فصلنامه زیست شناسی تکوینی
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 38، بهار 1397)

The castor plant )Ricinus communis L.) belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is a very important medicinal plant. Carbon nanotubes act as regulator of germination and growth of plant; and are able to change the morphology and physiology of plant cell.Penetration of carbon nanotubes in plant systems are able to change metabolic acts that lead to increase products . XRD and nanoparticle sizer experiments showed that the major phase is carbon and its size is range of 35-300 nm. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (0 and 500 µg ml-1 ) alongside the control under laboratory conditions on the characters of histology and ultrastructure. The vegetative growth was done in greenhouse conditions .foliar spray 500 µg ml-1 treatment (MWCNTs and deionezed water for 0 treatment) was done. Duration of experiment was 45 days. after that plant was exited from soil, shoot and root were seprated.process of preparation was done and samples go over on grid for study TEM.The result of ultra strcture studies of root and leaf showed, there is great aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different length in vacuole and cytoplasm which in leaf cells have aggregation of vacuole and increase of plastogloboly in stroma of chlroplast and transformation of chloroplast from globular to ellipsoid and in root cells lead to destruction of mitochondria crista, vacoule and nucleus membrane and low chromatins, also was observed aggregation of vacuole and many diameter of sclreid and xylem wall.

Nowadays medicinal plants are in the focus of attention because of their roles in prevention and treatment of many diseases. The aim of this study was in vitro assessment of antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of Cinnamon zeylanicum.
Aqous extract of cinnamon were prepared by maceration method. The 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml concentration of this extract were prepared. The phytochemical properties of Cinnamon detected by measuring the phenol and flavonoid, total antioxidant capacity, radical scavenging power, metal chelating ability and thiol groups assay. Antidiabetic activities also were assayed with fructosamine formation inhibition and advanced glycation end products(AGEs) inhibition abilities by spectrophotometric and spectroflurometric methods respectively. Ability of the extracts in preventation of glycated albumin fragmentation was assayed by SDS-PAGE. The content of phenol and flavonoid were determined by standard methods. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA procedure according to SPSS software program.
Cinnamun exhibited 31.34±1.83 mg GAE/g extract of phenol contents and also 19.89±1.37 mg QE/g extracts of flavonoid content respectively. All methods confirmed the antioxidant and antiradical effects of cinnamon in a concentration related manner. This plant has antidiabetic properties and reduced fructosamine and AGEs formation and also could inhibit glycated albumin fragmentation.
Cinnamon has antioxidant and antidiabetic properties and could prevent complications of diabetes mellitus. According to these properties, we can suggest using this plant in diabetic patients.

In this study, the hairy roots of the Luffacylindrica, a medicinal plant, were obtained following co cultivation of plant tissue with three different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes named 1583, 9534 and A4. The results indicated an increase in biomass in the hairy roots induced by agrobacteria strains 15834 and 9534. After transplantation of transgenic and non-transgenic roots, the surface area of the layers of the epidermis, cortex and vascular tissues, as well as the size of the parenchymal cells were analyzed using ImageJ software.
Results showed that vascular system in transgenic roots, is more compact than in the control plant. So that the size of the xylems of hairy roots are higher than the control plant sample and is as following: 15834(393.5µm)>A4(324.6 µm)>9534(238.8 µm)>ctrl(175 µm). Moreover, pheloem region in the control plant is 2.6 times larger than 15834 produced hairy root which contain the highest surface of pheloem among transgenic species.
The surface of cortex layer, the thickness of the epidermis and the parenchymal cells were also 1.67, 1.154 and 1.8 times larger in the 15834 hairy roots than control roots respectively.
The results of this study confirmed the significant effect of Agrobactrium rhizogenes strains on increasing biomass. Therefore, by selecting the suitable strain, the amount of biomass due to enlargement of reservoir compartments such as parenchyma could be modified. Thus the amount of metabolites in the transgenic plant such as Luffacylindrica hairy roots could be optimized.

In order to investigate the effect of seeds priming of Astragalus adscendens with Rice bran extract and potassium nitrate (Nano-Se) solution in the early stages of germination, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications conducted at the botany Lab of the Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashan, in 2017. Experimental treatments consisted of priming with Rice bran extrac solution at 4 levels (zero as control, 0. 1, 0.2 and 0.5 (percentage of weight - Volume: w/v), and Nano-Se in 4 levels (zero as control, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.1) w/v for 2 hours at 25 ° C. The results of the experiments showed that Rice bran extract, Nano-Se solution and interaction of treatments were significant at the 1 % level on all studied traits, including germination percentage, root length, stem length, germination coefficient, relative content of water, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content. Also, the use of rice bran extract 0.1% increased the 15%. of root length but with Increasing the concentrations of bran extract root and shoot length decreased compared to control. Also, seeds priming with rice bran extract 0.2% and Nano- Se 0.8% increased the root length 37%. The highest germination percentage, the content of chlorophyll a and b, and stem length were obtained by applying 0.11% w / v Rice bran extract solution with 0.1% w/v of Nano-Se . Also, applying these treatments alone had positive and significant effects on the studied traits.

In botanical and taxonomical science embryological studies are specially important. In this research, developmental stages of pollen grains and ovules were studied in Salvia verticillata L of Lamiaceae family.The flower and buds in different developmental stages were removed, fixed in FAA, stored in70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin and sliced with a microtome. Staining was done with Hematoxilin and Eosin. The prepared slides from different developmental stages were studied carefully using a light microscope. On the basis of this research results, ovule was anatropous, bitegumic and tenuinucellate. The development of the embryo sac followed the mono-sporic, polygonum type. After the meiosis, megaspore tetrads had linear arrangement. First, embryo sac was very small, so that its nuclei were compressed linearly but in maturation progress, embryo sac sustained longitude growth considerably. The anther was bisporangia. In S. verticillata, the tapetum was plasmodial and secretory with tetra- nucleate and bi-nucleate cells. In species microspore tetrads were observed with tetrahedral and tetragonal arrangement.

Despite many efforts, no definitive treatment is yet knowing for cancer. Therefore, research on new compounds that have anti-cancer properties is especially important. The aim of this study is investigation the cytotoxic effect of Girard-T reagent-based Schiff bases and their complexes on HT29 cancer cells. HT29 cells was cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing FBS 10% and antibiotics 1% then the effects of ligands and their complexes with the concentration of 0.1, 1 and 5 mg/ml were surveyed on these cells in 1, 2, and 3 days. Growth, proliferation and morphological changes were photographed using an inverted microscope. MTT assay and DAPI staining were used to quantify cell viability. With concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 5 mg/ml of [SnMe2(L2)] (the effective component) the survival were decreased to 34, 24 and 18% after 72h(P

The aim of present study was to estimate phenotypic trend of behavioral and productive traits, included colony behavior, population, pollen, viability and honey production, during five consecutive generations in a closed population of honeybee in Golestan province. Descriptive statistics of traits were estimated for consecutive generations by Minitab 14 software and Duncan test was used to compare traits’ averages. Also, regression coefficients of productive and behavioral traits from generations were estimated. Phenotype variances of traits were reduced by selection. Obvious improvement for population and viability traits and slight improvement for behavior and honey production traits were observed through selection. Regression coefficients of all traits from generation were positive with the exception of behavior. These regressions were significant for colony behavior, population, pollen and viability traits (p