مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک
سال شانزدهم شماره 12 (پیاپی 81، اسفند 1392)

Toxoplasma gondii is an important pathogen protozoa for human and animals. This parasite can cause severe infection and abortion. The relationship between cholesterol and other lipids in the blood of infected persons has been considered by researchers. There is evidence that host lipids are involved in the pathogenesis of Toxoplasma. Therefore this study measured and compared lipid and testosterone levels of serum in men infected with toxoplasmosis and non- infected men. This case – control study was conducted on 200 men، 20 to 29 years old referred to the Arak post marriage center. After completing the questionnaire، 5 ml blood sample was taken and serum was separated. Then diagnosis test for toxoplasmosis and measured of testosterone was conducted on samples. Results showed that testosterone levels were normal in case and control groups but the hormone level in the case group was significantly lower than the control group. The study of relationship between testosterone level and serum lipids in case and control groups showed there is a significant negative correlation between testosterone level and triglyceride level. Also there is a significant positive correlation between testosterone level and HDL levels.

Studies have shown that central cholinergic system can be effective on animal memory in objects emplacement، but there were no sufficient information about the consumption of effective substances on this system during pregnancy in novel object recognition in compared to old object and its effect on the fetus. The aim of this study is investigation of lecithin (as a source of choline) effect during pregnancy and lactation on object recognition behavior as a marker of cognitive memory in male and female rat offspring. In the present experimental study، female rats with an average weight of 160±10 g were gavaged of pregnancy (22 days) until 21 days after the parturition by different amounts of lecithin or its vehicle. The groups were: control (without receiving any medications)، vehicle and receiving lecithin with amounts 120 and 240mg / kg. After gender segregation، at 36 days of birth offspring were trained to evaluate the recognition memory. The number of offspring in each group for each sex was 7. Results showed that consumption of lecithin 240mg/kg in female offspring was lead to increase in percentage of time spent in near of novel object in compared with vehicle group (p<0. 05). While in other groups there was no difference between offspring. Lecithin consumption during mother pregnancy and lactating lead to change in precognitive memory of female offspring and also sex can cause different effects of this compound in the body of an animal.

According to the toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis leading to loss of central vision، corneal opacity، tearing، photophobia، and is، therefore early treatment is very important. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of toxoplasmic retinochoroditis clindamycin in comparison with conventional therapy (oral drug) was performed. In this clinical trial، target population was all patients with the toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis referred to clinics in ophthalmology Arak city، that stratified randomly into two groups، interventional group “A” was received treatment with intravitreal injection clindamaycin «and control group “B” was received standard oral treatment (Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine and clindamaycin). Tool for data gathering was questionnaires and medical records of patients in which visual acuity based on the Senllene Chart and retinal thickness with use tomography layers of the retina (OCT). Results of measurement were recorded by specialist retina before and after intervention (weekly and monthly until complete resolution of lesions in retina) during one year. The data entered into the SPSS 16 software and after matching age &sex of patients، was final analysis the using descriptive and inferential tests such as t-test was performed. Of the 26 patients with toxoplasmic retinochoroditis، 16 (61/5%)، urban and number 10 (38/5%) were rural. The average improvement in visual acuity between the two groups in mean time to lesion healing (A) and (B) was different. The visual acuity in before and after treatment (separation of treatment) was significant difference in both groups (P<0/05). Also central macular thickness (in patients with toxoplasmic retinochoroditis) between before and after treatment in each group was different (P= 0/001)، but the changes mean central macular thickness (in cases of toxoplasmic retinochoroditis) There was no significant difference between treatments (P= 0/452). Although any two methods of treatment are effective، but intravitreal injection clindamaycin method due to shorter lesion healing time and increase higher visual acuity، is better than the alternative similar way.

Motivation is one of the most important tools to push faculty members to perform effectively and efficiently in the workplace is. This study is based on Herzberg''s theory of motivating factors to consider requiring faculty at the University of Medical Sciences deals. In this cross-sectional study، a total of 168 faculty members of Tehran University of Medical Sciences، 102 persons conducting a completely free and informed، a 40-question questionnaire based on Herzberg''s two-factor theory، design، a questionnaire. Data using t-test and Mann-Whitney U and indicators of central tendency and dispersion were analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Response rate to the questionnaires، 7/60، respectively. 5/24% of the faculty in the basic sciences and 5/74% at the clinical level of activity. Of «communication» and «progress and development»، the motivation faculty have the greatest impact. Factors «physical condition» and «salary» have been less effective. Between the ages of faculty motivating factors، «nature»، «responsibility and career» and «supervision and monitoring»، there was a significant correlation. The relationship between work experience and of «salary» and «job security» was also significant. Communication is one of the most important factors in increasing the motivation of faculty members in the physical conditions of work and wages are minimal impact in this area. With an aging faculty، salary، supervision and monitoring، and job security are more important motivation. In other words، with increasing age and work experience، academic expectations of the management of change and the proper evaluation of the activities of the officials do not have the decision-making، and because the quality of activities، good participate Ndah encouraged do not motivate members to create good will.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) rise is the most common complication of Nd YAG laser posterior capsulotomy، and the aim of this study was to compare the effect of oral acetazolamide versus topical Co-biosopt in preventing IOP rise following Nd YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. This clinical trial was done on 200 patients who underwent laser Nd: YAG capsulotomy. First group received oral acetazolamide 250 mg q 6h and placebo drops q 8h and second group received Co-biosopt) timolol 0/5% and dorzolamide 2%) drops q 8h and oral placebo capsule q 6h. IOP was measured before and 24 hours after laser capsulotomy. Mean IOP of right and left eye 24 hours after capsulotomy in the acetazolamide group was significantly decreased as compared to the previous (P=0/001) and in Co-Biosopt group the values 24 hours after capsulotomy was significantly decreased as compared with the previous in right and left eye (P=0/001). According to oral acetazolamide side effects and desirable IOP reduction with Co-Biosopt that recently entered to Iran’s market and have typical domestic، this medication can be an option for preventing IOP rise after laser capsulotomy in a patient with posterior capsular opacification.

Thymus is essential in creating some of the disorders and diseases. Treatment of these disorders (particularly tumors and myasthenia gravis) is possible with complete removal of the thymus. In this retrospective study over a period of eleven years، all case of thymectomy performed at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of shahid Beheshti University has investigated. Variables examined included age، sex، primary diagnosis، surgical technique، complications and results of surgery. The total number of patients was 50 (46% male and 54% female) with a mean age of 85/14 ± 46/41 years. Primary diagnosis was myasthenia gravis in 40% of patients and thymoma in 42% of them. Myasthenic symptom was the most common presenting symptom (50%). Radical thymectomy surgery was performed in 64% of patients. Fever and atelectasis (10%) and respiratory failure (12%) were the most common postoperative complication and mortality rate was 4%. Thymoma (64%) and thymus hyperplasia (20%) were the most frequent pathology. Clinical symptoms were gone or greatly reduced in 40% of patients. The majority of them had a primary diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (36%). 50% of patients have been followed up. The mean follow-up time in these patients is 32/20 ± 36/41 months. Thymectomy surgery with low morbidity and mortality، provides the possibility of treatment of thymic lesions. Especially Thymoma and Myasthenia Gravis

Biosurfactants are amphiphilic biological compounds produced extracellularly by a variety of microorganisms. Because their use in various industries are of a particular importance. The aim of this study was to identify a strain of bacteria of the genus Bacillus Cereus biosurfactant producers and investigate the antibacterial effects of biosurfactant produced. In this study، different samples of oil، water and soil contaminated with oil were prepared. Hemolytic activities، emulsification and measurement of surface tension were used and selected strains were identified by biochemical tests. The nature and effect of antibacterial biosurfactant were evaluated for strain selection. In this study، eighty eight bacterial strains were isolated. Among them، 24 strains were hemolytic activity. Among them، 14 strains have emulsification activity more than 70% and finally from among them four strains were able to convey to the surface tension of less than 40 mN/m. On the basis of biochemical tests، a strain selective in this study as B. cereus 43 strain، were identification and selection. The results of investigating the nature biosurfactant determined that the type of lipopeptide. Also، the produced biosurfactant has antibacterial activity against six bacterial infectious. The most sensitive and the most resistant bacteria than the impact of biosurfactant extract، of S. aureus PTCC1112 and of the Proteus mirabilis ATCC 2601 respectively. Also، the results of MIC، MBC showed that MIC extract were effective in a dilution of 63 mg /ml on S. aureus PTCC1112 and S. epidermidis ATCC 2405 and the MBC extract had the greatest effect in a dilution of 125mg/ml on Staphylococcus aureus، Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1074 respectively. Bacillus Cereus 43 had high potential in reducing the surface tension and biosurfactant extracted had high antibacterial effects. Therefore، Frequency of potential has for applications of biotechnology and the environment.

Backround& Remaining of crude oil in storage tanks usually lead to accumulation of oily sludge at the bottom of the tank which should be treated and disposed of in a suitable manner. In this research the feasibility of chemical oxidation with H2O2 and Fenton''s reagent for removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from composted storage tank sludges was investigated. The sludge was mixed with immature compost at various sludge to compost ratios including 1:2، 1:4، 1:6، 1:8 and 1:10 and composted for 82 days. Then، hydrogen peroxide and Fenton’s reagent were added to the composted mixture in six concentrations including 2%، 5%، 10%، 15%، 20% and 30% w w-1 for a period of 24 and 48 hr. TPH removal in composting reactors with the ratios of 1:2، 1:4، 1:6، 1:8 and 1:10 were 66. 59، 73. 19، 74. 81، 80. 20 and 79. 91 percent، respectively. The mean TPH removal of 1:8 composted mixtures with 2%، 5%، 10%، 15%، 20% and 30% of oxidant concentrations were 1، 5. 09، 19. 37، 28. 16، 34. 37 and 38. 05 percent، respectively. The highest removal efficiency was achieved in stepwise addition to the sludge. As well، increasing oxidation time from 24 to 48 hr had a little effect on TPH removal increase and the removal efficiencies of H2O2 and Fenton were nearly similar. Chemical oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and Fenton as a post-treatment step is an acceptable process in TPH removal from bottom sludge of storage tanks.

Cotonary artery illneses are the common heart illness that there is treatment methods now، many patients need the coronary artery bypass graft. Anxiety is a common phenomenon after all surgical operation. Anxiety in coronary artery bypass graft causes increases of metabolic rate، decrease immunity of body، increasesof activity of heart coronary and gastrointestinal. this study was perfound to assess the effects of metatarsus foot reflexology on state anxiety levels after coronary artery bypass graft in Imam Ali Hospital Kermanshah. Methods and Materials: This clinical trial included 88patients that they were divided in to the intervention and control group based on the randomly. the intervention group received a 10 minute right foot massage one day on third and fourth day after coronary artery bypass graft and control group received no intervention، only at the time mentioned، score anxiety was measured with standard questionnaire spielberger. patients state anxiety significanty decreased in the intervention group in the third day comparison with the control group. but no difference were not observed in the control group. the finding of the study showed foot reflexology to be effective and simple That complication and damages are low that is used in reducing patients anxiety in treatment-health centers.

Shigella dysenteriae one of the main causes of diarrhea in humans، but there is no vaccine against it. IpaD protein is one of the most important virulence factors in pathogenic shigella. The cloning N-terminal ipaD genes with ctB genes that have a role in adjuvant and carrier as recombinant vaccine can caused enhance the mucosal immune response. designing primers for genes ctB and ipaD were carried out based on the construction of gene cassettes، respectively. PCR reactions were performed to amplify the fragments and amplified fragments were cloned into pGEM-Teasy vector. Both the vector cut by restriction enzymes HindIII and XhoI and ipaD gene to gene ctB finally were Fusion. The ctB-ipaD gene cassette and expression vector pET28a (+) cuted by SalI and HindIII restriction enzymes. The cloning ctB-ipaD cassette was performed in the expression vector and expression of gene cassettes. In this study، the N-terminal ipaD as vaccine candidate antigen was genetically linked to the C terminal of ctB which has a carrier and adjuvant role. Fusing ctB-ipaD in the expression vector pET28a (+) is confirmed by sequencing، PCR and digested with restriction enzymes. The recombinant proteins produced is confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. According to previous and similar studies، product cassette ctB-ipaD and expression its was expected. Is hoped to protein expression of this gene cassette and the production of antibodies could be achieved the candidate vaccine against Shigella.