فصلنامه اقتصاد مقداری
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 8، بهار 1385)

Studies on the effect of government expenditures on economic growth usually focus on the mix of government expenditure and how investment and consumption expenditures affect economic growth. But, the impact of budget financing methods on output growth is usually neglected. This paper examines both government expenditure and alternative budget financing methods. Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method is employed to estimate our models. The results indicate that there is an equilibrium long- run relationship between gross domestic product, government expenditures. Also there is a long-run relationship between share of taxes, debt and oil revenues in the budget and gross domestic product. Estimation results show a positive and significant relationship between the growth of the ratio of oil revenues to government expenditures and economic growth in the short run. The results also show that the ratio of taxes to government expenditures and growth are positively related. However, no significant relationship between the ratio of government debt to government expenditures and growth was found. The results imply that less reliance on oil revenues and an increase in the share of taxes in the budget does not necessarily reduce the growth rate of the Iranian economy.

Pipe is one of the main tools for transforming gas, oil and oil commodities in oil industry. For this reason pipe production, import and export are of greate importance. The main pipe producer in Iran is Ahvaz pipe Mills Company. Therefore, the main pipe production function has been estimated during 1979-2002 using Engle-Granger co-integration method and error correction model. The findings of the research show that the Cobb-Douglas mode fits data better than other models. The speed of error correction of the model equals -0.96. The elasticity of labour is 0.58 and that of capital is 0.53 which indicate increasing returns to scale. The findings also show that regarding the current production and domestic demand, pipe export strategy cannot be the main priority of the company in short term. But in long term, when the domestic consumption is fulfilled, pipe export to neighbor countries based on consumer-oriented approach can be considered as one of the main priority of the company.

Since Iran’s economy has always been facing economic problems such as inflation, unemployment, absence of payment balance, unused production capacities, and finally impermanent economic growth, strategic decision-makings with the aim of export development can be introduced as a primary solution for eliminating these problems. This calls for the identification of the status of components of final demand, the role of export in Iran’s economy and finding sectors with the highest surplus value. The methodology of this study is based on Input-output table and Klien metrics. By using this method the links between economic demand and economic supply can be established and the effects of economic demand sector (export) on the supply sector (surplus value) can be observed. The findings show that if the aim of the policy-makers is to obtain the highest surplus value among the components of final demand, consumption expenditures will be the most influeneing ones. Adopting the strategy of developing agriculture-related industries will bring about the capabilities for making the highest surplus value, making a dynamic economy and reducing the expenditures of import.

Empirical studies that have examined the relationship between trade reforms and industry performance have tended to use productivity and export growth as yardsticks of performance measures. We have examined the available literature for the purpose of drawing some conclusions and have obtained mixed results. The methodology of this paper is library research.Current results shows that in developing countries trade liberalization is a necessary condition and not suuficient for fast growth of total factor productivity. These countries should solve shortage of human capital, physical infrastructure, etc.Current studies also show that fast liberalization can lead to the higher export growth and output for industries.