پژوهشنامه علوم انسانی و اجتماعی
پیاپی 25 (تابستان 1386)

Certainly, policymaking and managing cities whithout people participation and utilizing new methods of management is impossible. Town council is institution including the candidates of citizens which prepare people participations in policymaking and urban management. The main purpose of this article is answering the question that whether is there any significant differences between the impressiveness of the municipality before establishing town council and after it? For achieving this purpose, the necessary information was collected with 40 close questions with questionnaire. Statistical society of this research is citizens, Municipality’s staffs and the dependent institutions. Collected data has analyzed by statistical software “SPSS”. The results show us, according to the staff opinions; there are no significant differences between impressiveness of Municipality before establishing council and after it while the elected mayor’s by council were more weak than before. According to citizen’s idea there are significant differences between effectiveness of municipality before and after establishing town council while for electing the mayor’s there are no significant differences.

Aaker (1991) believes that images and brand associations constitute the basis of buying decision and reliability for a brand. In the present research, the effects of brand associations (guarantee, personal identification, social identification, status and prestige) of consumers’ responses (through: acceptance of brand extensions, recommendations to others, and payment of price premiums) towards various mobile brands in Tehran have been investigated. In this survey research, opinions of some 360 individual mobile users, chosen through simple random sampling method, have been collected and analyzed with the help of SPSS and LISREL soft wares. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques were applied as analytical tools. Research findings indicate that there are positive relationships between: a) “guarantee” and consumers’ “brand recommendation”; and b) between “personal identification” of the consumers, from one hand, and “payment of premium price” and “acceptance of brand extensions”, from the other hand. Research finding also shows a negative relationship between “social identification” of the consumers and their “acceptance of brand extensions”.

The recognizing absolute and comparative advantage are necessary to right policy making and allocating economic rare resource. in this case, activities would be efficient and exports encourage too. These policies led to economic development and growth planning. directing restricted recourses to absolute and comparative advantage is as primary condition.Having actual image of country industry section with relay to quantitative and scientific index not only optimize any investment but also secure all short and long activities effectiveness.This article are explore priorities with emphasizing of Revealed Comparative Advantage(RCA) according to International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). After calculate selected criteria, they have ranked with Numerical Taxonomy Analysis Research finding indicate there are three industry groups: first, group have both comparative advantage and absolute advantage, Second group, have comparative advantage, but doesnt have absolute advantage and third group, have absolute advantage without comparative advantage.

For firms to be successful in competition arenas, one of the essential competences is to have marketing knowledge and skill. It is obvious that one of the effective factors affecting Iranian firm's competitiveness in international arenas is practical and scientific improvements in marketing. There can be many reasons for unsuccessful marketing plans in firms, however, in this research study, we focus on brand equity because of the importance of brand name and brand symbol. We use a customer-based brand equity model, based on Aaker's well-known conceptual framework of brand equity. The study concludes that marketing managers on their general assessments about brand equity should concern about the importance of brand equity dimensions. Finally, the study employed structural equation modeling to investigate the causal relationships between the dimensions of brand equity and brand equity itself in sport shoes industry in Iran.

Measuring the efficiency of Investment Company have been become an important issue not only for researches, but also for managers and investors who consider share purchasing of this companies for decreasing the investment risk. The purpose of this article is first using non-parametric approach to classify the investment companies into two groups of efficient and nonefficient companies. Then, ranking effieciency DMUs by using three methods of A&P، CEM and DEA / AHP.

Stock return is an important measurement in financial decision making. The main goal of this paper is to survey the relationship between Stock return and Economic Value Added (EVA), Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA), Earnings per Share (EPS), Cash from Operations (CFO), Financial Leverage (FL), and Percentage of Dividend Payout (DPS) in Tehran Stock Exchange. Therefore 51 firms of statistical society that their necessary information for a five years period was available are selected. Then information about 7 independent variables is studied and SRE was measured as the dependent variable. Simple regression technique was used to examine the hypotheses. We used panel data and cross sectional regressions to examine the hypotheses. The significance of the models was tested according to T-test and F-test. The conclusions indicate that there are some significant and approximately stable between annual stock return and some internal performance measurements such as ROE, ROA and EPS in the sample period.