فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال بیستم شماره 3 (پیاپی 64، پاییز 1397)

Cardiac troponin I and T (cTnI and cTnC) are regulatory proteins that encounter in myocardial contraction and are specific sensitive markers of cardiac cell necrosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of continues and high-intensity training (HIIT) on cTnT and cTnI gene expression in the cardiac tissue of male Wistar rats. In this experimental study, 18 Wistar rats with body weight average 263±12 gr were studied for eight weeks in three groups: control, continuous endurance training (CET) (five sessions per week at 70% max speed) and HIIT (three sessions per week at intensity of 90 to 110% max speed) under standard conditions. Expression of cTnT and cTnI genes were assessed by Real time-PCR and the quantification of expression levels was analyzed by the 2-ΔΔct formula and one-way ANOVA statistical method with the significance level of p≤0.05. There were significant differences in the mean expression of cTnT between control group and both CET (p=0.001) and HIT (p=0.001) groups. The expression of cTnT was higher in HIIT than endurance training group (p=0.021). The results also showed that there was no significant difference in the mean of cTnI expression between different groups (p=0.523). According to the findings, it seems that eight weeks of HIIT and CET can decrease the expression of cTnT which could be a result of reduction of hemodynamic and physiological pressures on the heart. These changes may be accompanied by reduction of heart damage

Changing the life style is the most successful way for prevention and treatment of type II diabetes and negative energy balance is one of its methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of calorie restriction alone and in combination with aerobic exercise on Vaspin and Interlukine-6 (IL-6) in type II diabetic male rats. In an experimental study, 56 male Wistar rats (age: 10 weeks) were randomly classified into seven groups including one healthy control and six diabetic groups as control, aerobic exercise, standard diet, low carb diet, standard diet plus aerobic exercise, and low-carb diet plus aerobic exercise. Twenty percent of negative energy balance was carried out on a daily basis on all groups for eight weeks. Blood samples were collected at the end of protocol and adipokines were analyzed by ELISA method. The results showed that Vaspin levels in diabetic control group were significantly decreased in contrast to healthy control group (p≤0.05). Aerobic exercise in combination with low-carb diet and standard diet also caused a significant increase in the Vaspin level compared to diabetic control group. Also, the results showed that induction of diabetes significantly increased the level of IL-6 compared to healthy control group. However, there was no significant difference in the level of IL-6 between the experimental groups and diabetic control group. This study showed that combination of aerobic exercise with low-carb diet and standard diet can increase pro-Inflammatory adipokines (Vaspin) but does not significantly affect anti-Inflammatory adipokines (IL-6) level

  High-intensity interval training (HIIT), compared with continuous training, can result in relatively more improvement in max exercise capacity, mitochondrial enzymes, and other cellular factors involved in energy metabolism. So the present study was aimed to examine the effect of six weeks of HIIT on the insulin resistance index, HOMA-beta cell, and atherogenic index among overweight men. The participants included 24 overweight men that classified into interval training and control groups. The participants became familiar with the laboratory environment in several sessions, and blood sampling along with the measurement of height, weight, body composition, and maximal oxygen consumption was performed. Fasting blood samples were collected from the participants’ brachial artery in order to measure their glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL before HIIT and 48 hours after training. The results indicated significant changes in insulin, insulin resistance, and beta cell function index, however, glucose, lipid profile, and atherogenic index did not show any significant changes. Although the HIIT exercises are performed during a short period of time, they feature the same beneficial effects as those of aerobic exercises and other forms of training that take relatively longer time. It could, therefore, be said that such exercises could help inactive and overweight people to improve their insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of diseases related to lipid profile, glucose, insulin, and high fat percentage. Therefore, it is suggested that overweight people, and even healthy people, benefit from this type of training

Quiet eye is one of the cognitive factors that it affects shooting function. The aim of present study was to examine the effects of attention focus on quiet eye characteristics in military elite shooters. In this semi-experimental study, 10 elite male military shooters (30-42 years old) with at least 10 years of experience in professional shooting, were selected as available samples and performed shooting under two conditions of internal (focus on forearm, elbow angle, wrists and fingers) and external focus (focus on Seibel) in a counter balance design. In each condition, 20 trails were conducted, each lasted 20 seconds. Quiet eye characteristics were recorded by eye tracking equipment and analyzed by paired repeated measures ANOVA method. Our findings showed that the quiet eye onset was earlier and quiet eye period and offset were longer under external focus of attention (p≤0.001). Research findings supports constraint action hypothesis and Prinz’s theory of common coding and confirmed the benefits of external focus of attention for skilled athletes and emphasized its importance on improving quiet eye characteristics. According to results of the study, it can be suggested to coaches and military shooters to improve the quiet eye characteristics by using external focus of attention instructions

Nurses are among those who are stressed due to their high sensitivity job in the workplace. In addition, stress is associated with self-handicapping. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the perceived stress and self-handicapping of nurses in various work shifts. Participants of this causal-comparative study were 72 nurses (32 morning shifts and 40 evening and night shifts) in one of hospitals in Tehran city during 2016-2017 that were selected by available sampling process. Determination of sample size was performed using Cochran’s formula. One-way analysis of variance was used to assess the difference between the three shifts. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the three groups in perceived stress. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference between the three groups of nurses (p=0.001), so that in the claimed self-handicapping, the means of alteration changed from low- to high- values respectively in the morning to night shifts and, reversely, it was from high- to low- values in behavioral self-handicapping. Perceived stress among nurses seems to be high due to the sensitivity of this work. In the context of self-handicapping, as the nurses should be decision-makers due to reduced access to specialists at nights, this feature is bolder.

The protein encoded by argonaute 2 gene (AGO2) plays a critical role in micro-RNA biogenesis and processing pathway. AGO2 gene may have an onco-miR or tumor suppressor-miR role in tumor genesis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate AGO2 gene expression changes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

In this case-control study, we have analyzed 100 CRC tissue samples (50 cancerous and 50 adjacent non-cancer tissues) in patients with colon cancer who had admitted to Shahid Mahallati and Imam Reza Hospitals in Tabriz city during 2015 to 2016. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized and then AGO2 expression changes were evaluated using Real Time-PCR method by 2-ΔΔCT. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and paired t-test.

Our findings showed a significant difference in AGO2 gene expression between cancerous and adjacent non-cancer tissues (p=0.033), which was associated with an increase in expression level of AGO2 gene.

Our findings showed that increased levels of AGO2 expression may play a significant role in the development of CRC and can be used as a diagnostic biomarker in CRC patients

The packaging process is an essential in maintaining organoleptic, nutritional and sanitary properties of foods from production to consumption. The accumulation of materials which cannot be separated, especially the remains of various types of packaging materials in nature, has led to the use of biodegradable polymers in recent years, and the scientific significance of nanocomposites which increase due to their improved properties. polymer based nanocomposites are extensively used in modern technologies due to the advantages of advanced mechanical properties, thermal properties, impermeability properties, corrosion resistance and low cost. In the current study, we review the types of packaging compounds and applied nanofilters that are new generation of ready-to-eat food packaging in order to take advantage of the features of this system to maintain the quality of individual diets that are inevitable.

In recent years, the expansion of soft war dimensions has exacerbated the destructive cultural and social effects on the behavior of people and the soft war aims to change the religious, cultural, indigenous and national identity of the people. This study has investigated the relationship between national, social and cultural identity and impressionability of soft war based on personality traits and religious orientation. The present research is descriptive-correlational study. The Scale of evaluating the soft war psychological vulnerability, national identity, social identity and cultural identity Questionnaire, Five-factor model of personality and religious orientation were distributed among the participants to respond. Results indicated that there is a relationship between identity dimensions and impressionability of soft war, so that there was a negative correlation between cultural, social and national identity with dimensions of the soft war. Also assessment of the relationship between personality traits with impressionability of soft war showed a negative correlation between five-factor model of personality and dimensions of soft war, however, only the correlation between conscientious and cultural dimension of soft war was significant (p<0.05). It seems that identity and religious orientation variables compared with the dimensions of personality play a greater role in identifying and predicting the impressionability of the soft war.