute to determine the variables that influence nurses working during a bioterrorism event. This is a review article that information is based on searching in the internet and published literature regarding to this issue. There are limitations in the research about variables that may influence nurses to work during a bioterrorism event. nurses'' response to working during a bioterrorism event is not well described. There are limited data available regarding the concerns and fears nurses have about their clinical role and working conditions during a bioterrorism event. Nurses will likely be expected to function in chaotic work environments and provide direct care to victims infected with unusual or genetically altered infectious microorganisms. The stress in these working conditions will be recognized by the nurses'' feelings of anxiety and fear for themselves and their families and give strategies to decrease them. Adequately training and preparing nurses for bioterrorism events is essential to optimize safe functioning and minimizing emotional and psychological trauma.