فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال شانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 48، پاییز 1393)

Military service is a critical period in life of youth. In this period، exposure to anxiety factors causes to increase psycho-social context formation such as suicidal thoughts and drug abuse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suicidal thoughts based on drug abuse and social support variables among soldiers of AJA University of Medical Sciences. In this correlation-based structural modeling study، 176 soldiers were selected using stratified random sampling. The data were gathered by three questionnaires including social support scale، beck scale for suicide ideation، and possibility of substance abuse scale. Totally، 28. 4% of the studied individual were at high risk for suicidal thoughts (score above 10). There was inverse correlation between social support and social ideation (P<0. 05). The structural model showed that 69% of the overall variance of suicidal ideation was attributed to social support and substance abuse. According to results، it can be concluded that the risk of suicidal is relatively high in soldiers of the AJA University of Medical Sciences; this requires serious action by the authorities and other relevant organizations in order to improve the psychosocial health of soldiers.

In two experiments, two groups (pilots and non-pilots) were compared to assess the effect of pre-learning and career on the accuracy of distance estimation in virtual environment. Ten pilots and ten non-pilots were involved in this study. In the first experiment, the distance estimation error of two groups was assessed when looking from up to down versus looking from down to up. In the second experiment, distance estimation error was evaluated in photopic versus mesopic lighting conditions. All measures obtained in three distances: 2.8 m, 10.35 m and 14.39m. In up to down looking, pilots group had lower errors than non-pilots. The value of error estimation was significantly higher in mesopic lighting conditions compere to photopic conditions. In general, the distances estimation in virtual environment had no significant differences between pilots and non-pilots.

Increasing development of nuclear technologies and the importance of outbreaking possible accidents based on atomic radiations lead to more readiness and knowledge of health centers, especially military ones. So, the study aimed to measure the awareness of military hospitals medical staffs in exposure to nuclear accidents before any plan to improve future strategies. The study is descriptive – cross sectional and is performed at 6 selected military hospitals on 120 medical staffs. A questionnaire with 18 questions was used for data collection after confirming the validity and reliability. Totally, %47.2 of participants was female and %52.8 was male. The mean age was 41.1±12.5 years and the average of service duration was 14.5 years. The average score of all groups in three domains was 13.55 of 36. The mean scores obtained by general practitioners, specialists, emergency experts and nuclear technicians, and nurses were 16.1, 14.7, 12.7, and 11.9, respectively. Concerning the point that all groups in three fields could not obtain even the half of complete score, planned retraining courses for current medical staffs seems to be necessary.

Exercise could change the immune system. It is illustrated that abnormal environments are the primary source of physiological stresses which can disarrange the function of immune system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high volume exercise (HVE) in hypoxia and normoxia conduction on the immune system response in selected inactive men. In this study, eighth inactive young men (age 25.50±5 years, height 174±5.4 cm, weight 62 ±4.5 kg, and maximum work output in hypoxia conduction 159±13.41 and in normoxia conduction 171±8.21) were selected as subjects. Subjects performed protocol of high-endurance exercise in normobaric hypoxia conduction (15.3%-15.5% O2, an altitude of approximately 2500 m) and normoxia in two separate weeks. Blood samples was taken immediately before and two hours after exercise. The results of ANOVA method (repeated measures) was explained that environmental conditions can’t cause significant differences in the number of white blood cells. But other hematology variables have been significantly changed, in neutrophil levels (P=0.013), lymphocytes (P=0.001), platelets (P=0.012), and hematocrit (P=0.037). When variations between groups was evaluated, it was shown that only white blood cells had a significant change in both conditions, but the other variables have significant changes only in hypoxic condition. Our results showed that endurance exercise in 2500 m height has drastic effect on immune system factors and this situation was obviously dominant in hypoxia versus normoxia conduction.

Although the tourniquet has been using for hemostasis for the long time, liver dysfunctions following ischemia-reperfusion injuries are common. Tramadol hydrochloride is an opioid drug that decreases the inflammatory response. In this study, the effect of this drug on the liver following ischemia-reperfusion injuries of hind limb in the rat was evaluated. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups with fifteen rats in each group. Ischemia-reperfusion condition has been formed through blocking the femoral artery for two hours occlusion and 24 hours reperfusion. An ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R) did not receive the drug, while the treatment group received the drug (20mg/kg) intravenously, immediately after reperfusion. In I/R group the level of both alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly increased compered to treatment group (P<0.05). Also, histopathological damage in liver tissue was significantly increased in I/R group compered to treatment group (P<0.05). Tramadol hydrochloride has liver protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injuries which could use it to alleviate the ischemia-reperfusion injuries causing by tourniquet.

Diabetic neuropathy is the most common micro-vascular complications of diabetes. The drugs including gabapentin and duloxetine are often used for the treatment of pain associated with diabetic neuropathy. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of duloxetine and gabapentin in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Totally, 34 patients aged 40 to 70 with diabetic neuropathy were randomly divided into two groups treated with duloxetine and gabapentin and received medical treatment for 45 days. Patients were evaluated for pain before and after treatment using visual analog scale, and also their serum glucose and zinc levels were measured. In both groups statistically significant reduction in mean blood glucose, pain scale, as well as an increase in serum zinc levels at the end of the study was observed compared to baseline. There was no significant difference between the two groups for the mean decrease in blood sugar, but the increase in duloxetine group showed significant improvement compared to gabapentin in increase serum zinc levels and reducing pain. The use of duloxetine in patients with diabetic neuropathic pain is more effective than gabapentin because duloxetine causes a better increase in the serum zinc. Due to the high price of duloxetine in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, gabapentin administration can be recommended during the first phase of disease and duloxetine can be used in poor and/or insufficient response.

In recent years, infrared thermography tools are used for viral disease detection. However, no study has been to evaluate the value of this device. The current study was designed to review the effectiveness of infrared thermography technique for diagnosis of viral diseases in international airports.

This study was conducted as a systematic review. All of the relevant databases, bibliography of related papers, and companies’ websites were searched using appropriate search strategies and keywords.

Totally, 121 papers were recovered in total using different databases and search techniques. Considering the research selection criteria, 13 papers were recognized as suitable.

The results showed that although infrared thermography is a safe, rapid and cheap technique in screening and diagnosis of different diseases, current studies do not show any acceptable diagnostic value compared to other diagnostic techniques. It is recommended to use the infrared thermography as a complementary technique.