فصلنامه مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی
پیاپی 5 (بهار 1383)

This Practical and experimental research focuses on the effects of joining Iran to W.T.O with emphasis on auto industry. The aim of this research i s to indicate the influences of joining W.T.O on price and quality. In this research with the use of market segmentation method, Iran's market is compared with the European one. The result shows that for remaining in the world competitive market two factors should be taken into consideration. First, the car price should be decreased up to 30 %. Second, the quality should be increased. For achieving this goal, the system of cost management and target costing seem to be solution for price decrease. This system is accepted and used practically for Peugeot 405 which is the most required car in coming years.

This research is carried out by the use of agency theory in considering twoimportant subjects: - Relation of giving bonus to CEO which is compensation plan from accounting profit, profit growth, and Market Value Added (M.V.A.) -Studying important structures in identifying bonus of CEOs. In the first case, from the gathered information of profit making companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange (T.S.E.) in the years 1376 to 1380. Methods used in variance and regression analysis. In the second case measurement research has been done by submitting some form of questioners and gathering viewpoint of managing directors and consultants of holding companies, investment companies and industrial organizations by statistical techniques, binomial test and analysis of variance test and Kruskal- wallis test. At the end, analysis and results research, the summery of above cases has been submitted.

In this research the importance of "warning signs" (Red flags) concerning financial fraud, considering the views and ideas of companies’ accounts managers accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange and opinion and ideas of members of official associations of accountants on evaluation, research by different angles between the above ideas has been accepted. The result of the research reflects that all 42 “warning signs” accepted and declared in questioner by both. In addition by using factor analysis and by discovery methods is five factors described below. I - Acceptance of risks and looking for dangers 2- Management characteristics 3- Economical characteristics 4- Constructive characteristics being saturated 5- Unstableness, inabilities and insufficiency in profit making. In addition result of the test proves absence of significant difference i n the most “warning signs” (red flags).

The purpose of this research is to study the effects of accounting information on investors ' perception, judgment, and decision making processes. A cognitive process conceptual model which is based on covariance structural modeling (casual modeling) was used to realize the goal. The main question in this research is: whether all Investors’ perception, judgment and decision making processes, in relation with information assessment and accuracy and soundness decision choices, is the same when they are presented with financial information? Based upon Meyers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) subjects were placed in one of two main groups, Data Driven and concept Driven. They were managers and high experts of investment companies, and they decided about investing in real corporations after assessment and judgment on those corporation's financial information. In this research extracted principles of psychology have consolidated with methodology outputs in psychometric, econometric, and statistical techniques in a covariance structural modeling framework. Findings suggest that accounting information effect on Data Driven and concept Driven Investor's perception and judgment, and perception and judgment is an important determinant in investment or non-investment. On the other hand, Investor's perceptual, judgmental and decision choices are not the same, Data-Driven investors make better decisions and concept-Driven decision makers evaluate financial information (financial ratios) more positively.

Valuation of securities by economic value added (EVA) model and Free cash flow (FCF) model i s a current procedures in free economy societies. Using such models requires long and complex calculations, therefore, they seem to be difficult to implement in the first sight. One of the objectives of the present study is to see whether by using accrual accounting reports, in the present situation i n Iran, is i t possible to value business entities and their share values. To support the EVA and FCF models empirically, we need to study the relationship between the value creation measures (internal measures of operation evaluation) and values the judgment of financial markets (external measures of operation evaluation). This research is in the field of accounting and financial management and its hypotheses are and in connection with the relationship between value creation measures, i.e. EVA and FCF measures, financial market measures such as, market value (MV) and market value added (MVA). The results of this study suggests that with some adjustments to accounts and financial reports we are able to value business entities and their shares in a given time period, and report the gap between share values, based on the EVA and the FCF models, and market values of those shares. The specific results from testing the hypotheses in this study dictate that i n most industries there is a meaningful relationship between internal measures of creating value market measures of business entities under study.

In the present socio-economic situation, the independent auditors have taken the responsibility of giving opinion on financial statement. To do this task which entails rendering reliable services to the society, they should work according to legal and professional basics and framework. This framework with object of attestation, is named auditing standards. In this research the awareness of auditors of auditing standards which Is issued by auditing organization is investigated. The results of this study reveal that between 75 to 90 present of auditors have sufficient awareness of auditing standards, but the study also provides evidence that the awareness isnt the same for all kind of different auditing standards.