فصلنامه پرستاری، مامایی و پیراپزشکی
سال سوم شماره 1 (تابستان 1396)

Diabetes can not be treated, but it can be controlled by treatment regimens. Failure to adhere to therapeutic regimens leads to rapid onset of diabetes complications and undesirable metabolic control and poor clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the status of medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes.
In this integrated review, all Persian and English articles with full text (from 2000 onwards) were reviewed for medication adherence in type II diabetic patients. These studies are available from the national and international databases SID, Magiran and Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus with the keywords "compliance", "concordance" and "adherence" and finally, 53 articles were included in the study.
A review of 53 related articles showed that depression, financial problems, adverse drug reactions and illness, memory problems, multiple drug use and complexity of the diet were among the most important inhibitors of adherence to the diet of diabetic patients. Belief in the necessity of medications and patient support were also among the most facilitators of adherence to treatment.
Considering the importance of medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes and high prevalence of non compliance with treatment, patients should be trained in this field and measures should be taken to remove medication adherence inhibitors.

The main principle in osteoporosis prevention is to understand the mindset, general lifestyle and daily routines of individuals. Since the years of childhood and adolescence are the golden time to increase bone mass, the aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice related to prevention of osteoporosis in adolescent girls.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 209 adolescent girls selected by a multi-stage sampling design from girlish high schools in Quchan City in 2017. The researcher-made questionnaire consisted of 38 questions and four sections containing demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and pracice of adolescents in the prevention of osteoporosis. After performing the validity and reliability the participants completed the questionnaires in a self-reported manner with informed consent. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18 using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Most of the adolescent girls reported moderate awareness (59.3%), attitude in a good level (75.1%), and moderate practice (66.5%). There was a significant relationship between attitude in prevention of osteoporosis and mother's job (p = 0.045).
According to the results of the study, which showed that adolescent girls had a moderate level of knowledge and practice despite having good attitudes, the need for educational programs through mass media and conducting educational classes was necessary, as well as providing free sports facilities and Careful monitoring of girl's nutrition in schools is another important measure.

Academic self-efficacy implies a person's belief in his or her abilities in achieving educational goals and activities, the formation of which is influenced by various factors. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between family cohesion and academic self-efficacy in students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2015-2016.
Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study the statistical population was Kurdistan University of medical sciences students, among whom 500 were studied. In this study, random stratified sampling with proportional allocation was used and each faculty was considered as a category, and the final samples were randomly selected from the classrooms from each faculty considering the share of the students of that faculty. Data were collected by Fischer Family Integrity Questionnaire and Educational Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. After completing questionnaires by the students, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
The mean score of family cohesion among the students was 59.07±11.24 and the mean score of the academic self-efficacy of the students was 103.45±18.88. There was a positive and significant relationship between academic self-efficacy and family cohesion among students (r=0.43, p It is recommended to hold educational classes on the importance of families and their togetherness, as well as good and appropriate emotional relationships with each other for parents in health centers in Sanandaj.

Educational self-efficacy implies a person's belief in his or her abilities in achieving educational goals and activities, the formation of which is influenced by various factors. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between academic self-efficacy and demographic variables in students of Kurdistan and Islamic Azad universities of Sanandaj during the academic year of 2011-2012.
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 398 students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad University in Sanandaj during the academic year of 2015-2016. Sampling method was clustered. Demographic information form and academic self-efficacy questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20 and descriptive and inferential statistics including mean, standard deviation, independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were analyzed.
The mean score of academic self-efficacy of students was 100 ± 64.41 ± 12.04. Two groups of students in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (64.49 ± 12.13) and Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj (11.57 ± 63.90) did not have a significant difference in self-efficacy scores (p=0.65). There was a significant difference between academic self-efficacy and mother's job (p = 0.004) and household economic status (p = 0.02).
The average score of student's academic performance is higher than average; variables such as having financial resources and parental education can be considered as effective factors in increasing student self-efficacy beliefs.

The education and training of nursing PhD students is of great importance because they are expected to act as factors for the advancement of nursing science, professional counselors and future nursing researchers. The aim of this study was to compare the Iranian nursing curriculum with the two countries of Turkey and Jordan.
Methods & Materials: A descriptive-comparative study was conducted in 2017. In this study, Iran's nursing education system was compared in PhD level with the components of educational program of the two countries of Turkey and Jordan. After searching the Internet, the required data was collected and using the Bread Model, four stages of description, interpretation, juxtaposition and comparison were done.
The beginning of Ph.D. nursing education in Turkey, Iran and Jordan was in 1972, 1995 and 2005, respectively. With regard to the characteristics and structure of the course among the three countries, there were many similarities. The only difference was that in Turkey, there were different branches in nursing and the possibility to enter the Ph.D. from the bachelor's degree. None of these three mentioned countries, uses advanced educational and telemedicine technologies.
According to the results of this study, while considering the role and duties of nursing graduates and taking into account the complex and changing needs of society, it is suggested to make reviews in the goals, mission, curriculum content, presentation and evaluation of this course.

Hemodialysis is one of the alternative therapies in patients with end stage renal disease. Despite the vital role of hemodialysis in maintaining life, these patients face a lot of physical, mental and social problems. The hemodialysis status of patients in the long run is influenced by the adequacy of hemodialysis treatment and its analysis is particularly important in the management of patients. The present study was conducted to determine the adequacy of hemodialysis in hemodialysis patients in Sanandaj.
In this cross-sectional study, 143 patients undergoing hemodialysis referring to the dialysis ward of Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj city were selected by census. The data collection tool comprised of demographic characteristics and calculation, recording the value of the hemodialysis adequacy index (KT/V). All calculations were performed using SPSS 21 software using descriptive and inferential tests.
The results of the study showed that the average total score of hemodialysis adequacy was 1.32±0.28. Patient hemodialysis adequacy was in a favorable situation (58%). Among all demographic variables, only gender had significant correlation with hemodialysis adequacy. In women, hemodialysis adequacy score was significantly higher than males (P=0.001).
The majority of hemodialysis patients had satisfactory hemodialysis adequacy. However, in 40% of hemodialysis patients, the adequacy of hemodialysis was ineffective. Therefore, it is recommended that a periodic assessment of the adequacy of hemodialysis in hemodialysis centers should be undertaken to investigate its underlying causes.

Patient's bill of rights is one of the most important aspects of the clinical services that its observation can cause patient and staff satisfaction. Lack of it leads to complications and patient mistrust of the health care workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the perspective of patients and their relatives about the patients’ rights in hospitals of Khoy University of medical sciences.
In this descriptive-analytic study, 300 hospitalized patients and their relatives in Khoy hospitals were selected by Convenience sampling. Data were collected using valid and reliable questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software version 18 and using correlation and Chi-square tests.
Respecting rights in psychological realm from the perspective of patients (65/3%) were good and from the perspective of their relatives (52/7%) were moderate. Respecting rights in physical realm from the perspective of patients (70%) were good and from the perspective of their relatives (68/7%) were moderate. There was no significant relationship between respecting rights and age, gender, income, educational status and history of hospitalization (p> 0.05).
As regarded in this study, the degree of respecting rights was moderate to good, so, culture, paying attention to the rights of all stakeholders, identifying barriers and various factors, including the professional and environmental differences in the assessment of the need, should be considered by policy makers to design promotional and regulatory programs for improving the rights of the patient.