فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 38، پاییز و زمستان 1389)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II is believed to play a major role in the immune response to HIV، and are known to be associated with rates of progression to AIDS. This study measured the rates of variation within well-defined epitopes to determine associations with the HLA-linked exposure of disease progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between HLA and disease progression among Iranian HIV/AIDS patients in comparison with general population. In this case- control study، the role of HLA class I (A، B) and class II (DRB1، DQA1 and DQB1) alleles were investigated in 48 HIV infected Iranian patients compared with 100 healthy individuals. HLA typing was carried out by PCR amplification using sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). The primer was supplied by the standard kit. The disease progression was determined based on changes in stage of disease. Among 48 HIV infected patients and the control group a>positive association was observed with HLA- DRB1* 0301 (1. 32< OR< 7. 09، P= 0. 0037)، HLA- DQA1 * 0501 (1. 01< OR< 4. 97، P=0. 03)، HLA- DQB1 * 0201 (0. 98< OR< 3. 50 P= 0. 04) as well as a negative association with HLA- DRB1 * 1301 (0. 01< OR< 0. 98، P= 0. 022) in HIV progression. In this study، no significant association was found with the analyzed HLA-B*2701 and HLA-B* 5701 alleles in the case of HIV progression. In our study among HIV infected patients the HLA- DRB1 * 0301، HLA- DQA1 * 0501 and HLA- DQB1 * 0201 were the most important predictors for the HIV progression، whereas، HLA- DRB1 *1301 detected as strong protectors. As the results of the limitations in present study such as being small sample size، studies among a larger population would be necessary to in HIV infected patients with predisposing HLA alleles for early therapy.

The importance of attention to military forces mental health is an obvious case and supporting the mental hygiene and mental health of military forces are as important as preparing weapons، equipment and military tactics in the battle field، and it is an inevitable case. Determining of the mental health condition and its correlation between working exhaustion and the life satisfaction is the basic object of this research and a meaningful solidarity existence between mental health. The present research was correlation crosssectional study on 250 personnel of a military university. The mental health according to questionnaire SCL90، Job exhaustion according to Moslesh questionnaire SWLS، Were being examined. In this research، we used the descriptive and derived statistics methods. On the basis of the results of this study، There is a significant relation status the marriage status and extra questions، Psychosis، Phobia، aggression، anxiety، Depression، Obsessive or Compulsive and physical problems (p<0/05)، But there is not a significant relation among paranoid thoughts. Findings showed that respect to the significant level of variants، there is a significant relation among the type of degree and extra question، Psychosis، Phobia، aggression، anxiety، paranoid thoughts، in interpersonal relationship sensitivity، Depression، Obsessive or Compulsive، obligation and physical problems (p<0/001). On the basis of findings، there is meaningful relation between life satisfaction and mental health (p<0/001). mental health of the persons is related to the job burnout and their satisfaction of life.

The aim of the present study was to further evaluate، under double blind and controlled conditions، the efficacy of amantadine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents as compared to methylphenidate. this was a 6-week randomized clinical trial. Forty patients (28 boys and 12 girls) with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis ofADHD were the study population of this trial. All study subjects were randomly assigned to receive the treatment using capsule of amantadine at a dose of 100– 150 mg/day depending on weight (100 mg/day for <30 kg and 150 mg/day for >30 kg) or methylphenidate at a dose of 20–30 mg/day for a 6- week double blind، randomized clinical trial. The principal measure of outcome was the Teacher and Parent Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV. No significant differences were observed between the two groups on the Parent and Teacher Rating Scale scores (df=1; F=0. 02; p=0. 86 and df=1; F=0. 01; p=0. 89، respectively). Side effects of decreased appetite and restlessness were observed more frequently in the methylphenidate group. The results of this study indicate that amantadine significantly improved symptoms of ADHD and was well tolerated and it may be beneficial in the treatment of children with ADHD. Nevertheless، the present results do not constitute proof of efficacy.

About 60% of body weight contains water. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of drinking water in IR-AF. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study on water specimen of IRAF bases. The specimen was sent to the quality for microbial and physio-chemical control lab related to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The result was compared with the ISIRI number 1503 and 1014. Our findings indicated that total hardness، Mg، So4 and Po4 of some military bases were over the standard. Only in one base a solar desalination was used and all parameters were under the standards. It is needed to improve the quality of drinking water in some bases.

Researching laboratories as using wide range of chemical substances assign part of chemical accidents; occurring horrible accidents in laboratories of our country in recent years، show requirement to create systematic approach to health and safety hazards risk management. This research is a resolution-descriptive Study and doing for 14 researches and experiments in clinics and educationalresearch laboratories in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science. Before any assessment for variety of activities in a research center، information gathered with observation and interview، about work practice and type of chemical substances. As in experiment or research process in many cases، chemical substances use in unlike mother concentration، after calculating all chemical substances mother concentration and according to first risk phrase and physical and chemical properties of substances and second risk phrases calculated with using approved criteria for classifying hazardous substances by national occupational health and safety commission (Australian government). For quantification of risk result we use 3*3 probability – severity matrix with attention to consequence of exposure and Out come of this exposure with qualitative and quantitative assessment of control measures. This study shows 93% of exposures have moderate risk and 7% of exposures have low risks. Highest hazardous exposure related to school of public health، nerve research center and school of medicine and lowest risk was for department of immunology. This research show assessment of Occupational exposure risk to harmful chemical agents، can representation worth information about preventive and control measures.

In this article we aimed to prepare an overview on assessment of relevant cardiovascular condition in aviation applicant using current standard guidelines. This guideline evaluated the risk of ischemic heart disease and hypertension. Also، some tests are discussed including Stress ECG and stress ECHO cardiography in aviation applicant.

In this article we aimed to prepare an overview of neurology in aviation using current standard guidelines. These guidelines cover a range of neurological conditions such as: headache، seizures degeneration diseases، and peripheral neuropathy. Also، the role of routine neurophysiologic testing is discussed.

Nowadays، millions people travel by air every day and it is common to find pregnant women among the Passengers. Traveling during pregnancy raises the question of the women''s safety during the flight. This is due to the risk of exposure to cosmic radiation، the drop in air pressure، and the possibility of thrombosis due to seating conditions and flight duration. Other risks include obstetric emergencies، such as hemorrhage، premature contractions and actual Labor Further issues associated with air travel during pregnancy have to do with the safety of pregnant aircrew. Here we discuss the different aspects of common Problems of air flights for pregnant women.

During the spring of 2009، a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus of swine origin caused human infection and acute respiratory illness in Mexico. After initially spreading among persons in the United States and Canada the virus spread globally، resulting in the first influenza pandemic since1968 with circulation outside the usual influenza season in the Northern Hemisphere. As of March 2010، almost all countries had reported cases، and more than 17،700 deaths among laboratory-confirmed cases had been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). The number of laboratory-confirmed cases significantly underestimates the pandemic’s impact. In the United States، an estimated 59 million illnesses، 265،000 hospitalizations، and 12،000 deaths had been caused by the 2009 H1N1 virus as of mid-February 2010. This article reviews virologic، epidemiologic، and clinical data on 2009 H1N1 virus infections and compiles guidelines for air transport، and outlines some measures to be taken by aircraft operators، airport operators airport personnel، crew members and national authorities.

The most common presentation of salivary gland disease is the complaint of dry mouth. Since saliva has various effects on oral cavity، xerostomia can develop many problems. Several factors contribute to xerostomia، and it is important to recognize these causes for the best management of xerostomia. Treatment that is available for the dry mouth patient is divided into five main categories: (1) preventive therapy، (2) symptomatic (palliative) treatment، (3) local or topical salivary stimulation، (4) systemic salivary stimulation، and (5) therapy directed at an underlying systemic disorder. Based on the current literature and clinical practice، the overall management strategy for xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction should include a combination of supplemental fluoride، topical palliative agents، and a secretogogue.