پژوهشنامه علوم انسانی و اجتماعی
پیاپی 15 (زمستان 1383)

The purpose of the present paper is to identify and analyze Iran’s non-fuel export dynamism by using different dynamism criteria from 1998 to 2002. The study is based on recent research, especially that performed by Mayer et al. (2002). The findings of the study point to the existence of almost all of the dynamic export products in Iran’s total exports. However, they indicate that the export dynamism is so low that their share was barely 4.2 percent in 2002. These finding can have implications for the extension of the share of non-oil exports. More specifically, considering the characteristics of export dynamism, industrial upgrading, and more active participation in regional economic institutions it is of crucial significance to pay more serious attention, to international export, to remove the barriers of domestic production in order to increase dynamic product export and to enhance non-oil export.

The purpose of the present paper is to examine the relationship between the educated employment and the economic comparative advantage of university graduates in Northern provinces of Iran during 1996-2002. To do so, a sample of university graduates who had completed their undergraduate studies during 19996-2002 have been chosen from all three main states universities in Northern provinces of Iran to find out their employment situations - if any - since graduation.While it has been shown that the Northern provinces of Iran all enjoy revealed comparative advantage from value-added point of view in sectors related to agriculture and this may lead policy makers to justify more student enrollments in the fields of studies related to agriculture, yet at the same time it was found that due to inability of economic sectors to hire the university graduates majoring in the fields related to agriculture most of them remained unemployed, this being a conflict itself. In order to overcome the above conflict it is suggested that the agriculture sector be modernized in these provinces to absorb and employ more university graduates.

Estimation of demand function for labor is of great importance, for such estimation explains what determines the labor. The higher the unemployment rate, the greater the importance of the research. Since Khuzestan has been characterized by high unemployment rate, it can be conveniently chosen for case study. The Present research aims to estimate the demand for labor in Khuzestan and to analyze the determinants, using econometric methods. The period of the study is 1966-2001.The findings show that the demand for labor is affected directly by the stock of capital and the ratio of labor to capital, while employment affects, after a time lag, demand for labor inversely.

The purpose of the present paper is to determine factors affecting government current expenditures during 1338-1380. To do this, after reviewing the related literature and the necessary data published by Management and Planning Organization, the central Bank and Center for Iran’s Statistics. The ordinary least squares (OLS) method was applied to estimate the relevant regression models.The most important explanatory variables attended to in the present study are: inflation rate, rate of unemployment, the number of students, the population of the country, real and current GDP, taxes, oil revenues, exchange rate and the number of the civil servants. The estimated results of our regression models confirm positive and significant relationship between all explanatory variables and government current expenditures. It is also shown that population, rate of inflation, and the government employment have played most significant roles in that order.The study suggests that in order to alleviate the heavy burden of the government current expenditures, especially where there is no possibility of raising more revenue, private sector should be allowed to have more share in the economy and such affairs as education be undertaken by the private sector.

Labor force in general and employment in particular are among the critical economic issues. In Iran’s economy, employment is a major concern of economic policy-makers. The investigation of the trend of employment in the country as well as in different regions involves accurate information about the potentials and capabilities of different areas and their configurations. This will reader planning for balanced employment in each region possible. The present study aims to determine the employment status of the sectors and major activity groups of cities in Iran during 1372 and 1382. To do so, “Shift-share method” was applied to distinguish sectors enjoying a relative advantage and competive power. Appling LQ index, those basic sectors which were able to export their words force were detected.The results of the study indicate that, among the ten activity sectors, the sectors of the study indicate that, among the ten activity sectors, the sectors of mining, construction, water, electricity and gas, whole-sales, transportation and financial services are of positive competitive effects, the sector composition effects being positive as well. Based on the above findings, one can conclude that these sectors are expected to play a substantial role in the economy of the country in future. The study also revealed that in 1372, all of the above sectors except agriculture and mining were among the basic groups sectors.

Panel data was used to investigate the effect of right issue on earning/price of the registered companies in Tehran stock exchange (TSE). ‏Tests of the Hypotheses were carried out using random classified sampling during 2000-2001. The results show that there is no significant effect of right issue on the companies’ earning/price. Similarly, there has been no significant difference between the eaning/price average of those companies using right issue and those which had not used the right issue.