نشریه کاوش های جغرافیایی مناطق بیابانی
سال ششم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

The aim of this modeling initiative is to gain insight into the energy needs at dawn (6.30 o'clock in Tehran) in seven provinces including Qazvin, Qom, Central, Isfahan, Yazd, Fars and Kerman (i.e. Iran's arid and desert regions). For this purpose, the dynamical model data of EH5OM were downloaded from the Max Planck Physics Center under the A1B propagation scenario for the period from 01/01/2015 to 03/13/2010 at 03Z for 03Z. In the next step, for the microscale, the output data of the model were used using the REGCM4 model, and the data of the model were obtained with a spatial resolution of 0.27 × 0.27 arcs and an array of outputs of 13410 × 705. After the temperature of the heating clock (HDH) was calculated, the fractal theory was used to assess the behavioral outlook of this climate parameter. The results show that the maximum demand for the temperature of the hexagonal tail in the arid and desert regions of the country is 595 ° C in December and the minimum is 21 ° C in July. The results of fractal geometry also showed that the temperature of dawn warming in Iran's dry and desert regions serves as a sensitive nonlinear system that is more subject to long-term changes in the early and late months of the year and to short-term changes in summer. The trend evaluation and trend slope proved that, in most months of the year, the degree of warming of the dawn is reduced.

Isfahan province is beset by vegetation poverty in most of its pastures due to such climatic characteristics as low rainfall, high variability, high temperature, and high evapotranspiration especially in desert areas. The occurrence of erosions by the least wind blow in some areas has caused a flow of sand to cities, villages, military centers and so on. Therefore, recognizing wind tunnel removal sites can be of considerable help in combating wind erosion. In this paper, using meteorological and meteorological data, we tried to study the general morphology of sand dunes and the wind regime in each region in Segesi plain located in Isfahan province. Also, by locating harvest areas and identifying erosion-sensitive faces, we identified the areas that play the most role in wind sediments. The areas that are under wind erosion and without vegetation are identified to be the main source of dust. The distribution of available drug species and the NDVI vegetation in the region were studied too. The corresponding areas are good places where to plant medicinal plants, especially the herb Alhagi persarum, to reduce dust. Considering that this herb has the widest dispersal in the area, combining this map with the map of critical erosion centers indicates that the areas poorly covered by vegetation undego the worst wind erosion.

Nowadays, as experience has shown, wherever tourism is developed incidentally or without any specific planning and strategy, it creates many environmental and social problems. In such a case, in the long run, tourism problems would be more than its benefits. Reduction of the negative or destructive effects of tourism in host societies has been a concern to pave the way for sustainable tourism in recent decades. The present study was conducted to aim at the feasibility of sustainable tourism development in the city of Neyriz. The research methodology was based on a descriptive-analytic approach accompanied by field research through questionnaires. The data were collected using library-documentary studies as well as field studies. The sampling method was a simple random sampling one, and 382 questionnaires were distributed. Finally, the data were analyzed using SOAR analysis and statistical tests. The results of the research show that the city of Neyriz has many strengths and opportunities for sustainable tourism development. It was also found that the development of this industry can lead to reduction of unemployment, increase of services and catering centers, reduction of tourists’ cost of stay, and increase of per capita recreation space.

In recent years downscaling models are increasingly used in predicting climate variables. One of the application of the downscaling general circulation model (GCM) is used to predict the hydrological watershed. In this study, using rainfall data during the observed period (1961-1990), in the first step using SDSM model and data HadCM3 scenario A2, were simulated runoff in Khansar watershed located in southern Yazd previence. Then anticipated rainfall-runoff Khansar basin in 30-year period (2011-2040). After downscaling and forecast rainfall Meshkan station, the nearest meteorological stations in Band-paein basin, implemented rainfall and runoff forecasting Band-paein Station at the same period. The results show that, despite the fact that rainfall in the forecast period is 6% higher than the normal period, the rate of runoff from 19.3 million cubic meters during the 30 year period (normal climate) of 1971-2000 to 17.4 million cubic meters The period will be from 2011 to 2040, which is about 9% lower. The effects of changes in the distribution of rainfall means an important issue in the future, climate change is one of consequences. Therefore, it need to planning and management of water resources, particularly for the study in arid areas.

The sand ramp (or Kouh Rig as in Farsi) is a phenomenon formed by accumulation of sand and other materials in the upwind side or leeside of a mountain slope. This formation is due to the multiple interactions of extreme wind actions, feeding and displacement of sand, physical obstacles, and slope-induced processes. Unfortunately, the phenomenon is not well-known in the physical geography studies of Iran. The sand ramp, about five km west of Taft city, was selected to be investigated due to its relative intactness. Some sand samples were extracted from the depth of 0.4m and 4.2m on the top of the sand ramp. The samples were cleaned several times to provide pure quartz particles that were then analysed using the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating method. The results of dating indicated that the top half section of Farashâh sand ramp was probably accumulated during or near the last glacial maximum phase (something between 18000 to 24000 years ago). The results also emphasize that, in contrast to the theory of cold and wet conditions, with more rain during the glacial phases of Quaternary on the Iranian plateau, at least for parts of the glacial (cold) phases, colder and drier environments with very active winds were dominant on the central Iran.

This study provides an analysis of urban ecology in 22 districts of Tehran municipality. The research method is descriptive-analytic. In order to analyze the security ecology of Tehran and according to the research question, the research stages were divided into two parts. In the first section, four economic indicators, housing, facilities distribution, and urban reversal indicators were selected with which to examine the security status in Tehran's security ecology. Then, using the entropy model, each of the four indexes was weighted individually and analyzed using the Vicon model. Eventually, in order to achieve a general consensus in the model findings, the results were combined. Then, a questionnaire was prepared for measuring these criteria, and, for each of the four available dimensions, the questions were asked separately. Using means and standard deviations, the SPSS software analyzed the security ecology of Tehran. The results of the WIKUR research model, based on the statistical data from Tehran Municipality Statistics and Statistics Organization, showed that the northern parts of the city have a better ecological status than its southern districts. Districts 1, 3, 4 have the best conditions, and districts 15, and 17 have an ecologically unsafe status in most of the indicators. The findings of the ecological status questionnaire were similar. Districts 15, 17 and 21 are in the worst ecological conditions. Social factors were also considered as the most important and effective indicators in the field of security ecology of the city.

Geomorphological indicators are known as very useful methods for evaluating the effects of slow and fast tectonic activities. These indices can be used to compare different land forms in real and reasonable terms. This research aims to shed light on the mechanism and effectiveness of tectonic movements in Semnan basin using such geomorphic parameters as stream length-gradient, hypsometric integral, ratio of valley floor width to valley height, reverse topographic symmetry, drainage basin asymmetry, main river crinkle, mountain front simosity, drainage density, bifurcation ratio, and basin shape. These parameters serve as the model concepts. The physical devices used in this study included IRS satellite images, topographic maps, geological maps, and a geographic information system. To conduct the research, a digital evaluation model was designed for the study area using SRTM10m topographic data. Then, by means of the ARCMAP software, streams were delineated, the indices were measured, and statistical analyses were performed of the parameters. The results were obtained in the form of a map. The results of the data analysis according to the geomorphological indexes and the use of physical tools show that the tectonic activities in the area are moderate. Calculation of 10 geomorphic parameters in the study area represents a relatively active neotectonic activity in Semnan basin. According to the IAT index classification, Semnan basin can be placed in class 3 in terms of tectonic activities. The deep v-shaped valleys in the northern part of the region serve as evidence for such activities in the basin.

In this article, we analyzed the morphology of barchans (crescentic sand dunes) using morphometric features of seven components of this landform in the west of the Loot desert near Pashoeyeh village. The components were height, width, length of the right side, length of the left side, length of the right wing, length of the left wing, length of the back slope, length of the slip face, width of the barchan, slope of the windward, slope of the slip face, and area of the barchan. These components were calculated and analyzed for all barchans. To do the calculations, we used the SPSS software. Also, topographic maps on the scales of 1:250000 and 1:50000, aerial photos and Google earth images were used. Barchan morphometry showed that, with a decrease of the slope, the elevation of the slip face reduces too. Our study also showed that the biggest barchan was the fifth one. The reason is the position and oldness of the biggest one. The smallest barchan was formed from a tributary of the main barkhan. It was young and had an asymmetric shape. Most of the barchans in the study area, because of topographic barriers on the right and the prevailing wind direction from north and north west, had asymmetric shapes, and their left arms were greater than their right arms. In terms of correlation, the components of barchans proved to be correlated by more than 95%. This suggests that the different parts of a bachan grow in harmony with one another in line with the wind direction in the area. Also, the size of a barchan is correlated to the growth rate of its components.

Organizations have to consider a variety of management mechanisms to adapt to rapid environmental changes. Empowerment is one of these mechanisms which plays a key role in modern organizations in the age of knowledge. Meanwhile, nowadays, rural administration is one of the newly-established organizations in rural areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of psychological capabilities of rural administrators in the rural management and development process in Roshtkhar village. In this field study, 26 villages were selected and 26 rural administrations were considered as the sample population. Using the Cochran formula, 350 households were identified as the sample population. The questionnaires were randomly distributed based on the population and the size of the household in each village. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by the professors of the Department of Geography and Rural Planning and a group of senior experts in the Roshtkhar governorship. The coefficient of validity of the questionnaire was considered 0.85 for various (economic, social, environmental, developmental) aspects (0.85), and it was found to be 0.89 for the psychological capability aspects using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed using t-test in SPSS software and AmosGraphics software. The results indicate that psychological empowerment has a positive effect on improving rural management and development processes. Also, from the perspective of the sample population, the psychological capabilities of rural administrators in the developmental dimension with the t value of -34.05 were lower than the average. On the other hand, it was determined that the greatest effects of the psychological empowerment of rural administrators on rural development in Rastkhahr rural districts were related to the feeling of trust. The factor was at 0.662. Therefore, it is concluded that rural administrators who have higher levels of psychological empowerment have better performance in rural management and development.

Desertification is one the main problems of arid and semi-arid ecosystems in the world. The rapid growth of human population and excessive exploitation of resources have exacerbated the negative consequences of this phenomenon, such as poverty, diseases and human growth inequalities. So, In order to control and reduce desertification, presenting important strategies based on all the effective factors is necessary. This paper aims to provide a systematic and optimal de-desertification approach in a group decision-making model. For this aim, within the framework of multi-attribute decision-making procedure, a decision matrix was obtained by Delphi method. Then, the approach priority was determined by principal factor analysis. Based on the results, among 40 investigated strategies and 16 criteria, the strategies of development and reclamation of plant cover (A23), change of irrigation patterns (A33), prevention of improper change in land use (A18), and control of using groundwater sources (A31) were selected with the priority rates of 0.6122, 0.5102 and 0.4391 respectively. Thereby, they were introduced as the most important strategies to deal with desertification in the study area. The results and the ranks obtained in this study can be considered in projects of controlling or reducing the effects of desertification and in the plans for rehabilitation of degraded lands.