فصلنامه رفاه اجتماعی
پیاپی 58 (پاییز 1394)

Indicator and indexes of social welfare measures changes resulting from the implementation of social policies, and due to the importance of identifying this indexes, this study evaluate expert opinion on choice of priority social welfare dimensions and indicators for Iran. 25 members of multi-professional expert group completed a structured questionnaire in two rounds, rating their agreement with proposed items on a scale from 0-10 and annotating with additional comments. The median and range were calculated to give a statistical average of the experts’ ratings. in view of experts, employment (mean 9.52 (0-10)), economic (mean 9.30 (0-10)), social insurance (mean 8.76 (0-10)), health (mean 8.42 (0-10)), education (mean 7.45 (0-10)), housing (mean 6.65 (0-10)) were the most important dimensions of social welfare, and, Unemployment rate (14 votes), social insurance coverage (10 votes), life expectancy at birth (7votes), Home ownership rate (7 votes), literacy rate for people over 6 years(6 votes), School enrollment rate (5 votes), Gini coefficient(5 votes), Inflation rate (4votes) and GDP per capita (3 votes) were the most important indicators of social welfare. Comparing the findings with similar studies indicates priority of objective and material dimensions of social welfare in Iran.

Poverty, education and economic growth are three macro-economic variables that sometimes are closely related together and sometimes their relation is complicated. Accordingly, the present study has been tried to identify and modeling the relationship between these three variables. To achieve this goal, firstly using by Granger causality relationship between these three variables has been identified and then for the period 1363-1389 is modeled in the framework of Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Method (ARDL). Granger causality test results showed the direction of causality is from economic growth and education to poverty. Modeling the results of Granger causality test in framework of the ARDL model also shows that poverty, education and economic growth are co-integrate. In other words, long-term relationship exists between them. Also, the results of this model show that the education with one lag in short and long term has a negative and significant effect on poverty indicator in Iran. Also, the relationship between economic growth and poverty is reverse in the short and long term. Finally, the result of error correction model (ECM) showed the speed of adjustment toward long-run equilibrium in the poverty model slowly being carried out. with increasing economic growth and education, measuring of poverty in the society will decrease in the short and long term. Also, if a shock is inserted into the model, two periods are needed to model adjust itself, and again to get the initial equilibrium.

The principle of fundamental changes in variables such as environmental, health and social care is a community and its realization requires coordination between the different aspects of it. Following the emergence of a significant drop in the quality of the environmental problems caused by the massive urbanization of cities, the study of the effect of health problems - environmental, aimed at improving public health - urban environment becomes necessary. The urban and regional planning in general and sustainable development in urban planning in particular, following the all-round development in various aspects of urban spaces. This descriptive analytical study using Entropy-VIKOR and TOPSIS models and software, GIS, Excel is the issue. To determine the variables studied using 56 health indicators - environmental and developmental nature - applied rating and healthy city in Yazd province has been assessed. The results of research have shown that between the city, the urban health indicators studied is a big difference. So that the average rate of 277/0 percent Anhrf for each index with the highest degree of deviation from the indicators is 852/0 percent. TOPSIS model based on the results of all the provisions of the model has been confirmed VIKOR and generally Yazd city of TOPSIS, 496/0 percent as the best city and the city seal with the TOPSIS, 108/0 percent of the city's most disadvantaged indexes are. Therefore, forward-looking planning and sustainable development in the province's Healthy City approach is particularly so because the results will tell much difference in development between regions.

The subsidy targeting program through cash transfer in Iran, established in 2010, has influenced the quality of social life as well as nutritional status of Iranian households. In this qualitative study, views and understanding of urban women in Tehran about the program was evaluated. This study was part of a research project entitled “Effectiveness of subsidy targeting through cash transfer on food security and nutritional status of urban population in Tehran: evaluation of a program”. To collect data, seven semi-structured focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted with 76 women who have experienced the effects of cash transfer program on their households as mother, wife or daughter. Based on open sampling, with the aim of maximum variation of the participants’ experiences, three socio-demographically diverse distinct from the north, centre and south of Tehran metropolis were selected. All the FGDs were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data collection and analysis were done simultaneously using the Constant Comparative Methods in the qualitative research. In the face of initial manifest goals of the subsidy targeting program through cash transfer to reduce social inequalities and poverty at multiple levels, this program has in practice increased the relative deprivation and social gaps in residents of Iranian metropolises like Tehran. FGDs showed that social observability and participation of members of household in social events has decreased as major components of social capital. Moreover, most of the participants believed that the dependency ratio has gone into reverse down in urban households in Tehran and couples in reproductive age have ever-increasingly become dependent on aged members of their families for managing their livelihood. Some women believed that this program has increased the domestic violence and decreased their hope to the future of their children which in turn could led to lower childbearing and population growth. In contrast, some women evaluated it as a good program, which was not implemented well. Cash transfer Program in Tehran has raised negative and positive viewpoints in women based on its impacts on inflation and household expenditures which their understanding and analysis can be useful in conducting the future steps of the program.

Indicator and indexes of social welfare measures changes resulting from the implementation of social policies, and due to the importance of identifying this indexes, this study evaluate expert opinion on choice of priority social welfare dimensions and indicators for Iran.

25 members of multi-professional expert group completed a structured questionnaire in two rounds, rating their agreement with proposed items on a scale from 0-10 and annotating with additional comments. The median and range were calculated to give a statistical average of the experts’ ratings.

in view of experts, employment (mean 9.52 (0-10)), economic (mean 9.30 (0-10)), social insurance (mean 8.76 (0-10)), health (mean 8.42 (0-10)), education (mean 7.45 (0-10)), housing (mean 6.65 (0-10)) were the most important dimensions of social welfare, and, Unemployment rate (14 votes), social insurance coverage (10 votes), life expectancy at birth (7votes), Home ownership rate (7 votes), literacy rate for people over 6 years(6 votes), School enrollment rate (5 votes), Gini coefficient(5 votes), Inflation rate (4votes) and GDP per capita (3 votes) were the most important indicators of social welfare.

Comparing the findings with similar studies indicates priority of objective and material dimensions of social welfare in Iran.

According to the role of mental health in increasing staff efficiency and quality of services this article examines the relationship between job characteristics and mental health, of staff public and private rehabilitation centers under the auspices of the Welfare Organization Tehran.

The research sample included 104 rehabilitation staff in public and private rehabilitation centers. In this cross sectional descriptive analytic study the GHQ-28 questionnaire and an adapted version of the Hackman & Oldham questionnaire were used to collect data.

The findings revealed that in terms of job characteristics, the dimensions of skill variety, task identity, task significance and feedback had a negative correlation with mental health, such that with increase in the scores of job characteristics and it’s dimensions, the scores in mental health decreased, indicating a better status of mental health in rehabilitation staff. Regression analysis showed that the dimensions of task significance and feedback had higher explanatory power for mental health.

Considering the above results it can be concluded that significant correlation exists between job characteristics and mental health in rehabilitation staff. By providing better job characteristics in the work place, managers of rehabilitation centers can help promote the mental health of their staff.

Disability or incapacity can be classed as being both a hidden and unhidden phenomena of human life today. It can be said to be unconcealed because the rate for persons with disabilities is very high and growing, and concealed because it has not been paid attention to by the society and social policy makers. Throughout history, dealing with disability has taken different forms including, on the one hand, humane treatment and on the other, it is dealt with through discrimination. By applying a sociological approach, this present paper intends to examine existing data regarding disability on both national and global levels and to introduce disability as a social problem.The results indicate that the disabled population is increasing worldwide, and that their problems and needs are increasing day by day.Critical review of literature: Reviewed several studies show that there is a medical-management approach to the phenomenon of disability. This research is a kind of eclecticism and about the phenomenon of disability as a social problem not focused. Although most of them are want to solve the problem of people with disabilities. But in the situation of the disabled and the consequences associated with it within the social system have failed.Discuddion: The disabled community, in terms of access to social amenities, education, employment, equal opportunity, economic resources, as well as many other areas of social services, is suffering and needs to receive more help and attention by officials and policy makers. In comparison with other groups and minorities, the disabled have had more restrictions, but in terms of the policy- making system, they are less included, so their problems have not been well identified.

Given that unequal opportunity in society and consequent unequal access to urban facilities and amenities are the main reasons responsible for handicapped and disabled people, this paper aims to probe the lived experience of visual handicapped people in interaction with urban space in the city of Tehran, through studying the fact that how will these spaces provide the equal chances and accesses for these people. According to the purpose of research, this study is based on qualitative method. A method of deep half structured interview has been used to collect data from the field. For this purpose, thirty visually handicapped persons living in the city of Tehran were chosen. The findings indicated that urban spaces in the city of Tehran provide a lot of physical and social obstacles for the blinded to participate in the society. This in turn puts forward a risk of threatening their physical and psycho health, imposing a dependency situation and neediness on them as well as facing them with people’s improper attitudes and treatments towards them. This means that their pattern of living has been limited to basic activities, reducing their choices and social interactions. Regarding the research findings, the paper argues that in spite of some measures and attempts by concerned agencies and authorities, yet most of the handicapped, particularly the blind, in city of Tehran, have no equally proper access to urban spaces and facilities, based on citizen rights.

With regard to functions of religion in producing meaning and encouraging positive attitudes in life, present research investigates the relationship between religiosity and religion among people with physical disability in Tehran Hospices. This study has been done by survey and correlation design and questionnaires AL port’s religiosity and Oxford’s happiness among 248 persons People with Physical Disability in Tehran Hospices. There is a strong correlation between intrinsic religiosity and extrinsic religiosity with happiness. In addition, this relationship is stronger in intrinsic religiosity with happiness than extrinsic religiosity. Although religiosity with producing knowledge about life and giving meaning in life, will provide proper framework for happiness of people with physical disability, but this relationship isnt linear and various possible mediators have effect on its that this relationship must be investigated separately.

The goal of this research is the prevalence of learning disabilities in family-like children are under the care of Tehran Welfare Organization and comparing that according to Demographic variables. Data statistical sample was done by using (CLDQ) Colorado questionnaire and Self-made worksheet in case of Census. After screening 34 people were deleted from research cycle due to intellectual Power, behavioral and physical problems and The final statistical sample data that is collected through purposive sampling (individual=297) was analyzed through SP and the chi-square tests and SPSS software. Research findings indicate that a relatively high incidence of learning disabilities in samples (12/4) and its high prevalence in girls (13 per cent) than boys (6%) is evident. Some demographic variables in comparison with learning disabilities as a whole and the sub-scales separation are meaningful in 5% level. We can conclude that; Due to the special nature of this research, there are some differences in the prevalence and some demographic variables in comparison with learning disabilities in family-like children, predicts learning disabilities.