فصلنامه مطالعات اقتصاد انرژی
پیاپی 48 (بهار 1395)

Output and inflation are two important indicators used to measure economic performance. This study aims to investigate the effects of oil revenue shocks on output and inflation. To this end, we design an open dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model for the Iranian economy. We proceed to estimate impulse response functions of the Iranian economy to oil revenues shocks after linearization and calibration of model coefficients. Comparing estimated values of variables with the actual data of the economy indicate the relative success of the model in predicting changes in output and inflation. The results indicate that positive shocks of oil revenues increase output and inflation in the Iranian economy.

Attention to sustainability of developmental outcomes requires us to take into account the impact of growth on the environment. The focus of many countries on achieving economic growth through industrialization leads to an increase in greenhouse gases. The resultant deterioration of air quality has a negative impact on environmental conditions and health of citizens. This can potentially lower life expectancy which if one of the important indicators of human development.
This article analyzes the impact of environmental pollution on human development indices of three groups of countries with different degrees of human development, using the panel data on life expectancy for the period 2000 to 2010. We find that environmental pollution negatively impacts human development. We observe that the less developed a country is, the more it suffers from the negative effects of air pollution on human development.

In this paper we use dynamic panel data methodology to estimate income and price elasticities of demand for gas in the four Iranian climatic regions as delineated by the National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC). Our results indicate a Cobb-Douglas production function where the sum of coefficients is higher than one, indicating monopolistic behavior by NIGC. We calculate the total cost of gas treatment and transmission using factors obtained from the Cobb-Douglas function. The study then proceeds to develop a Boiteux–Ramsey pricing model. Our estimated prices ndicate that the increase in gas prices observed up to 2014 are consistent with optinal Boiteux–Ramsey prices that produce an internal rate of return in the range of 17% to 25%. We note than any increase beyond this range would lead to welfare losses for natural gas consumers.

In the environmentally sensitive scenario we estimate the potential production of a hybrid wind-solar-fossil fuel system that uses 100 % of the wind and solar potential, while ensuring grid stability, in order to minimize environmental emissions. Maximising the use of renewable energies requires storage systems to deal with the fluctuating nature of such power production in order to ensure a reliable and stable grid. Our study finds that introducing the maximal extent of potential solar and wind power production, along with modification of Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) for gas turbines, reduces CO2 emissions by 4.28 million tons and increases the cost of production ten times over the current production structure of the Khorasan Ragional Electricity Co. It is thus clear that adoption of this environmentally optimal scenario requires substantial financial support of the government plus localization of renewable technology to reduce the cost of production. We also find that increasing the capacity of CAES from 50 to 100 MW produces the outcome with the highest reduction in prices, the lowest increase in environmental emissions and the highest rate of growth of net income. We thus find a CAES capacity of 100 MW to be the optimal starting point for moving towards an environmentally sensitive electricity production system.

Following the Structure-Conduct-Performance Paradigm (SCPP), we estimate “the extent of agreement amongst OPEC member countries” and “confidence of OPEC member countries in the behavior of non-members” for the period 1974 to 2012. Our study finds that the structure of OPEC explains its behavior. The linear and non-linear estimates of these parameters suggest that during this period OPEC has generally behaved in a manner consistent with Cournot Competition in the presence of a competitive fringe.

Oil revenue fluctuations and Dutch disease (i.e. development of the non-traded services sector at the expense of traded sectors of agriculture and industry) are two manifestations of the resource curse. In this article we study the resource curse in Iran through looking at the impact of fluctuations in oil prices on the industry and mines, agriculture and services sectors of the Iranian economy over the period 1973 to 2011.
We first estimate oil price fluctuations through use of the GARCH model. We then use an ARDL model to estimate the short and long term impact of oil price fluctuations on the value added of the industry, agriculture and services sectors. We use an ECM model to assess the relationship between short and long term changes. Our results indicate that oil price fluctuations negatively impact the agriculture and industry sectors and have positive effects on the services sector.

Green supply chains management provide an excellent opportunity for those of who are concern about Sustainable development and Environmental business practices. Companies have to Review about the design of products and techniques to create products compatible with the environment. On this basis, the green supply chain management has became more important. In the past, supply chain management was a view to improve performance in entire supply chain based on productivity and profit increasing, And It's managers were looking for faster delivery of goods and services, costs reduction and quality increase, But the importance of improving environmental performance, social issues and environmental degradation was not considered in this view. The approach of green supply chain management, in general, is Considered tangible and intangible costs, Negative and destructive effects on the environment, and social issues. In this study, a Green supply chain performance assessment method of Borzoyyeh petrochemical is provided by using a combination of fuzzy method and non-linear modeling approach. For this purpose, first, path analyses used for presentation of a green supply chain evaluation model. Then paired comparison questionnaires associated with definition of criteria’s weights was given to 15 specialist and to the method of non-liner modeling, criteria’s and sub criteria’s was calculated. In the next step, the idea of specialists about performance evaluation of green supply chain of benchmarking and Borzoyyeh petrochemical were collected from questionnaires. Then using fuzzy technique, benchmarking performance of Borzoyyeh petrochemical were evaluated. Then the result of performance evaluation of green supply chain of Borzoyyeh petrochemical compared with benchmarking. The results of performance evaluation of green supply chain of Borzoyyeh petrochemical showed, Borzoyyeh petrochemical in term of green criteria , cost and customer associated with flexibility and financial criteria’s in comparison with benchmarking is in worst situation.

The move to green supply chains provides an opportunity for simultaneous attention to environmental issues and sustainability of business functions. Companies have to review the design of their products and production technology to ensure that they produce products that take into account environmental factors both during their production and use. This approach forces firms to minimize the environmental costs of their operations that do not impact their money metric cost of production. In this study we use a combination of fuzzy method and non-linear modeling approach to assess the green supply chain performance of Assaluyeh petrochemical plants. For this purpose, we first develop a green supply chain evaluation model, based on a thorough review of the existing research in this area. We then distributed paired comparison questionnaires associated with definition of the weight of criteria and sub-criteria to 15 specialists. We used a non-liner modeling to estimate the weights of criteria and sub-criteria. These weights were then used to assess the optimal performance of Assaluyeh petrochemical plants through a fuzzy technique. We used this benchmark to assess the actual performance of Assaluyeh petrochemical plants. The results indicated a suboptimal performance of Assaluyeh petrochemical plants in term of green supply chain performance criteria.

In this research to evaluate Iran oil industry financing by AHP method ,external buy back ,internal buy back, external buy back with internal partner, internal buy back with external partner and combined financing (bounds, finance,..) have been verified and with AHP method compared. In this way 10 criteria by reviewing experts opinions and others articles and books have been identified and to compare and evaluate Iran oil industry financing ways ,2 questionnaires have been prepared and completed by 13 experts who have been worked in south pars projects .and for analyzing the data EXPERT CHOICE soft ware has been used.
The result of the research shows that Quality, reach to programmed production, transfer of new world technology and speed are the five most important criteria and cost of project ,company supervision , technical assistance ,deal with sanction , attraction of inventor and used of Iranian content are the least important criteria.
Finally by considering all criteria external buy back the order of : external buy back with internal partner, internal buy back with external partner, internal buy back and combined financing (bounds, finance,) have been chosen as the convention methods of Iran oil industry financing ways .