فصلنامه زیست شناسی تکوینی
سال هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 30، بهار 1395)

Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant agent prescribed for treating cardio-vascular disorder. It reduces the synthesis of vitamin K- dependent factors. As it can easily pass through the placenta, have unwilling effects on embryo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of warfarin on the brain development of rat's offspring. In this study, 30 pregnant wistar rats were randomly divided in 5 groups, control, receiving normal saline, and receiving warfarin in doses at 0.25, 0.5, 0.65 ml/kg during days 14 – 18 of gestation by gavages. 40 days after birth, 6 male newborn were randomly selected in each groups. After anesthesia, serial cross sections of the left hemisphere of the brain were prepared and histological studies were done. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test... .

Aluminum is a trivalent metal which due to its abundance in the earth's crust is one of the major environmental problems.Cation Al3 in acidic soils is a key factor in the decline of agricultural production. Abundance of Al in water, air and soil around us results in its uptake and accumulation in the body. Aluminum consumption in the form of antacids and drugs with aluminum hydroxide, Al presence in drinking water and food consumption for baking powder or cheeses is very common. On the other hand may also cause diseases such as Alzheimers, osteoporosis, calcium deficiency, acute neurological disease, anemia, headache, decreased kidney function and bladder, slurred speech and loss of memory. Identifying plants bearing the ability to absorb high amounts of Al and continuous growth without toxicity can be considered as an effective step in refining the soil and water from this element. The aim of this study is the investigation on the Al uptake capacity of Lisianthus aluminum in a hydroponic system. For this purpose, Lisianthus seedlings in hydroponic culture were treated with 400, 600, 800 and 1200 µM of Al for 10 days. The results showed no significant increase in superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide as an indicator of stress in the roots. As well as the punctual increase iron regenerative power (FRAP) in the group treated with aluminum compared to the control group suggesting a high antioxidant power Lisianthus against aluminum. . The results suggest that Lisianthus can be used to reduce the concentration of Al in the environment.

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting compound largely used in plastic and paper industry, can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing oxidative stress in many organs including kidney [1,2].The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Ginger extract (GE) on kidney tissue and some serum biochemical parameters against toxicity induced with BPA. Adult male NMRI mice with mean body weight 32±3 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6): Control, BPA (240mg/kg/day), GE (500ml/kg/day) and BPA GE. Oral treatment was performed till 34 days. At the end of treatments, Body and left kidney weight were recorded. After fixation the tissue, tissue sections were prepared and stained with Haiden Han Azan method and studied stereological to evaluate the volume of kidney, cortex and medulla, renal tubules, renal corpuscle and its components. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine and urea levels were also measured. Data were analyzed with One Way ANOVA test. P

Zinc is one of the essential micronutrients for the normal growth and development of plants, as it is known to be required in several metabolic processes but the presence of Zinc at higher concentrations especiallyinacid soils, is limiting factor for plant growth. To evaluate the impact of Zinc on growth and physiological characteristics of bean plants, concentrations of 30, 40 and 50 (µM) Zn(No3)2 were used in the hydroponic media.The results showed that the treatments had significant effects on the growth and physiological parameters so that the rate of germination, root length, shoot length, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, SLW and LWR significantly decreased and LAR and LWCA significantly increased with increasing of Zn concentration and also Zn had no significant effect on SLA on the plants. According to the Duncan analysis, presence of Zn in the nutrient medium caused to increase chlorophyll content and soluble sugars significantly butinsoluble sugars exhibited decreasing.The presence of heavy metals in the rhizosphere and influx them to plant make reduce growth and cause to irregularity in cells metabolism,thus Zn might be affected the important processes such as water transporting, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, photosynthesis and chlorophyll content.

In botanical science developmental and embryological studies are especially important. In this research, developmental stages of pollen grains and ovules were studied in an Origanum genuse, Origanum vulgare. The flower and buds in different developmental stages were removed, fixed in F.A.A, stored in 70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin and sliced with a microtome. Staining was done with Hematoxilin and Eosin. The prepared slided from different developmental stages were studied carefully using a light microscope. The results showed that ovaries were hypogyny type and have four loccules with axile type of placentation. In every locules one ovule, and in embryo sac globular, heart shape, torpedo and cotyledonary embryo were observed. In the anther wall four layers were observed: epiderm, middle layer, mechanical layer and tapetum (from outer to inner layer). In the early stage of pollen development, tapetum was secretory layer then in the late pollen developmental stages becom plasmodium. Tetrads were tetrahedral type. Mature Pollen grains in equatorial view were elongated, elliptic to rectangular-obtuse, and in polar view they were spheroidal, hexahedron-obtuse or hexahedron. The pollen grains were 6-pericolpate that stretches along the equatorial face and narrowing at the poles. The ornamentation of exine surface was reticulate-faveolate. The P/E ratio (Polar axis/Equatorial axis) was 1.13.

Therapeutic effects of Hyoscyamus genus are attributed to its obtained different tropan alkaloids. Regarding these rare medicinal herbal species, tissue culture is of almost importance, as, it is possible to obtain optimal volumes of suitable secondary metabolite- producing-tissues with alteration in their culture media. Present study, H.arachnoideus Pojark, was investigated. Three types of explants (leaf, root, and hypocotyls) derived from seedlings, were cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.75% (w/v) agar. We investigated the effect of two types of carbon sources (sucrose and monitol) on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and 0.75% (w/v) agar in two explants types ( leaf and root) of H.arachnoideus with four concentration levels of auxin naphthalene acetic acid(0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg/l), in compare with Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.75% (w/v) agar as control, In order to determine callus biomass and total alkaloid content. Our findings revealed the bilateral role of sucrose both as nutrient source and osmotic regulator factor, and also showed the positive effect of sucrose on callus biomass and total alkaloid content.

Protamines are DNA-binding proteins in the sperm nucleus, which cause differentiation of human spermatogenesis. Protamines required for packaging nucleus sperm by replacement of histones with protamines. Sperm protamine deficiency has been associated with spermatogenesis failed and caused male infertility. In this study association of four SNPs in TNP2 gene were studied in Iranian idiopathic infertile men with azoospermia or oligospermia. Analysis of four SNPs include T1019G, G1272C¡ G deletion at 1036 and 1046 in TNP2 gene was performed by DNA extraction from blood samples of 96 idiopathic infertile men with azoospermia or oligospermia and 100 normal control men. Then using restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for detection of T1019G and G1272C, SNPs and for identification of G deletion at 1036 and 1046 used Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (PCR- SSCP). Results were confirmed by DNA sequencing analysis. For (G1272C) in TNP2 gene, frequency of CC genotype was differented in fertile and infertile groups but statistical analysis showed no significant association related to this SNP in case and control groups. As also no polymorphisms were found for T1019G and G deletion at 1036 and 1046 nt. These results are consistent with previous studies and indicating that four tested SNPs was not associated with oligospermia and azospermia and idiopatic male infertility in Iranian population.