فصلنامه زیست شناسی تکوینی
سال نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 36، پاییز 1396)

Breast Cancer is the most common cancer in the Iranian women. Essential oil of Thymus is containing anticancer compounds including thymol. The aim if this research was studding the effect of thymus essential oil on the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using MTT and Trypan blue methods, and comparing of its effect with taxol as a well-known anticancer agent. In this research, MCF-7 and Hu-02 cell lines were porched from IBRC institute. The cells were treated by different concentrations of Thymus essential oil and taxol in the times of 24, 48 and 72 hours. The cytotoxicity of the treatments was measured by means of MTT and trypan blue staining. Results showed that Thymus essential oil had cytotoxic effect, in different doses, on the MCF-7 cell line. The highest cytotoxic effect was measured in the group treated by 125 μg/ml of Thymus essential oil. The Thymus essential did not show any cytotoxic effect on the cells of HU-02. Results were also showed that the essential oil can increase the cytotoxicity effect of Taxol on the cancer cell line, thus it seems that is effective in breast cancer therapy; probably, it causes to cell death by apoptosis induction.

Background and Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is an annual plant belonging to the Chenopodiace family, whose cultivation history reaches two thousand years in Iran. The idea of this study was to investigate changes in the structure of spinach plant anatomy in the dense part of the contaminated air Arak city.
Analysis Spinach seed samples simultaneously in two groups of control and treated, In two parts with clean air (Haftadgholeh Arak National Park )and condensation(Iralko Park Aluminum Factory) from air pollution in the city were planted. After growing Cotyledons leaves and Original leaves , the plant specimens were fixed in Alcohol -Gycerin solution . After sectioning and double coloring with Methylene blue and Zaghic Carmen, specimens were photographed by Photomicroscope then anatomical structure Changes were studied.
Result and The changes in the anatomical structure of leaves of spinach showed that in samples that were grown in the dense portion of the city Compared to the control samples, had thicker cuticle and the structure of protective trichomes were abundant. Chlorenchyma have been irregular and stored parenchyma were full of Calcium oxalate crystal deposition.
Finally, we can conclude that Plant samples of the air polluted city were stressed by air pollution which is likely have adversed effects on the quality of plant food.

An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that polyphenols, compounds frequently occurring in many herbs with antioxidant properties, prevent amyloid fibril formation. However, the mechanisms by which these natural molecules modulate the protein aggregation process are poorly understood. Silybum Marianum is one of the medicinal plants with a wide range of health benefits. Silymarin, extract of the seeds of Silybum Marianum, contains a mixture of flavonolignans and a flavonoid. In the present study, using a range of techniques including Thioflavin T and Nile red fluorescence assays, Congo red binding assay, Circular Dichroism spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy the efficacy of Silymarin on the inhibition of Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) fibril formation was investigated. Obtained results demonstrated that Silymarin effectively inhibits fibrillogenesis of HEWL in a concentration-dependent manner. AFM images indicated typical fibrillation in the control solutions, while in samples incubated in the presence of Silymarin extensive inhibition of HEWL fibrillation and amorphous aggregates formation was observed. Based on obtained results, we suggest that preventing of hydrophobic interactions between HEWL amyloidogenic prefibrillar species is the mechanism by which Silymarin inhibits amyloid fibril formation by HEWL. However, additional studies are needed to elucidate the detailed mechanisms involved.

Pix as a synthetic growth regulator is considered as an important management tools to reduce stress damage in modern agriculture in Cotton seed. In the present study, the effects of growth regulators Mepiquat Chloride (Pix) was investigated on the Growth characteristics Of the new cultivars of cotton to salinity stress.The experiment was done in a completely randomized design enriched with 10 gr.L-1 Pix and sodium chloride concentration of 15 ds.m-1 in pot experiment with three Cultivars including Latif, Kashmar and the Sahel. The indicated that growth parameters, including length and fresh and dry weight root had a significant decrease in salinity (p≤0.05) while using pix significantly increase this indicators. Salinity reduces length, fresh and dry weight shoot cotton and use of pix length shoot The amount was higher reduced. Salinity reduced leaf area and fresh and dry weight of leaf cotton. Using pix reduced greater amount of leaf area. Using Pix lead to significant increase in the fresh and dry weight in Kashmar cultivar compared to other cultivars and the leaf area reduction improved with increasing fresh and dry matter. Salinity reduced chlorophyll a,b and magnesium leaf cotton and Using Pix lead to significant increase in the chlorophyll a and b and magnesium leaf.

In the present study, the first early physiological responses of the green micro algae Haematococcus pluvialis during infection by chytrid Paraphysoderma sedebokerensis was studied. To this end, the palmeloid form of Haematococcus pluvialis was cultivated for two days in three media including the medium infected with chytrid (chyt) and the culture of chytrid infected (IBS) and uncontaminated (HBS) cells. Then, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, extracellular peroxide, and free intracellular enzymes were determined by UV/Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC techniques. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in the chytrid infected cells after 24, 24, and 48 h was 2.3, 6.7, and 2.6 times higher those of control. These values for the cells cultivated with the infected media after 12, 12, and 36 h was found to be 2.1, 2.5, and 2.6 times higher than control. The extracellular peroxide content in the algae cultivated with the contaminated media was nearly constant and about 4 fold of the other specimens; while those of chytrid infected cells was slightly increased from 1.3 to 1.8 μM during 48 h cultivation. Amino acids histidine, alanine, asparagine, aspatic acid, arginine, and methionine were of the highest and the phenylalanine and tryptophan were of the lowest content. These results can be attributed to the cells defense response to chytrid infection thorough enhancement of peroxide content and activation of antioxidative pathways.

Increasing the concentrations of heavy metals in the soil during the last decades to reduce the quantity and quality of plant production and human health is endangered. This study aimed to monitoring arsenic and nickel in the Portulaca oleracea and Mentha piperita of agricultural land in Hamidieh and Dezful from Khuzestan province. Sampling with 9 vegetable samples from three areas with three replications in each city. The concentration of heavy metals were measured after sample preparation by graphical furnaces. Arsenic levels of Portulaca oleracea and Mentha piperita in two regions of Dezful and Hamidieh significant difference (P0.05). The highest concentration of nickel in Mentha piperita of Dezful were (22.20±0.03 ppb) and the lowest this element in Portulaca oleracea of Hamidieh (9.04±0.07 ppb). According to the results the amount of arsenic and nickel in vegetables, Portulaca oleracea and Mentha piperita lower than World Health Organization standards, respectively.

spatial memory impairment is seen after brain ischemic. The hippocampus is one of the most sensitive parts of the brain following ischemia. Oxidative stress and inflammation after cerebral ischemia damage the hippocampal neurons and cause spatial memory disorder. Rifampicin has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. This study reviews the neurotrophic effects of the drug following post traumatic brain damage.
Material and Animals were divided into 4 groups: control, ischemic-vehicle and experimental. In the experimental group, rifampicin was injected intraperitoneally (20 mg / kg) at the onset of reperfusion and 24 hours after reperfusion. Ischemia / reperfusion was induced by bilateral closure of the common carotid artery for 20 minutes. Morris water maze and nissl staining were used for all groups.
Results showed that rifampicin (20 mg / kg) reduced the time and distance needed to find a platform in Morris water maze and increase the number of survival pyramidal cells following ischemia. There was a significant difference between the control group and the ischemic and vehicle groups, but this difference was not significant between the control group and the experimental group.
In addition to the neurotrophic effects of Rifampicin on the tissue structure of the CA1 region of the hippocampus, this drug improves the spatial memory function after transient ischemia / reperfusion. Therefore it seems that rifampicin can be considered as one of the appropriate drug for treatment of brain-ischemic.