فصلنامه پژوهش های دانش انتظامی
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 58، تابستان 1392)

Community-based policing is a kind of police return to the community and it is not just a physical and apparent return; rather it is an attitudinal and approach return that the principle of crime prevention and citizens’ satisfaction are its offspring. He views the people as social capitals and to achieve his goals, which are creating and enhancing security, he finds himself to need their help. In this research, the effect of community-based approach on multidimensional components of police performance has been investigated and analyzed. The three components of community-based policing in this study are collaboration, problem solving, and accountability and the five police performance components are achieving the mission, physical capital, human capital, social capital, and structural capital. This research has been conducted in cross-sectional descriptive survey method and it is considered as an application research. The required data have been collected through questionnaire. For the sampling purpose, the population was divided into two groups of disciplinary commanders and staff experts. Of 75 staff experts and 181 disciplinary commanders, according to the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table that is equivalent with Cochran formula with. 05 errors, the sample size was considered 63 and 123, respectively. In order to measure the community-based components and police performance a questionnaire was developed. Finally, 186 copies were collected and the reliability and validity were confirmed. To analyze the relationship between the variables the structural equations were used. The research findings showed that community-based policing had a significant and positive effect on police performance suggesting 99% of confidence level. Regarding the coefficient of path analysis and t value and the level of significance it can be said that problem solving variable with confidence level of 99% and the variable of accountability with confidence level of 95% had a significant and positive effect on the personnel’s performance.

Background and the present study aimed to investigate the amount of social trust among the citizens in Sanandaj and to address the identification of the most important determinants on Sanandaj citizens’ social trust. Social trust is the dependent variable in this study that is examined by the dimensions of interpersonal trust and institutional trust with the agents of degree of intimacy and confidence. in order to investigate the trust in Sanandaj city, 260 residents over 16 years old that were considered as the active population were selected using stratified cluster sampling method with disproportionate size. It was conducted in survey method using questionnaire as the research tool. The obtained data were analyzed in two parts of descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings and the results indicated that there was a significant relationship between age, sense of security, life satisfaction, shared values and the extent of social trust. There was not a significant relationship between socio-economic base and the extent of social trust and there was not a significant relationship between gender and the extent of social trust either. The findings indicate that the extent of social trust as at the moderate level in Sanandaj city. The extent of interpersonal trust is moderate and upward and the extent of trust in institutions and organizations is upwardly moderate. The extent of trust in groups and guilds is moderate and upward; it indicates that the extent of trust in each other do not have a considerable difference with the extent of trust in institutions, groups, and guilds.

the aim of the current study is to compare the personality characteristics (Hypochondriacs, depression, hysteria and social psychosocial deviations) of criminals (thieves, crooks and smugglers). in terms of its goal, the present study is of applied research type and in terms of its nature it is of a causal-comparison research type. The sample population included 480 individuals of 2309 imprisoned criminals in central prison of Kermanshah Province. They were selected using systematically stratified random sampling method. The instrument used in this study was a Minnesota Multi-faceted Personality Inventory (71-item short form of MMPI). The results of the analysis of variance showed that there are significant differences in the four personality traits in the three groups of criminals (thieves, crooks and smugglers) in the measures of depression and psychopathy deviation (p<.05). the results of this study showed that one of the reasons for committing a crime is the existence of some psychological problems. Hence, the practitioners and experts of different field such as psychiatrists, psychologists, mental health professionals and all relevant organizations dealing with crime and risky behaviors are required to provide these individuals with a comprehensive personality assessment and along with the other supports take steps in the treatment of criminal personality disorders so that they can reduce the crime commitment and avoid other social problems.

the present paper has been conducted with the aims of investigating the effect and relationship between “proper enforcement of law” and “political stability” so that by determining the basic criteria of proper enforcement of law and political stability and recognizing this relationship, the importance of one of the most effective factors on political stability can be perceived. the present research is conducted in a survey method using Delphi technique. The experts’ opinions have been collected in this area using questionnaire’s data at three stages. The samples used in this study included 55 individuals with a minimum degree of PhD student in the field of security and order, and with twenty years of experience in Tehran. Findings and the findings suggest that the enforcement of the law without discrimination, presence of qualified performers, equality before the law, the final word in the law, have the greatest impact on the components of the political stability, respectively.

throughout human history, crime, guilt, social deviations and non-compliance with the norms and values in society has caused many problems and human beings have always been in thoughts of preservation of the person and the prevention of crime. Considering the fact that the law enforcement is in charge of maintaining peace and running public order and security, and due to the fight against social deviations and criminals and offenders, law enforcement officers are susceptible to damage and deviations. To this reason, they are exposed to many threats and this fact has urged the authorities and senior managers to find out the ways of I.R.I Police staffs’ preservations and prevention of crime among them. explanation of the preservation and the prevention of crime in the perspectives of holy Quran and mechanisms for institutionalizing them among police personnel. this research is of a fundamental type and due to the qualitative nature of the investigations and studies descriptive, library and documentary studies have been used.Findings and Quran preservation urges human progress and excellence. Quran advices aim at avoiding human fall to deviations and crimes and because of this the Supreme God has notified human beings in different ways of Quran message that is healing, mercy, preaching and guidance for believers and loss for losers.

The failure of the reform program and educating offenders in the criminal justice system, has led the criminal policy thinkers to abandon focusing on reforming the criminal motives of the offender and, instead, to emphasize on the reduction of physical and environmental opportunities for committing crimes. The situational and conditional-oriented oriented preventions necessitate the bond strengthening between tourist management and criminology. The application of situational prevention programs has significant effect on reducing the victimization rate for foreign tourists visited Iran from specific geographical areas (deserts, wetlands, caves, etc.). The GIS technology also empowers the police to monitor the location of caches of criminals of organized and bonded crimes in general; especially the identification of the security of environmental resort of risky situations (for foreign tourism) is measurable.The research design was a descriptive-analytical and study methods of data collection are library and documentation. The results of the study show that the crime prevention view through environmental design (CPTED) is among the proposed approaches in the analysis of the relationship between place and crimes. The basis of this view is that the proper design and effective use of the built environment by human would make it possible to reduce crime rate and it is also possible to observe the security promotion in the cumulative horizon. This article, describing the superiority of “electronic monitoring model based on the GIS data” over “foot patrol model” of police for providing tourists’ safety and security, shows that GIS is milestone between the act of “environmental criminology prevention” and “ecotourism” in the appropriate support of foreign tourists against victimization.

Drug trafficking and its consequences is considered the world’s greatest problems and Iran is facing more serious problems due to its adjacency with the main source of drug manufacturing country. The etiology and investigating the reasons of drug smuggling crime have always been the interest of researchers, planners, and social, cultural, military, and disciplinary administrators in order to provide appropriate solutions for preventing and dealing with this phenomenon. One of the recognized ways for explaining social phenomena, particularly the criminology, is to use the existing capabilities and capacities in the established rules and regulations in other sciences. Hence, according to the process of energy transfer between two objects with conductive wall, we have developed a model entitled as “energy transfer and conductive wall” in order to explain the process of drug trafficking from Afghanistan to Iran. The basis of developing the model is the thermodynamics rules, particularly the second rule of thermodynamics in physics. Based on the second law of thermodynamics, thermal energy always tends to move from place with higher temperature to place with lower temperature. The two main pivots of the model are conductive wall and temperature difference through which we can offer a more tangible and objective explanation about the role of geographical and economic factors in drug trafficking as the two effective factors in this crime. In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the issue in the form of “energy transfer and conductive wall” and, accordingly, offer the best appropriate solutions that seem to be preventive and non-criminal actions.