نشریه فرهنگ ایلام
پیاپی 40-41 (زمستان 1392)

In religious societies the history of villages, towns and regions has a close relationship with the history of the religious and pilgrimage centers. Such places have overt and covert functions affecting different aspects of social life and are always in evolution. Some significant events such as revolutions have a leading role in this evolution. In this research based on "Merton's Theory", overt and covert functions of Ilam shrines (in the northern part of the province) are compared in two periods; namely before and after the Islamic Revolution. The method of collecting data is exchanging the qualitative data to the quantitative one by using the comparative approach. The data indicated that compared with the period before the Islamic Revolution, there is an increase in overt and covert functions in all of the economic, cultural, political and social backgrounds.

The goal of this research is to study and examine the available information in historical resources related to Marhashi. This site is one of the leading regions of Iran in the second and third millenniums B.C. Marhashi was one of the important confederates of ancient Ilam, in most of its life time and its name always mentioned beside the name of ancient Ilam. In fact, it seems that Marhashi had been a part of the ancient Ilam country. This place was a base from which Iranians were attacking Mesopotamia and conversely, when Mesopotamians were attacking Iran, Marhashi was the first place to be occupied. By tsudying and examining the historical resources it is proven that most probably, Marhashi was located in the Pusht-e Kuh region of Ilam province.

Abdanan is located in the southern east of Ilam. In May 2009, an archeological survey was carried out by Ardeshir Javanmardzade in the northern part of Abdanan central district. The main goals of the project were to introduce archeological sites in this area. In this regard, nineteen sites were identified from Bronze Age to later Islamic period among which four sites are related to later Islamic period. There is much stoneware in these cemeteries which carved with a lot of designs including humans, animals, plants and tools and equipment. In this paper in addition to introducing these cemeteries, we study the designs and compare them with other contemporary cemeteries of Iran like Delijan in Markazi province, Dar-ussalam in Shiraz and Semiran in Gilan. Consequently, it seems that these illustrations indicated the thoughts and lifestyle of people who lived here and are considerably different from other cemeteries.

Khorasani Kurmanji and Ilami Kurdish are two different dialects of Kurdish language. Khorasani Kurmanji is the dialect of Kurds who live in north and Razavi Khorasan provinces and Ilami Kurdish is the dialect of great many of Kurds who live In Ilam province (west part of Iran). Since these two dialects are of the same language, and the people who speak these dialects are Kurds, because of the influence of neighboring dialects and languages, they have been different so that the people of these two dialects are not able to understand each other. Khorasani Kurmanji has primarily been influenced by Persian Language, has had communications with Turkish Language in the north, and with Persian language in the south. And on the other, unlike ilami Kurdish the dialect has kept “ERGATIVITY” and “GENDER” which are the most important features of North Kurdish dialects. In this article the library studies and writer’s knowledge were used to analyze the data. The results show that the two dialect phonetic systems have had phonetic changes and they have been influenced by their neighboring language.

This study aims at introducing contemporary Persian poetry of Ilam province. It is important to stress that from sixties the poetry of Ilam has witnessed its remarkable ripening and at the same time got its specific features through its local symbols. One of the most important events that has remarkable impacts on the contemporary poetry and specially on the works of Ilam poets is the concept of imposed war. The specific symbols and motifs of this war have influenced the mind and the soul of Ilam poets so that no work can be released from their effects. Martyrdom, battlefield and its memories, captive, self sacrificing, and the description of war-stricken cities are among the most important motifs of this kind of poetry. Ilam poets either have experienced the moments and the events of imposed war or frequently heard and felt from others. So, war is an integral part of the mind and the soul of these poets and has been manifested in their poetry.

One of the most important processes that formed naturally in the development of any society is moving towards a modern world that opens the way for further developments. One of the most important and influential domains in the field of development is the administrative sector. The current paper aims at evaluating the modernization of the public services of employees in Ilam city. The research method was survey and the tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population was all of the Ilam employees including of 12,378 people. The sample size was chosen up to 400 people and by the sampling method of Kkran and multicluster. In the analytical section, the statistical tests have been applied in congruence with the studied variable such as chi-square test and Friedman. The results indicate high modernism among employees of state departments of Ilam city. This means that office workers are receptive to new knowledge and specialized skills. However, specialized training courses for the staff is not in a good condition. Also consistent with the constant changes, respecting the rights and opinions of others and the extent of social and geographical mobility are at the intermediate level among the employees.

Social and cultural changes have attracted disabled people to the society considerably, but some obstacles in urban planning and urbanity have resulted in lack of necessary conditions of urban environment for their attendance in society or social programs. Based on the significance of the study, the objective of this research is investigating the urban furniture according to disabled people in Ilam and it is attempted to define the urban furniture and the aims of its designing and it focuses on the shortages of urban furniture for disabled people of Ilam. Moreover, solutions are proposed to improve the quality of the above situation. The research is conducted by secondary and documentary methods and data collection procedures were field observation and interview.

In the field of ​​staff training, E-training is one of the new developments in information technology and communication; and doing feasibility studies in the field of organizational readiness for establishing this kind of education system is a prerequisite for success in this field. In order to establish the electronic job training based upon Abdolhaq and Qaeeni model, this research has been conducted to study cultural and educational readiness assessment of Ilam organizations. In this study, the multi-stage random sampling has been used and the data were collected by selecting five cultural and educational organizations of Ilam province as (Headquarter of Culture and Islamic Guidance, Technical and vocational organization, Ilam university, Medical science of Ilam university, and Headquarter of Education). Meanwhile, the comments of 119 individuals of employees and managers were taken using the researcher-made questionnaire (based on five point Likert Scale). The measures in the questionnaires, according to the results of Cronbach's alpha coefficiency, had acceptable reliability, and the validity of questionnaires was confirmed by five experts in the field of Information Technology and management. The results show that the readiness of organizations with cultural dimension (with the average of 2.44 out of the 5), structural dimension (with the average of 2.14 out of the 5), human resources (with the average of 2.08 out of the 5), technology and equipment (with the average of 1.93 out of the 5) and, in total, the general readiness (with the average of 2.33 out of the 5) was below the average level and was not optimal.

This study investigates the effects of the automation system on the improvement of decision-making process among the experts and managers of Ilam general governorship. This study is of cause and effects type and it is practical according to its goal. In order to collect data, questionnaires were used and they were distributed among 90 managers and experts and after being completed, they were collected. To analyze data, structural equation modeling and LISREL were used. The results show that official automation system has positive effects on manager's decision making correctness, their exactness in decision-making, being on time in decision-making and getting economical decisions. Furthermore, the results of testing model show that it has a good reliability.

The present study has been conducted in order to study the relationship between social capital dimensions with social identity of pre-university students of Ilam city in the schooling year of 2010-2011. Statistical population included all boy students in Ilam pre-university schools who were 582 students. The sample consisted of 231 students, the research method was of survey type and data collection was done by using researcher made questionnaire. According to spearman's correlation coefficient, research hypotheses showed that there is significant correlation between the independent variables (social participation and social trust) with social identity of pre- university student in Ilam city. Results of multi - variants regression test indicated that social participation’s variable has more effects on social identity changes in students (beta = 0.59). The other variable in this research (social trust) has little effect on social identity changes in students (beta = 0.17).

Considering the importance and status of tourism and ecotourism industry and competitiveness of its capital-making property, the necessity of establishing appropriate fields and logical planning is among the prerequisites of Ilam province. The aim of present study is to examine the natural potentials of Ilam province to attract eco-tourists. This study is a theoretical research and method applied in this study is a descriptive-analytical one. Data obtained from questionnaires was analyzed using software Excel and SPSS, and finally by applying T tests, it was obtained that hypotheses are confirmed and Ilam province may attract tourists and develop ecotourism and transform into the ecotourism focus in west of the country.