فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگ - ارتباطات
پیاپی 44 (زمستان 1397)

Egocentricity is known as a historical feature in Iranian's collective psychology, but according to the theorist of this theory, such a feature exists in Iranian's community, even nowadays and its negative consequences are still unavoidable. Therefore, it makes sense to search for current scientific methods in order to find effective factors in creating and existence of such a phenomenon as well as theorizing and evaluating its historical effects; because most of the contemporary historic failures in Iran can be related to this issue. Hence the main question of this research would be: What are effective factors in Iranians' Egocentricity? In order to answer this question, we have tried to get to a valid evaluation through the secondary analysis of data gathered in Tehran, and design and test a rhetoric model based on applied indexes in mentioned evaluation. The study population in this research has been1256 people who were chosen systematically.
Results show that the Egocentricity in more than 15% of the interviewees has been too little or a little; more than 44% in average; and more than 40% too much or more. Also, the multiple correlation rates equaled 0.446, T square as 0.119, and justified rate as 0.196. It shows that about 20% of the Egocentricity variance is determined by current variables. The fatalism variable shows the highest effective rate as 0.276 and social alienating and powerlessness follow that respectively. All three mentioned variables (independent) have a positive significance in Egocentricity (dependent). It means that increasing each of the mentioned three variables will increase the level of Egocentricity in people.

The present study aims at studying the effect of Hofstede cultural dimensions on the adoption of Informationand Communication Technology, particularly Mobile Bank.This study is practicalin terms of objective and is descriptive – survey in terms of data collection.The statistical population of the study was every Iranian who had at leastone active bank account and a mobile device with the ability to performfinancial activities. Questionnaire was used to collect data and a total of 400questionnaires were collected and analyzed. In order to analyze the data,structural equation modeling and partial least squares technique was used. Theresults of the hypothesis test showed thatMasculinity,individualism, avoidance of uncertainty and power distance have direct relation with ease of perceived use of mobile bank users and the direct relation betweenMasculinityand distance from the power with perceivedusefulness in using mobile bank was confirmed.Alsothe direct effect of the ease of perceived use of the mobile bank and the perceivedusefulness of the mobile bank on the behavioral intention was confirmed.

Before the urban changes in BabolSar in the Reza Shah Pahlavi era, the identity of this city was tied to its port, custom and fishery, and it was known as MashadSar Port. In Reza Shah Pahlavi era, special cultural and economic evolution happened in international, national and local stages and made BabolSar to experience fundamental urban changes. This article tries to elicit and interpret these evolutions and analyze many formal and informal historical narratives. It uses sources such as itinerary, documents, newspapers of 1928-1941, local, national, and international histories, and applies technics such as deep interview, group discussion, and oral history. It uses qualitative method and applies grounded theory to analyze information. Concepts are categorized in following seven categories: The necessity for going out of port economy (as causes), Preparation of local forces (as intervening conditions), dominant nature (as context conditions), managing forces and violence (as strategies), transforming identity, and changing role of foreigners (as consequences). The core category is “creative destruction” which covers all of the mentioned categories.

This research is to identify the positive and negative role of virtual social networks in the development of civil society in Iran and the using rate of each one among civil activists in Tehran. This research was of a qualitative and quantitative mixture, and the research method was deep interviewing and scrolling. The results of the Research show that interviewers determined 12 functions: communication, news, promotional, educational, mobilization, campaigning, replacing official media, strengthening the social power of institutions, transparency, streamlining, networking and measuring public opinion, and 10 dysfunctions: inaccurate news, information overflow, massive virtual mood, conversational bubble, celebertization‏, the existence of false correlations, conflict in cyberspace and recede from Real civil activity, the destruction of the privacy of civil activists, the dominance of virtual participation, and the means of presentation and self-expression, for the role of virtual social networks in the development of civil society in Iran. Of these, civil activists have mentioned communication, news and educational function as the most functions of the social networks and messengers and function of public opinion, transparency and networking, as the least functions among civil activists in Tehran. They also have mentioned Incorrect and rumored news overflow information and bubble conversation as the most dysfunction and self-expression and celebertization in cyberspace as the least dysfunctions.

Aggression is one kind of neuroticism. Some psychologists such as Freud, Adler, Horney, Gordon Alport, McCraey, Paul Costa, forum and muri have put forward theories about aggression. In this research, Karen Hornayaye's theory has been chosen as the framework. Because his View is more suitable with the stories of the statistical society of this research. It is also more relevant to the characterization of the stories. She has divided neuroticism into three types:1. Affection begger (Submissive) 2. Extremist (aggressive) 3. Distributor (isolate). Supremacy Extremism or aggression is the main subject of this research. From Horney's discussion of aggressiveness six important components were derived by deductive and inferential as: 1. dominance, disregard for others, and aberrant expectations 2. abduction and humiliation of others 3. brutality 4. unconsciously revealing violence 5.the originality of the interest and the exploitation of others 6. intense debate and criticizing others. Studies show that the frequency of mischief and humiliation of others are more than other components. The method of the research is qualitative content analysis.
The results of the research indicates that aggression is one of the important characteristic of Iranian behavior based on jamalzadeh and Hedayat's stories, because there are a lot of examples of aggression in these stories.

This qualitative research seeks to answer the question of what are the main topics that the IRIB can consider in producing a variety of persuasive programs aimed at encouraging the audiences to purchase and support Iranian goods. The research doesn’t consider the IRIB's commercial advertising because of the nature of their production, although some of the themes can be generalized to these products. The research statistical population are elites in communication, psychology, and advertising that seven members have been selected through purposive sampling and information gathered through deep interview and summarized within 90 themes.
Based on research results, the IRIB in persuading audiences to purchase and support Iranian goods doesn’t have a pre-designed strategy and has allocated small share of its products to persuasive plans to encourage the audiences to support Iranian goods based on two elements reasoning and awareness with commercial policies and stereotypical. Most of its products have been commercial incentive plans. IRIB can be honest and increase credibility and confidence among audiences without factional bias in its products and with modification of its commercial policies and encouraging products based on two elements of consciousness and reasoning persuade audiences to purchase and support Iranian goods. For this purpose, it may prioritize programs such as: giving Precise information in the field of business, trying to create justice and economic stability, clarifying production space, helping to increase the quality of Iranian goods by introducing producers and create the same competitive atmosphere for them and supporting small and Medium Enterprises

Illumination is one of the most decorative-applied arts that are considered as a subset of art books. Quran-designing is one of the suitable ways for the manifestation of this art that has been developed since the early Islamic Ages. Illumination can be seen in various applications of the Qur'an, including the decoration of the opening pages, the opening pages of the components and etc. in the form of Shamseh(roundel) or rubrics. Rubric decorations were used by artists during Timurid and Qajar periods. There are reasonable examples from that era. Timurid examples preserved at the Sacred Threshold of Qom and the Qajar examples preserved at the Central Library of Tabriz are Valuable national reserves in the field of illuminated Qur’anic manuscripts which have contemplated until now. The present research answers the following two basic questions: What are the visual and decorative features of the selected rubrics of the illuminated Qu’ran’s of the Timurid and Qajar era? What are the Subscription and differentiation points of Timurid and Qajar Quran’s rubrics preserved at the Sacred Threshold of Qom and the Qajar examples preserved at the Central Library of Tabriz? This research is descriptive-analytical and works has been evaluated using comparative method. Resources have been collected by library method and samples have been collected through field method.
The results of the research showed that the rubrics of the Qurans of the Timurid have a coherent feature and visual strength in form and role, regarding page proportions and decorative motifs, but the composition of the motifs of the Qajar rubrics has a rather diffuse structure. To use of arabesque motifs aesthetic, golden and lazuli colored has been seen in both works with variable proportions.

Since the beginning of 20th century, comic stories have been used as a powerful tool in shaping the identity of Japanese people. During WWII, comic stories and animations were specifically used for encouraging youth to participate in the war and strengthening the public mood. These two media acted as the most influential means in soothing the wounds of defeat after WWII. The research aims to investigate the presumed influence of these visual media in the Japanese society by conducting a historical survey. Accordingly, the article is conducted in a way to find an answer regarding the extent of involvement of the media of animation in the dialogue of national identity in Iran.
Based on the results of this comparative study, it can be comprehended that the art of comic storytelling is the missing connection in facilitating the engagement of socio-political issues in Iranian animations as a link to relate the political cartoons and animations.

Adaptation from ancient literature, especially tales and legends, and the discovery of the multi-layered relationships of legends with the statement style of animation, is one of the ways that many animate screenwriters have pay attention to it today. Considering the structural features and amazing abilities of Iranian tales and legends for adapting with the language of animation, learning the media language and using techniques such as adaptation and re-creation to turn legend to animation is very necessary.
This article, presents the adaptive critique of the common elements of the legend and the animated animation of "Jamshid and the Sun" and how these elements are transmitted in the process of adaptation of the myth to animation, by using the documentary method and the descriptive-analytical approach, after expressing the dreams of myths. According to research findings, the first step in turning the myth into animation, analyzing the legendary text, and finding the characteristics of the image and its various dramatic components. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of myths, adding or highlighting dramatic elements and enhancing various components of animation will increase the movement, suspension and image in animation

Hijab, as a social norm, is one of the most important religious laws in public and social domains. Islamic Republic of Iran has legislated Hijab. However, in the recent years, several instances of low veils have been observed in Iran’s society. This paper aims to understand reasons of low veils using the research method of Development of Theory, which is a qualitative method. 29 Mashhad women with low veils were asked to answer a questionnaire. They were then divided into two types of “the level of Sharia Hijab” and “attitudes towards Hijab” based on their answers, which helped finding their reasons for low veils. Generally, Mashhad women with low veils are influenced by aggravated process of social effects which led to insignificance of Hijab in their minds. Most of these women considered Hijab as an action without social and personal functions. Moreover, they believed that Iran’s society is moving towards accepting low veils, and so they try to Coordinate themselves with the community.