فهرست مطالب

فصلنامه آزمایشگاه و تشخیص
پیاپی 31 (بهار 1395)

تاریخ انتشار: 1395/04/09
تعداد عناوین: 18

فارسی
English

انتخاب همه

Clinical applications of RDW (Red Cells Distribution Width)

Dr Habibollah Golafshan Saeideh Hajizamani, Mr Mohammad Esmaeil Khedmati Pages 5-10

Today the accumulating mass of RDW literature supports the conclusion that RDW is a valid and major predictor of health outcomes. Previously RDW parameter was used only as indicator for red blood cells anisocytosis for differential diagnosis of microcytic hypochromic anemia (iron deficiency versus thalassemia minor) and macrocytic anemia (megaloblastic anemia) . Today the vast study of different chronic diseases especially of cardiac¡ renal¡ diabet and cancer showed that RDW can be used as a potent independent factor for prognosis and monitoring chronic diseases. It is now approved that not only iron and vitamins deficiency affect RDW level but also different pathologic conditions such as telomere length¡ stress¡ neuroendocrine abnormalities¡ hypoxemia¡ and malnutrition and influences RDW level.
Keywords: RDW, chronic diseases, mortality

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Dematiaceous Fungi: Clinical Aspects - Phaeohyphomycosis

Dr Mohammad Ghahri Pages 11-19

Phaeohyphomycosis is a group of fungal infections caused by hyphomycetous fungi that develop in the host tissues in the form of dark-walled dematiaceous septate mycelia elements. Phaeohyphomycosis has been divided into four disease categories: superficial¡ cutaneous and corneal¡ subcutaneous¡ and systemic. Because of the unique pathologic features that allow their distinction from chromoblastomycosis and eumycotic mycetoma have traditionally been considered separated from phaeohyphomycosis. The number of organisms implicated as etiologic agents of Phaeohyphomycosis has grown over the last decade. Tinea nigra¡ is a superficial cutaneous fungal infection caused by Phaeoannellomyces werneckii¡ is endemic in tropical and subtropical coastal regions in the Caribbean¡ Central and South America¡ Asia¡ and Africa. Black piedra is a fungal infection of the hair shafts of humans and animals caused by Piedraia hortae. Infection occurs predominantly in the tropical climates of Central and South America¡ Southeast Asia¡ and the South Pacific islands. Some agents of Phaeohyphomycosis are capable of causing dermatomycosis and onychomycosis similar to those caused by dermatophytes. Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis¡ which also appears in the literature under the label phaeomycotic cyst¡ is an uncommon localized infection of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissues caused by dematiaceous fungi.
Keywords: Pheohyphomycet, Dematiaceous Fungi, Phaeohyphomycosis, tinea nigra, black piedra, onychomycosis, dermatomycosis

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Therapeutic Effects of thiamine (vitamin B1) in the Improvement of Vascular Complications of Diabetic Patients

Dr Nahid Einollahi Fatemeh Safari Pages 20-28

Introduction
Various pathogenesis and daily increase in number of diabetic patients¡ emphasizes the necessity of finding new therapeutic methods. Nowadays¡ physicians focus on controlling the blood sugar¡ although the protections against diabetic complications like: retinopathy¡ nephropathy and neuropathy are being ignored. Several studies on diabetic patients suggest that thiamine metabolism in diabetic is deficient. Thiamine(vitamin B1) is an essential cofactor of several enzymes involved in carbohydrates metabolism. Therefore¡ the aim of this study is to review the physiological role of thiamine in metabolism of glucose and the effectiveness of thiamine on lowering the secondary diabetes complication.
Materials And Methods
The study is done by searching the English and Persian databases like: Pubmed¡ Scopus¡ Proquest¡ Google scholar¡ SID¡ Magiran and Iranmedex with the terms: thiamine¡ diabetes¡ retinopathy¡ neuropathy and nephropathy between the years 1988 till 2015. Among 50 related articles¡ 38 with the full text access were included.
Results
Thiamine blocks many harmful hyperglycemia-pathway like: hexosamine pathway¡ AGE formation¡ PKC activation; though it increases the activation of transketolase enzyme. Thus thiamine is a good therapeutic option.
Keywords: thiamine, diabetes, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy

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Quantum management and toxic management; a systematic review in clinical laboratory system

Dr Hossien Dargahi Zeynab Partovi Shayan, Mr Ali Akbar Razghandi Mina Morravegi Pages 29-45

There are several management styles to administrate the health care organizations¡ for examples clinical laboratories¡ but one of the traditional styles is toxic management that induce serious problems in all organizations and finally¡ this management styles will damage and destroy the organization. Disability of strategic thought and lack of effective communication with the employees as the main characteristics of toxic management lead to impede the attaining of organizational goal. In new millennium ¡ organizations should compatible with environmental changes and innovation¡ and avoid the toxic management¡ In the other hand¡ quantum management had different characteristics in comparison with toxic management . Because quantum managers administrate their organizations and human resource logically and thoughtfully¡ and see the organization from down to up¡ and from internal to external of organization by quantum skills. Therefore¡ this research is aimed to introduce and explain the toxic management and quantum management and compare these two styles with each other as a systematic review research¡ in order to promote the clinical laboratories managers to use quantum management.
This research is a systematic review study that induced using toxic management¡ quantum management¡ and Management System as the key words for data collection by English and Persian search engines from 1994 to 2011. The quality and validity of articles analyzed and confirmed by CASP checklist. Finally¡ 29 references were selected for data collection.
Today´s organizations are developed hastily¡ therefore these organization should be ready to exposure with rapid change. Quantum management as a new scientific approach can lead organizations to use learning ability and knowledge capital of human resources. Certainly¡ this process is depend on elimination of toxic management and utilize the maximum learning ability¡ which may be used by some elective and appointive managers to perform inefficiently¡ and persist on ineffective policies and programs. Elimination of toxic management prepare the way to attain quantum management skills.
Keywords: Toxic management, Quantum management, Management System

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Estrogen receptor genes variations and breast cancer risk in Iran

Dr Sakineh Abbasi, Dr Patimah Ismail Pages 46-56

Background
Evidence suggests that alterations in estrogen signaling pathways¡ including estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β occur during breast cancer development and both genes polymorphisms have been found to be associated with breast cancer and clinical features of the disease in the western countries. In the current study¡ we evaluated the hypothesis that certain sequence variants of the ER-α and ER-β genes are associated with an additively increased risk for breast cancer in Iranian women breast cancer patients.
Methods
The genes were scanned in 150 Iranian patients with newly diagnosed invasive breast tumors and in healthy control individuals by PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method.
Results
Three SNPs rs2077647¡ rs1801132¡ rs2228480¡ in ER-α gene and one SNP rs1256054 in ER-β were revealed have additive effects in developing breast cancer and LN metastases. Also¡ SNP in codon 392 of estrogen receptor-β gene is more effective (10 folds and three folds) than those SNPs in codons 10¡ 325¡ 594 of estrogen receptor-α gene in developing familial breast cancer and LN metastases in breast cancer patients respectively.
Conclusion
SNPs in estrogen receptor α and β have additive effects in increasing risk for developing familial breast cancer and breast LN metastases among Iranian women breast cancer patients and furthermore SNP in codon 392 of estrogen receptor-β gene is more effective.
Keywords: Breast cancer, estrogen receptor, LN metastases, polymorphism

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A critical review on PCR, its types and applications

Mr Reza Bohloli Khiavi, Mr Tajodin Akbarzadeh Khiavi Zahra Rakhshidan, Mr Adel Nasiri Seyedeh Negar Modarres Sadrani Fatemeh Faraji Mazraeh Khalafi Pages 57-68

The invention of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been a milestone in the history of biological and medical sciences. The applications of PCR have not only completely revolutionised the research in the field of molecular genetics as well as animal and plant biotechnology¡ but the technique has also proved its relevance and ingenious utility in other fields of forensic sciences¡ molecular systematics¡ molecular epidemiology¡ archaeology¡ anthropology¡ evolutionary genetics¡ etc. as well. The conventional PCR led to the emergence of RT-PCR¡ qPCR and combined RT-PCR/q-PCR. PCR has also enabled the successful completion of the human genome project by enabling the amplification and sequencing of the human genes¡ which has further laid the foundation of genetic engineering and has now even made it possible to make useful changes in the genome of an organism. The variants of PCR are now being successfully used in most of the recent advances made in the sciences of modern era.
Keywords: Standard PCR, Variants, RT, PCR, qPCR, RT, PCR, qPCR combined

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