مجله پژوهش های تعلیم و تربیت اسلامی
پیاپی 5 (پاییز و زمستان 1388)

The position of Imam Reza is significant in terms of his scholastic and practical life. His traditions and sayings are quoted by both Islamic sects. Although despite this, it is the Shiite who mostly used them. In this article the Aim is to clarify the influence of Imam Reza’s saying and traditions on the Sunni commentaries of the Quran and shows how much the Sunni commentaries were familiar with Imam Reza’s traditions. The article was written using library method and for this aim search was done in Ah el-beit soft ware and Sunni commentaries. At the end it is shown that the Sunni’s use of the Imam’s traditions was not done properly and soundly. Moreover a study was done on the origin of Sunni commentaries documentations in Shiite and Sunni Sources.

Error in contracts, as one of the defects of will, is one of the cases which have specially been considered in modern law. But in jurisprudence sources, despite the consideration given to it in various chapters of jurisprudence, a concrete and independent discussion on it is not found. In this study attempt has been made to analyze and discuss error and its effect on contracts according to law and juridical law. This discussion comes to conclusion with the results that error causes as: invalidate, termination of the transaction (Cucumber Right), and without t effect

Search and investigation and difficulty of the concept of creation of the sky and the earth and their number and form and color and their impact over each other have always been discussed over. Although huge scientific progress and man’s ability in utilizing knowledge and technology has led to uncovering some aspects of the maze of creation, but it cannot be the cause to impose these uncertain natural results upon verses of the holy Quran and the traditions of the holy Imams. This paper tends to raise the following questions and propose the replies in accordance to the verses of Quran and traditions of Imams.What views exist about the concept of the Seven Heavens and are the words sky and heaven [being conceptual translations of “sama” and “samavat”] considered the same in Quran? What do they mean by the Seven Heavens in Quran and Nahjol Balaghe? How are they named in the book The Whole Nahjol Balaghe? What color are they in the words of Imam Ali? And does the concept of the Seven Heavens, which is derived from the verses of Quran and words of Imam Ali, match the theory of fourth dimension? As the conclusion, we can extract from the verses of Quran and words of Imam Ali that the sky, which is one of the Seven Heavens, consists of the whole world of the static and the dynamic. All that is seen and we have observed is the first of the Seven and the other six are universes which are different from these planets. All of them are material existences although they are very soft, since that which is abstract has no physical place.

A lot have been said about the use of “narrative means “in the ahadith of the Fourteen impeccable ones (Ma-soomin)in different books of hadith. Such discussions can be found in the period when formal publication of ahadith did not exist and collections which are remained to the present time. This study tries to elaborate on the following issues. Firstly: narrative means was a temporary discourse. In other words, it was a prescribed method employed in the first centuries at a special juncture. Secondly: In case of discovering such narratives with similar sense, efforts be done to control the increase of repeated ahadith with same constructions. As a result there will be many advantages like a deep understanding and comprehention of ahadith, percentage of more confirmed ahdith, decrease of the range of documents and narrative texts, recognition of objective ahadith.

This article reflects the viewpoint of some of the popular idealist philosophers regarding "the range of epistemology" of human toward the world and himself. All of them believe that man is able to recognize the world, but the amount of this capability varies in different people. They believe that a reliable recognition is only achievable through wisdom. However, they disagree about the epistemological method. Some emphasize the applying of dialectic method. While others believe in mathematics, philosophical historical or self attempt methods. Regarding the theory of the range of epistemology of idealism, little information, about the epistemological ability of Man, has been gained. A vast number of epistemological knowledge about the world is attainable gradually in the future. Consequently, form this point of view man gradually takes steps to recognize the world.

The necessity of understanding and, not only getting acquainted with, the life, activities, and ahadith of each one of Imams is essential and an obligation, as emphasized by our religious books. All of these indicate a deep understanding based on the true principals of Islamic belief about innocent Imams, because otherwise we cannot see the truth as prophet (p.b.u.h) has said, we are misled and drowned. One of the Imams who has been studied in this research is Imam Hadi (p.b.u.h). With a deep and through investigation in the history text, we find clearly that innocent Imams had always been tormented and tortured by cruel Caliphs, as the time of birth of Imam Mahdi (p.b.u.h)approached such pressures and operations on Imams increased to the extent that Imam Hadi, his reverend father, and his children spent most of their lives under sever controls of Caliphs, or been imprisoned in specific palaces. This not only caused the fewness of Ahadith, but also limited the association between Imam Hadi and his reverend father with Shiite. Anyway, in such conditions that results in fewness of Ahadith, almost the understanding of that specific periods becomes difficult. That is why only lesser than one hundred hadith is remained of Imam Hadi. In this study the effort has been done to survey different dimensions of Imam hadi’s life, and specially the date of his hadith

One of the basic debates in philosophical –theological discourses in different religions and schools is the question of ‘’EVIL”. Philosophy of Origin, whether in Greek tradition or Islamic fields and throughout elevated wisdom of theology, has extensively tried to remove this doubt. The basic argument of this answer is, the theory of the nihilism of evil. But the writer believes the philosophers answer based on nihilism of evil is challenged by many criticisms. This study briefly presents the philosophers answer to above mentioned question and proceeds in presenting criticism and their faults.

The mental existence and the knowledge in some of carnal affairs are communion.The difference between problem of mental existence and subject of knowledge is a specific discussion. Therefore, the mental existence is set in soul and is called the shadowy existence. Sadra tried to detach in some way the problem of mental existence from knowledge and made an effort to determine domain of each one of them in his books. He in his book “Asfar’’ set forth for discussion mental existence in general concepts and knowledge in the tenth stage of volume three of ‘Asfar’.He considered mental existence as shadow of knowledge. Sadra holds that knowledge is an aspect of existence by which mental existence is produced. There is a substantial difference between knowledge and mental existence. Knowledge, therefore, is essential existence but the mental existence as shadowy one, in other words, the former is an independent and the latter is a dependent existence. Consequently, every one of them is independently discussed in philosophy and their difference is based on different existence related to them not based on mental consideration and aspect. Knowledge is a kind of and on level of speculative reason and is in nature sort of existence which is set in soul like other spiritual qualities such as piety, Courage…, etc. Which are considered as virtues of Practical reason.

In the current study, conducted with document analysis method and library studies, researcher has first expressed the generalities and definitions and has described the meaning of comparative surveys and studies and using research tools mainly taking notes, has reviewed the methodological literature in management and the available backgrounds, and the fact that from whatever angle we view methodology we confront with human mind, nature and ideology and ontology. In this research, the researcher has referred to the ideas of philosophies before and after Christ, and has mentioned in Islamic philosophy theory and has summarized 15 methods. At last the researcher has compared the above method with the desired methods in Islamic management in addition to analysis of above mentioned methodologies, relying on verses of Koran and especially the order and commands of Imam Ali (p.b.u.h), with mentioning a sample of the above methodologies the researcher has concluded. It is necessary to state that the researcher, using 3 deductive methodology and inductive methodology and using keywords, has clarified his methodology.

Although each body organ of the man has a decisive role in his or her final salvation and adversity, some of the organs like tongue, eyes, ears and the brain, etc. are especially sensitive in this respect. Among all, the tongue being a small organ of man's body is so decisive that it is said: the belief and infidelity, fortune and misfortune, honor and dishonor, and virtue and defect are all due to the virtue and defect of the tongue and perpetual control over this organ is one of the requisites of virtue and evolutionary movement towards Allah, having an effective role in purification of the mirror of the heart.This study tries to elaborate on the stature of the tongue and its calamities, different kinds of silence and its preference before speech along with the losses of delirium according to the outlook of the Quranic verses and the prophetic tradition

The collaboration of Iranian civilization and Islamic civilization is a constructive and mutual one. Iran was one of the greatest and most influential civilizations of the world at the advent of Islam. When Islam was yet only a religion or belief, Iranian with their ancient culture and civilization, by embracing Islam with a great enthusiasm contribution to the construction, development, and flourishing of Islamic civilization. Therefore, within a short period a civilization called “Islamic Civilization” formed, which had plan for every aspects of life of Islamic nations, political, social, economical, military, and cultural. In other word, Iranian with the help of their cultural background got illumination of Islamic teachings and reached such a great achievement. That is why Islamic civilization is indebted to Iranian civilization more than any other civilization. Development of sciences as rational sciences like philosophy, music, mathematics, and medicine and other disciplines such as art and architecture in pre Islamic Iran, and Islamic teachings and its emphasis on learning sciences led to the speedy growth and development of Islamic civilization and become one of the most important human civilizations, in a way that it has played the greatest role in constructing the world civilization. Iranian were not only the pioneer in their ancient sciences, but also have been splendid in Islamic science, in such a manner that most of the commentators, historians, and Muhadethin of the Islamic world are Iranian.