فصلنامه زمین شناسی ایران
پیاپی 36 (زمستان 1394)

An estimate of nutrient pollution load from the watershed of the reservoir is one of the important issues in the management of eutrophication. Additionally، with considering such attributes of the watershed as slope، the kind of soil، land use and Meteorological variables، the SWAT which is one the efficient model in water and soil modeling is used to evaluation of pollution load entering the Reservoir of Ilam dam because of diverse contamination resources such as chemical fertilizer and Livestock and poultry operations. The results of this study indicate that the SWAT model to simulate the nutrients in the watershed have a satisfactory performance. Based on obtained result، the highest pollution load of nitrogen (136. 2 ton per year) and phosphor (19. 8 ton per year) are occurred in Gol Gol Sub basin.

Energy of flow is the main factor of sediment particle displacement in the water channel. The physical representation of the flow energy can be presumed at water depth، velocity، flow rate and their relationship. Assessment of the variation of the flow depth by assuming little changes on the bed or its dip against flow depth in laboratory and field is of particular importance. Therefore، investigating the effect of flow height changes on amount of sediment transport in Anzali wetland was taken into consideration. To achieve this goal، Pir-Bazar River and then Pir-Bazar Roga which are led to the Anzali wetland، were selected. In this research، field study based on sampling of bed sediments and measuring hydraulic characteristics such as depth، velocity and therefore the flow rate at different cross section were measured by Q-liner. The results of the field outcome and also its comparison with the experimental results show that by increasing water depth in Pir-Bazar station، the height of flow near the wetlands has been increased a little due to the meandering river and energy depreciation. This little water depth increment causes sediment to be transported to Pir-Bazar Roga branch and the early part of the wetland while significant amount of sediment transports from Pir-Bazar Roga to wetland is not lead. With regard to the adaption of the field outcome and laboratory study and the amount of the existing discharge rating curve during a year (90-91) at Pir-Bazar station، approximately 212 tons of sediment has passed through Pir-Bazar River near wetland and entered to the wetland. This amount of sediment transport is one of the most important factors on life expectancy and the sustainability environment of the Anzali estuary.

Due to their high polarity andsolubility in water these acidic herbicides can be released from harvest fields and therefore pollute surface and ground waters. The World Health Organization (WHO) regulations set 70 ng mL−1 as the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of phenoxy acid herbicidesin drinking water [2]. Therefore، the presence of these chemicals inwater sources is highly objectionable for human and animal consumption. Due to the fact that the major sources of drinking water are ground water and river water، monitoring the acidic and polar herbicides in these water sources is quite necessary. Therefore، in this study، we focused on introducing a novel microgel sorbent in which the adsorption and desorption of analytes are controlled only by changing the pH value of the sample. To the best of our knowledge، it is the first report on employing a pH-sensitive magnetic microgel as a new sorbent. In order to increase the adsorption efficiency and rapidly separatethe sorbent from the sample matrix by an external magnetic field، microgel was grafted on magnetic nanoparticles. Finally، the optimized procedure was employed to determine these phenoxy acid herbicides in river water samples.

Evaluating the environmental effects is one of the appropriate ways to achieve the sustainable development that can be considered as a planning tool for managers and programmers. The environmental impacts of Bafgh Anomaly Iron ore have been studied. In this regard, the most important environmental and economical-social factors that are influenced by project were identified by preparing the checklist from experts and proficient’s opinions. Subsequently, based on the Pastakia matrix method, the environmental impact assessment of project was carried out in both construction and exploitation steps. Results show that 2 positive medium effects, 1 positive low effect, 4 positive negligible effects, 7 negative negligible effects, 2 negative low effects and 3 negative medium effects are observed in environments in structural step, while 2 positive medium effects, 2 positive low effects, 3 positive negligible effects, 5 negative negligible effects, 2 negative low effects and 3 negative medium effects exist in exploitation step. Also, the environmental management and monitoring was prepared for all divisions, so that, in physical division, the air, soil and sound parameters should be continuously measured, in biological division, diversity, density, regeneration and migration of and fauna and flora should be controlled seasonally, and also the leakage and dispersion of sewages and wastes and dusts should be continuously monitored. About natural events, crisis management and risk evaluation should be done seasonally. Also, Public contribution and attaining satisfaction of society and their continuous notification and increasing the environmental knowledge of staff should be performed.

The entrance of nutrients and sediments to the water resources has become a challenge in water quality management. Accordingly، identifying main polluting sources and estimating total loads discharged to the surface waters are indispensable for simulation and management. The purpose of this study is to use Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to estimate nitrogen and phosphor loads discharging to the Zrebar Lake. In addition، it is intended to identify the effects of land uses and variations of time and spatial pattern of discharges. Currently، this lake contains fresh water and is used for recreational purposes while tackles with eutrophication problem because of agricultural activities. Regarding the results، the irrigated farmlands have the highest nitrogen discharge on June and August while it is on May for phosphorous. For dry crops، the highest value of nitrogen and phosphorous loads respectively belong to October and September. These are attributed to the way farms are irrigated and the amounts of fertilizers applied.

The purpose of this study is to focus on the challenges that the nitrogen discharge permits market face with in Sefidrud River. In addition، it intends to find the optimal waste load allocation (WLA) in regard. Thus، the river is simulated by Qual2kw in which the total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) and the impacts of dischargers at the quality of checkpoint are calculated. Eventually، the optimization of WLA is assigned using the total abatement cost functions. Results verify that this market is limited because of few permits supplied by point sources. Here، 150 permits are totally traded that can only save 2% in total abatement costs comparing to the conventional TMDL policy. The economically incentive based optimal solution is only in hand if some dischargers use 15 to 25% of primary price as discount. However، in case of Gharesoo، the total cost savings increase to 35%. It can be concluded that the outcomes of discharge permit market relies on the total permit supplies and demands and their feasibility requires case studies in advance.

Environmental pollution caused by coal mining operation sharmful and toxic elements Sangrood series with the release of mineral processing and tailings deposit sit into the hydrological system (surface and underground) and soil is. Complications such as ulceration، skin damage and cancers of the nasal tract can be dangerous due to high levels of arsenic in drinking water، especially in these areas. The aim of the present study was to investigate the environmental effect of Arsenic on Sangrood loshan mine which is one of the active mines in province. Sampling was done on 60 soil types and 14 water samples in 4 stations in the mine zone. The results of the present study showed that the level of Arsenic element in the sampling stations is more than standard level and permissible limit. Sulfur content of the coal in this area have been moderate to high mainly pyrite. Arsenic concentration sin soils greater than rocks. Many compounds are readily soluble in water and can contaminate water.