نشریه مطالعات تقریبی مذاهب اسلامی (فروغ وحدت)
پیاپی 26 (زمستان 1390)

Imam Ali (PH) with his facile insight that is indicant of his high status invited everyone to encumber by high human values. In this case, one of issues that Imam Ali (PH) pointed out to its importance in polics is the way of governing and the characteriscs of rulers. This research examining Nahjol Balaqeh’s perspecve in harmonizing the behavior and promises of Muslim rulers in managing affairs, because some rulers with lying and giving unfilled promises trying to aract trust of others to achieve their revenue, so for this reason Imam (PH) always for managing affairs recommit to his governors to be in harmony with their behavior and promises, unl the words of governors be effecve on people and instuonalize pragmasm [be faithful to their acts and promises] in managing affairs. In this case the governors must act to Qur’an and Sonnah with a clear logic and avoiding from factors that cause to departure from government and management.

The role of a number of Shia scholars and grandee is very remarkable and notablein obtaining ground of understanding and empathy between the followers of Islamic sects. Including from them is Mohammad Reza Mozafar who according to circumstances of the me, growth of westernizaon and hegemony of colonizaon in many Islamic countries he aempt to reviving unity and proximity between Islamic sects. Including his measures in this case was ordering academic and educave saaon of seminaries (Houzeh Al Elmiyah) and upward the awareness of Islamic science’s students. He supposed Zionism is a great danger for Islam and for this reason believed that the leaders of Islamic countries must not face with it by negligence. From his point of view if Islamic progressive laws and recommends applied completely in the world then stable peace would appeal between all human in the world and all people would reach to weal and perfecon.

This arcle is examining differences between Abolhasan Ash’ari and Imam Fakhr Razi which they belong to same thinking system but had disagreements in some points. The first secon of this arcle would explain their Kalami differences in subjects such as virtues of God, Fatalism and Free will and … also their approach through different sects. In the second secon [the arcle] would discuss reasons of their disagreements such as improvement of Kalam of Ash’ari, approach to Qur’an in their thoughts and features of their me and …. Abolhasan Ash’ari in his various books cricized Mo’tazeleh aer renunciaon from them. The most important point was the issue of Ta’vil and using philosophers ideas by Mo’tazeleh thoughts, and he in some points go to intellectualism atude such as in proof of God’s existence but there is no doubt that he had not had moon to make Kalam as a philosophy. However tradionalism (Sonnah) had connuity in process of his life, and his Kalami’s system despite of all outward differences with Hanbalis was a connuous point for their thoughts. At the contrary Imam Fakhr Razi was a thinker who linked Kalam to intellectualism and in this path his searching, acve and cric mind was effecve, because he couldn’t merely stay on one idea. He accepted some theories as a truth but his searching [mind] again made him to accept another idea, and in this case points such as becoming familiar with philosophers’ works and geng effect from them, features of his me, his tendency to intellectualism and… had a great effect on him. Therefore it is natural that he cricized philosophers, Hanabalis and other sects and because of these influences had differences with Abolhasan Ash’ari in some points who had a same religion with him however he cricized him a lot.

Aer fall of the Caliphate, establishment of a structure and a new religious organizaon it seems necessity to could revive a Caliphate system on its bases. Perhaps Hasan Albanna was the first person who became aware of the importance of organizaonal systems and with using his ingenuity in management tasks engaged with organizing the Associaon. Acvies of this Associaon did not limited in Egypt boundaries and rapidly started to aracted new manpower in other countries such as Somalia, Syria, Lebanon, Sudan, Jordan, Palesne, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, France, Bahrain and India. The Associaon in first years of its establishment of the movement started to publish and compilaon its own fundamental law and they undertake different headquarters in various fields for achieving to their goals. They addion to these headquarters, embarked to organizing members in scouts groups, mobile excursions, baalion and finally special organizaon.

Holy Qur’an is a strange training book. When Qur’an is drawing the scene of resurrecon for human kind, says: resurrecon is a day that all of people go to the God’s jusce judge in harmonize queue, while their harmony of ideas and acons are a scale for their division. Their hands are empty from anything and passed all worldly dependences. The acon’s leer is not closed and everything would speak and ingeminate human’s small and big acons, and above of all this acons and thoughts will become alive, will manifested and each person’s manifested acon will surround around him/her, in the way people are engaged with him/her self that the mother would forget his child and the child will forget the parents completely. Quesoning and answering is general in resurrecon and this will accomplish from all people. Eventually they will queson from prophets and people who thisprophets came to them. They will ask from first group that did they obedient or not?And from second group will ask that did they nofy or not? Though God is aware from their acons, but He will threat them to become ready for such a quesons. Some said: from naon will ask, did they accept or not and will ask from prophets that people how treated them? They will queson from naons for reprimand and from prophets for witness. Resurrecon has different stages and staons. In some of these stages quesoning is from all and quesons from sinners, but in other staons wont queson anyone and only will punish them. A queson that will ask in resurrecon from sinners is for discovering the truth because God is aware of their acons rather queson is for geng confusion and ulmatum and this is a mental torture.

The most important point in a upraising is moons and aims that are explanatory and illuminang for social, cultural and religious recourses which illustrate roots of other upraising and would conclude to a result. In clearer words, aims and moons are verbal aspect and apparent hidden ideas and covert thoughts of that upraising that are behind it and prepare situaon for the insurrecon. Abu Moslem Khorasani who speak contradictory through his parentages in resources, dedicated to serve Isa Ebn Ma’qal A’jali’s family and had special devoon on Shia religion and from this way became familiar with Alaviyan’s uprisings and became responsible to leading a insurrecon, and eventually he shown himself as a supporter of Alaviyan’s upraising, and for supporng Alaviyan he even killed opposions groups in the majority of areas in the Empire. He in this situaon with his high polical sense and with showing the jusce’s nature of upraising could exploit from Alaviyan’s insurrecon that made the whole Empire unsteady. Alaviyan’s upraising and other people’s insurrecon such as Zeid Ebn Ali, Yahya Ebn Zeid and Abdullah Ebn Moa’viye Ebn Ja’far Talebi did not obtain the under mind results because of inharmonic and me shortage, and they were unsuccessful for achieving their success. For this reason, there was a need for a person who could find the roots of these insurrecons and coordinated with its aims that was destroying Omaviyan’s family, and this person was Abu Moslem Khorasani who with srring in margins, avoiding from balefields and organizing his first hidden movement could take advantage from these upraisings.