فهرست مطالب

Fisheries Sciences - Volume:15 Issue: 3, Jul 2016

Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences
Volume:15 Issue: 3, Jul 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/05/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 18
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  • S. Shamspour *, H. Khara Pages 945-956
    Rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss is one of the most important cold water fishes in Iran. For successful artificial propagation of rainbow trout, the quality and quantity of brooders and sexual materials are key factors. In the present study, we investigated the age-dependent changes of reproductive efficiency. For this purpose, the brooders were divided into age classes and then three age groups of male and female (i.e. 3, 4 and 5 years old) selected randomly from each age classes. At the time of propagation, total length and weight of brooders before and after stripping, egg diameter, total weight of stripped eggs and sperm quality parameters including sperm density and spermatocrit were measured. Afterward, the brooders were crossed randomly. According to our results, the higher percentage of fertilization (%98), hatching (%96), survival (%94.5) and also the larvae with more active feeding (n= 3070) were found when the 4 year old males were crossed with 5 year old females (p
    Keywords: Survival, Fertility rate, Fertilization, Rainbow trout
  • M. Arrafi *, M. Azmi Ambak, M. Piah Rumeaida, Z.A. Muchlisin Pages 957-972
    A study of the biology of Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) in the Western Waters of Aceh, Indonesia was carried out from January to December 2014 and a total of 1343 Indian mackerels were collected randomly twice a month. The allometric coefficients (b) in the present study were between 2.625 and 3.449 with coefficient of determination (R2) values that range between 0.612 and 0.984. The condition factor (K) ranged from 0.9176 - 1.4509. Asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) and t0 were estimated at 27.3 cm (TL) 0.56 y-1 and - 0.526 y, respectively. The sex ratio of male to female was 1 : 1.02. Overall, the sex ratios were not different significantly (χ2 = 26.757; df = 11 ; p
    Keywords: Biology, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Aceh
  • N. Javadzadeh, H. Mabudi, M. Taghi Azhir * Pages 973-979
    This study aimed to investigate otolith in Rachycentron canadum in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Sampling lasted from March 2014 to April 2015 in Khouzestan to Sistan and Baloochestan waters. During this period 30 specimens of R. canadum were caught and studied. Trawling time was 2-2½ hours and trawling depth was considered as 10-100 m daily. All the fish were identified and their otolith was extracted for verification. Investigation of otolith morphometric characteristics (length, breadth, weight, perimeter and area) were conducted. Otolith in R. canadum was small, with average stretch and low thickness. We conclude that the otolith appearance and morphometry can be used as a key to identify the species.
    Keywords: Otolith, Rachycentron canadum, Persian Gulf, Oman Sea
  • S.A. Erguden *, D. Giannetto Pages 980-994
    Capoeta erhani is an endemic species to Southeast of Turkey. To date the information on biology of this species from inland waters of Turkey is very limited. The present study aims to provide the basic age and growth parameters of C. erhani from the middle basin of the Seyhan River. In total, 255 individuals were collected seasonally between October 2013 and September 2014. The overall sex ratio was 3.47:1 M : F. The total length of the specimens ranged from 10.4 to 33.0 cm and the weight from 9.0 to 360.0 g. The ages of total examined fish ranged from 0 to 5 years. Maximum age was found to be 5 years for both sexes. Length-weight relationship was described as logW= -5.067 3.168 logTL (r2= 0.972). The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were: L∞ = 32.51 cm; k = 0.400 year-1; t0 =-0.930 year for the entire population. Munro’s phi prime index in males, females and both sexes was calculated as 6.00, 6.12 and 6.04.
    Keywords: Capoeta erhani, Endemic species, Growth parameters, Fisheries
  • P. Rahimi *, S. Rezvani Gilkolaie, P. Ghavam Mostafavi, Sh. Jamili, M. Rahnema Pages 995-1008
    Several studies on the white sardine: Sardinella albella, have focused on the identification of stock composition and behavior. In this study population genetic structure and historical demography of S. albella along the cost of the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman were investigated with a 500-bp segment of mt-DNA control region. In total 40 samples were collected from 3 locations: Jask in Sea of Oman, Qeshm in Strait of Hormuz and Lengeh in the Persian Gulf during 2012-2013. 33 haplotype were obtained none of which were presented in all sampling sites. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated low genetic differentiation among regions (FST=0.024, p
    Keywords: Sardinella albella, Clupeidae, Sardine Fish, Persian Gulf, Sea of Oman
  • S.A. Talebzadeh, S.M. Hesamzade Hejazi *, T. Valinassab Pages 1009-1026
    ISSR markers were used to determine the genetic variation and sex determination of the three life-stages of 41 samples of Gracilaria corticata from two regions of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea namely Bostaneh and Lipar. The specimens were cultured in PES media to observe the different life stages. DNA was extracted by modified CTAB method. After screening of 20 ISSR primers, four primers were selected that produced clear reproducible fragments and were suitable to find sexual diversity for further analyses. The four primers generated 75 bands ranging from 250 to 3000 bp, corresponding to an average of 18.75 bands per primer. A set of four anchored primers amplified 75 bands out of which 100 % were polymorphic among 41 samples. PIC value ranged from 0.28 to 0.33 and marker index ranged from 4.48 to 6.51 per primer. The mean value of Shannon’s index was 0.45. By using primer "AB","ABC1" were identified three life stages of this alga. Primers "A" and "C" were also able to detect diploid tetrasporophyte but haploid males and females was determined by "A" and "C" respectively. Gst value was 0.058, indicating that 83% of the genetic diversity resided within the population. Clustering analysis using WARD algorithm based on Nei's Unbiased Measures of Genetic distance, classified the G. corticata individuals into five major groups. The PCOA data confirmed the results of clustering. The results of this study reveal that ISSR markers could be used efficiently for genetic differentiation of G. corticata individuals in different regions
    Keywords: Sexual diversity, ISSR Markers, Red algae (Gracilaria corticata), Persian Gulf, Oman Sea
  • A.R. Mirzajani, A.H. Hamidian *, M. Karami Pages 1027-1043
    The bioaccumulations of metals Cu, Cd, Ni, Cr, Co, Mn, Zn and Fe were measured in bivalves, Cerastoderma glucaum, and four species of fishes including Alburnus chalcoides, Liza aurata, Rutilus frisii and Sander lucioperca from various trophic levels of the Caspian food web. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Co and Ni in most samples of fish were below the detection limits; while the concentrations were detected in most samples of bivalve C. glucaum. The stable nitrogen isotope ratios varied among the samples from C. glucaum (δ15N=3.5 ‰) to S. lucioperca (δ15N=13.1‰). Among the four fish species, while the highest concentrations of Mn, Ni and Fe were observed in L. aurata, the lowest concentrations of Mn and Fe were observed in S. lucioperca. These species also had the lowest and highest trophic levels with an average of 3.3 and 4.2, respectively. No accumulation of metals with increase in body size was observed in muscles of species from different trophic levels. The comparison of metal concentrations with the health guidelines for human consumption showed that those intakes were lower than the legislated limits. While there was a strong relationship between trophic levels and body size of A. chalcoides and R. frisii, no significant slopes were observed between the total lengths (TLs) and the Ln concentrations of metals. It is necessary to determine metal concentrations in food resources of fish species, particularly in R. frisii that has significantly different δ15N in relation to body size
    Keywords: Metal pollution, Bioaccumulation, Stable isotope, Caspian Sea
  • Kh. Aein Jamshid *, F. Mohsenizadeh, S. Omidi Pages 1044-1054
    The aim of this work was to be informed and aware of the red tide conditions before the entering of algal blooms in seawater supply canals of the shrimp farm and hatchery complexes in Bushehr Province. Field investigations and monthly samplings have been carried out to determine environmental parameters, nutrients, chlorophyll–a and phytoplankton in the southern part of the input water channels of Mond, Delvar and Heleh farmed shrimp complexes from April to December 2011. The identified phytoplankton belonged to three classes of Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae and Cyanophyceae. 12 genera belonging to Dinophyceae, 25 genera to Bacillariophyceae and two genera to Cyanophyceae were observed during the study. The highest average density of total phytoplankton was recorded at Heleh station at 18374 cells/lit. The maximum density of phytoplankton was at Delvar station in December. The highest density of Dinophyceae was observed in August. Alexandrium sp., Ornithocercus and Prorocentrum sp. were the predominant species of Dinophyceae class. Bacillariophyceaes are thermo-tolerant and halo-tolerant while Dinophyceaes and Cyanophyceaes are thermo-intolerant and halo-intolerant. Bacillariophyceaes are silica limited while Dinophyceaes are phosphorus limited phytoplankton
    Keywords: Phytoplankton composition, Shrimp farm, Nutrients, Environmental parameters, Bushehr Province
  • E. Nazari, A. Keramat Amirkolaie *, S. Karimzadeh Pages 1055-1066
    This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Alphamune, a mixed prebiotic composed of mannan-oligosaccharide and β-glucans, on the growth performance, digestibility and enzyme activity of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. A basal diet was formulated using common feed ingredients supplemented with Alphamune at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 g.kg-1 leading to five experimental diets. Obtained results showed that inclusion of dietary Alphamune significantly increased the final weight and weight gain (p0.05). Also apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) was not affected by dietary addition of the prebiotic (p>0.05). Our results indicated that amlayse and lipase activities were not significantly influenced by administration of different doses of Alphamune. The result also showed that trypsin activity was gradually increased with increasing of the probiotic level (p>0.05). In conclusion, inclusion of the prebiotic Alphamune can improve the nutrient efficiency and growth performance of rainbow trout confirming the positive effect of a mixture of prebiotics on fish.
    Keywords: Prebiotic, Alphamune, Growth, Digestibility, Enzyme activity
  • M. Mazandarani *, A.M. Hajimoradloo, E. Niazi Pages 1067-1077
    This paper presents the results of a parasitological study on internal parasitic infections in saposhnikovi shad, Alosa saposchnikowii, from the southern part of the Caspian Sea. In this regard 30 fish were studied for abdominal cavity parasites in February 2014. Results showed all of the specimens were infected at least with one kind of parasite and there was no significant difference in parasitic infections between males and females. According to the results three kinds of parasites including one trematode (Pronoprymna ventricosa) and two kinds of nematodes (Anisakis simplex and Eustrongylides sp) were isolated from the abdominal cavity of the studied fish. 43.33 % of the specimens were infected with A. simplex, 96.66 % were infected with P. ventricosa and 16.66 % of the specimens were infected with Eustrongylides sp. Intensity of infection to A. simplex, P. ventricosa and Eustrongylides sp in saposhnikovi shad was calculated as, 3.46 ± 1.76, 131 ±16.78 and 2 ± 0.71, respectively. According to the results 33.33% intestine, 10% liver and 6.66% mesentery of specimens were infected with A. simplex, 26.66% stomach, 86.66% pyloric caeca and 66.66% intestine of studied fish were infected with P. ventricosa and Eustrongylides sp was isolated in 13.33% mesentery and 3.33% liver of the specimens. It seems this is the first record of A. simplex and Eustrongylides sp infection from saposhnikovi shad in Iran. These parasites are important because of their pathogenicity in fish and zoonotic risk in human health care.
    Keywords: Trematode, Nematode, Parasites, Alosa saposchnikowii, Caspian Sea
  • M. Yazdani Sadati *, A. Borzoii, R. Akrami Pages 1078-1088
    The present study was carried out to determine the ability of Acipenser baerii in utilizing carbohydrate (dextrin) as a non protein energy source substituted with animal oil. A total of 65 juveniles A. baerii with an initial mean weight of 689 ± 62 g were distributed in 15 fiber glass tanks. Five diets were formulated including 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of dextrin and fed for 8 weeks. Fish were weighed monthly and growth was evaluated in each treatment. At the end of experiment, body composition and hepatosomatic index were analyzed. There was no significant differences in body weight increase (BWI) and final weight (FW) among different groups (p>0.05). Increase of dextrin levels in diets led to an increase in feed conversation ratio (FCR) in fish fed diets containing 15 and 20% dextrin as compared to that in the control group and in fish fed the diet containing 10% dextrin although the differences were not significant (p>0.05). The specific growth rate (SGR) in all treatments were the same (p>0.05). The highest body protein and lipid were observed in fish fed diets containing 10 and 20 % dextrin, respectively (p0.05). In conclusion, juvenile A. baerii can be fed diets with high levels of dietary dextrin as a non protein energy source with no deleterious effects and a partial replacement of cheap carbohydrate with lipid is suggested to obtain the necessary energy in commercial diets.
    Keywords: Acipenser baerii, Lipid, Carbohydrate, Growth rate, Body composition
  • Z.H.U. Yugui, L.V. Hongbing, C.H.U. Jiansong* Pages 1107-1089
    Sea cucumber catch has followed “boom-and-bust” patterns over the period of 60 years from 1950-2010, and sea cucumber fisheries have had important ecological, economic and societal roles. However, sea cucumber fisheries have not been explored systematically, especially in terms of catch change trends. Sea cucumbers are relatively sedentary species. An attempt was made to explore whether the time series analysis approach (exponential smoothing models and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models) is also applicable to relatively sedentary species. This study was conducted to develop exponential smoothing and ARIMA models to predict the short-term change trends (2011-2020), according to the time series data for 1950-2010 collected from the FAO Fishstat Plus database. The study results show that the single exponential smoothing and ARIMA (1, 1, 1) models are best for predicting sea cucumber short-term catches, and the predictive powers of both models are good. However, the accuracies of the models would be better if the data quality was resolved and the variables influencing sea cucumber capture production were fully considered.
    Keywords: Sea cucumber, Capture production, Prediction, Time series analysis, Exponential smoothing, ARIMA
  • M. Adel, R. Safari, A.H. Ghitanchi, M.J. Zorriehzahra* Pages 1108-1123
    Increasing bacterial resistance to commercial antibiotics has led to considering medicinal herb applications. This study aimed to identify chemical composition of essential oil of some native medical herbs and their antibacterial activity against Yersinia ruckeri compared with Enrofloxacin in in vitro experiments. The antibacterial activities of ethanolic extracts and essential oils of Eryngium campestre, Pimpinella affinis, Mentha piperita, Achillea wilhelmsii and Cuminum cyminum were analyzed by disk diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) methods in in vitro. Also, the oil constituents of the mentioned plants were analyzed by gas chromatography. The MIC value of the ethanolic extracts and essential oils were 31.2-500 µg/mL and 15.6-250 µg/mL, respectively, while the MBC of the mentioned extracts and essential oil were 62.4-500 µg/ml and 31.2-250 µg/ml, respectively. The results showed that the C. cyminun, E. campestre and M. piperita could be introduced as more effective antimicrobial candidates to aquaculture industry.
    Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Chemical composition, Iranian medical herbs, Yersinia ruckeri
  • E. Gumus *, B. Aydin, M. Kanyilmaz Pages 1124-1133
    In this study, a feeding trial was conducted to examine the potential of replacing fish meal with brewers yeast in practical diet of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Five isoproteic (37% CP) and isocaloric (3350 kcal/kg) diets were formulated to contain graded levels of brewers yeast. Fish meal protein was replaced by 0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 45% of yeast. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial average weight of 0.56 g fish-1) in glass aquarium (65L). Fish were fed three times per day to apparent satiation for 84 days. At the end of the experiment, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), condition factor (CF), survival rate (SR), hepatosomatic indices (HSI) and body composition of goldfish fry were determined. According to the results, weight gain, SGR, FCR and PER of fish fed the diet including yeast replaced 35% of the fish meal were better than those of fish fed the other diets. There were no significant differences in SR and HSI values among fish fed diets (p>0.05). However, CF among fish fed the experimental diets was significantly differ (p>0.05). Whole body composition was similar among fish fed different diets. The optimal replacement level of fishmeal protein by brewers yeast was determined by second-order polynomial regression to be (y= 2, 2237- 0,0004x2 0,0279x; R² = 0,9977) 34.875%, on the basis of SGR
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Carassius auratus, Fish meal replacement, Growth, Feed utilization
  • N. Sajjadi *, N. Mooraki Pages 1134-1143
    In this study fatty acid contents, because of the importance in human’s life, and their seasonal variations of a dominant bivalve of Haleh Creek were determined for the first time. Fatty acid identification was done by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry) method. After collecting and dissecting the species from the shells, samples weighed and frozen for further experiments. All the samples esterified and made ready for injection to the GC-MS. Temperature as an important environmental parameter monitored monthly, variability of the fatty acid components studied in two seasons, and the effect of temperature changes on seasonal variations of the fatty acids were studied by statistical analysis. In conclusion sixteen fatty acids identified in Callista umbonella, including twelve saturated and four unsaturated, which the most important were oleic, palmitic, myristic, hexadecanoic and nonadecanoic acids while saturated fatty acids were dominated over unsaturated ones. The most abundant saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid and unsaturated one was oleic acid in this species. Although fatty acids’ seasonal changes did not show any significant difference and also any significant correlation with temperature in the species in this area, but in general fatty acid amounts might be vary in different temperatures and it could be related to many environmental and biological factors in species.
    Keywords: Fatty acids, Seasonal variations, GC, MS, Haleh Creek
  • S.Gh. Ghorbanzadeh Zaferani, A. Machinchian Moradi, R. Mousavi Nadushan, A.R. Sari, S.M.R. Fatemi * Pages 1144-1166
    The Gorgan Bay is an important ecosystem receiving discharge from their tributaries. In this study, concentration of Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe, Al, Cu and As was seasonally determined at 22 sampling points during 2012-2013.Sediment samples were collected using a Van Veen grab. The levels of heavy metals were determined by ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry) and AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). The percentages of sand, silt, clay and TOM (Total Organic Matter) in the sediment samples were determined (44.4± 15, 53.4 ± 14, and 2.2± 2.2 and 7.2% ± 1.6, respectively). The results showed that range of Al, As, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in the sediment samples were 0.4-2%, 2.6- 8.6 ppm, 8.1-12.4 ppm, 0.9 – 1.2 % , 11.5-16.8 ppm, 5.9-13.6 ppm and 21.8-28.8 ppm, respectively. In spring, both Al and Ni were higher than the guideline level. In the event that arsenic was exceeds the guidelines in summer. In general, according to the results of EF (Enrichment Factor) and PLI (Pollution Load Index) can be concluded, Gorgan Bay is low risk and not contaminated. According to the results of the nmMDS (non-metric Multidimensional Scaling), PCA (Principal Components Analysis) and the map of distribution of heavy metals, it seems Gorgan Bay are divided into two separate zones (the eastern and the western parts).
    Keywords: Distribution pattern, Heavy metals, Sediment, Gorgan Bay
  • H. Rajabi Islami *, N. Arab, R. Assare, M.I. Rastravan, R. Ebtekari Pages 1167-1186
    This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate as a dietary ascorbic acid source on blood parameters of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius), including red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) and WBC differential. A total number of 600 Caspian brown trout (9.6±0.6 g) fingerlings were randomly distributed in triplicates among five treatments each containing 40 specimens. Experimental diets were also prepared by adding 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1 L-Ascorbyl-2-Polyphosphate to the basal diet. Feeding was done for nine weeks in each treatment. The survival rate in all treatments was 100%. The results showed a significant increase in RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC and lymphocyte (p
    Keywords: Ascorbic acid, Growth, Hematological parameters, Salmo trutta caspius
  • A. Hajizadeh *, A. Shinn Pages 1187-1201
    This study investigates the effects of dietary lipid sources on the growth and reproductive performance of Nile tilapia over three consecutive spawnings. Fish were reared using three experimental diets, with the goal of replacing dietary fish oil with palm oil. Three experimental diets and a commercial trout diet was used as the control. The effect of dietary lipid on the growth performance, spawning interval, fecundity, relative fecundity (number of eggs per unit weight), egg size, egg fertilization and hatching rate in addition to an assessment of larval quality was investigated. Growth was significantly (p0.05). Similar results were observed for the egg to body weight ratio (EW: BW) and the inter-spawning interval (ISI) for the fish fed control diet (diet 4). The total fecundity (number of eggs produced per fish) obtained from the fish fed the mixed oil diet (PO:CO) was significantly higher (p
    Keywords: Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Diet, Growth, Lipid, Reproduction, Egg, Larval quality