Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
Volume:10 Issue: 15, Apr 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and its determinants of Antipsychotic Use in patients with psychiatric disorders. Materials and

This study was on patients with psychiatric disorder that have discharged from the hospital. We have assessed all patients with psychiatric interview and evaluation of their psychiatric documentations.

90.7% of all of patients had taken antipsychotic medications and antipsychotic polypharmacy was in 27.2% of these patients. The most prevalent component of antipsychotic polypharmacy was consisting of Chlorpromazine, Halopreidol and Chlorpromazine, Risperidone and then Chlorpromazine, Olanzapine respectively. There were significant relations between pattern of antipsychotic use and gender, occupation status, type of psychiatric ward, duration of hospitalization and cost of treatment but no relationship with age, educational status and duration of illness.

This study suggests that prevalence of antipsychotic polypharmacy is high in in-patient psychiatric patients.

This study intends to evaluate Marital Adjustment of the addicts in Isfahan NA groups and their couples.

In this cross-sectional analytic-descriptive study, two centers were randomly selected among all of the NA groups in Isfahan in 2012. In the next stage, 40 addicts (both male and female) who were randomly selected from each center as well as their couples were asked to participate in the present study. Thus, 124 participants who were 62 couples took part in this study. The research data were collected through the questionnaire based on demographics information of the participants and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanir, 1976). Finally, SPSS software 16 was employed to analyze the data.

The findings of this study indicate that 82% of addicts and their couples are unadjustable and only 18% of them are adjustable. The participants’ education is from elementary to high school. The mean of their age is 31.3 years, the mean of the couples’ marriage duration is 9.65 years, the mean of their age gap is 4.35 years, the mean of their addiction duration is 9.65 years and the mean of their number of children is 1.2. In addition, most of the addicts in this study (52.97%) use a combination of drugs and the others use only an especial substance as a dominant drug.

The results show that Marital Adjustment in addicts and their couples faces major problems and based on the prevalence of addiction requires more attention and it is essential to design and implement interventions in order to enhance Marital Adjustment of the addicts and their couples considering the critical age of 30 to 40 years old. Besides, it is necessary to recognize ways of interventions in educated addictschr('39') family and also to design interventions for uneducated NA groups with high school educational level or lower than that.

Objective of this study was investigating impact of early psychological interventions on marital satisfaction of mothers with slow pace under 5 years children. Considering variables of the research, that is, early psychological interventions and marital satisfaction, research hypotheses was as follows: "early psychological interventions affect marital satisfaction of mothers with slow pace under 5 years children" and it was examined.

This research is of experimental type and pretest-posttest plan with control groups was used. Statistical population included all mothers with slow pace under 5 years children in Urmia. To this end, 40 mothers with slow pace children were selected as the sample in a non-random manner by convenience sampling. They were assigned randomly into two groups of 20 (20 test group and 20 control group), and finally psychological interventions were conducted on one of groups randomly. In order to evaluate marital satisfaction, Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire with 47 items was used. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance.

findings showed that there is significant difference between two groups in posttest in overall score of marital satisfaction as well as in some elements such as conventional responses, marital satisfaction, personality issues, marital relationships, conflict resolution, leisure, parenting, family and friends, and ideological orientation and sexual relations (P<0.005), and no significant difference was observed in financial supervision and roles related to gender equality.

Psychological interventions were effective in promoting marital satisfaction in mothers with slow pace under 5 years children.

Emotional regulation refers to strategies that reduce, maintain or increase an emotion in people. The purpose of this study is to standard the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in Tehran aged population.

The sample was selected randomly from 20 Jahandidhgan associations and consisted of 500 aged people from whom 338 people remained till the end of study. In order to define the dimensional structure a Principal Component Analysis with Varimax-rotation on item level was performed.

The alpha coefficients of the various subscales across the diverse populations was 0/798 but the items 5, 7, 31, 6, 8, 32, 30, 29 and 12 had week co efficiency (0.84) which was consider as subscale.

After some steps of analysis with Varimax-rotation, 7 factors was created and the 8th factors which was categorized as subscale was named as "acceptance of negative happenings". These results prove that the cognitive coping strategies can be used in Iranian aging population.

One of the issues that have consistently been the concern for the health affair specialists and cure and massive social governors in health fields is the rate of disorders prevalence, diseases and the related subjects to epidemiology. Purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of mathematic disability amongst primary schools of Karaj.

Totally 432 students were selected with multi-stage sampling method. Participants completed Raven test, Frostig Visual-Perception test and Wepman Auditory discrimination test, Rutter behavioral questionnaire and Iran Key-math test. In order to diagnosis mathematic disability, inter criterion was normal quotient intelligence and out criteria were to have one of visual perception, auditory and behavioral problems. The participants whose total standard scores in Iran Key-math test were one standard deviation below the mean were selected as a mathematical disability (MD).

The mathematic disability prevalence in primary students was estimated 0.46%. In addition, proportion of mathematic disability prevalence was not function of gender or grade.

The findings demonstrated that the prevalence of mathematic disability is much less than the previous researches. A possible explanation was that inappropriate screening co morbid disorders with the mathematic disability. The theoretical implications of findings are discussed in detail.

The development of social skills, especially skills in relating to peers, is an important capacity that provides the foundations for lifelong success. Some children with disabilities need to learn social skills more directly. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of social skills training on socialization skills development in children with Down syndrome.

This study was a semi-experimental conducted on thirty-seven student with Down syndrome, 8-12 years old with IQ 55–75. Subjects were divided randomly in two groups (n=18) and control group (n=19). Initially, each of the subjects was assessed by the list of social skills, and then social skill training was performed for 60 minutes, two times weekly, for two months in intervention group, and the socialization skills was evaluated after intervention and 2 months later in the two groups.

A significant (P<0.05) improvement in socialization skills was occurred. Follow-up study also showed, improvement of socialization skills were maintained 2 months after the end of training in intervention group (P<0.05).

It’s seems that training of social skills can improve the socialization skills of children with Downchr('39')s syndrome.

Deterioration in postural control mechanisms is termed postural instability and results increased postural sway and many laboratory techniques and instruments are characterized by a wide range of neurological signs and symptoms to the medical management. Thus the current study designed to assess the reliability of commonly used clinical measures of balance and determined normal values. Also, the second purpose was scrutiny of effect age, length weight and body mass index (BMI) on perform clinical balance tests.

One hundred and thirty three participants (18-59 years), that have at least three time sports activity in one week, performed three timed tests: Time- up and Go (TUG), Tandem Gait (TG), and Walking on Balance Beam (WOBB) on firm surface.

Reliability data were produced for each tests of motor performance. We found that the first performance of three trials was slower, and the relationship between some factors and these battery tests were examined. Means(±SD) for each measure were averaged across three trials. Time to complete TG was 13.6±1.1s. TUG value was 6.9±1.03 and WOBB was 6.9±1.03s.

our results revealed that three clinical balance test batteries-TUG, TG and WOBB tests are the stability measures to assess of sports related concussion. Also, the results of current study appeared that the time to perform these tests was slower than the other studies.

Multiple Sclerosis is an incurable and chronic disease of the central nervous system. The main purpose of this survey is to compare the character types and life expectancy of patients suffering from M. S as compared with normal people. This survey was conducted using the Persian translation of NEO-FFI (NEO-Five Factor Inventory) and Herth Life Expectancy.

Thirty nine people suffering from multiple sclerosis, who were hospitalized in anursing home, were chosen. As a control group there were 39 healthy people who had no background of physical or mental diseases. These people were selected from educational centre scientific and the personnel of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Campus. Healthy people were matched to control group according, to sex, gender, marital status and education.

To analyze the data, T tests were used. The results of the survey show that people suffering from multiple sclerosis were significantly different from healthy people in three factors, neuroticism, extraversion and openness. For life expectancy there was no significant difference between the two groups.

Peopleaffected by Multiple Sclerosis achieve higher marks levels of the function of neuroticism compared with the healthy people. They are also agreeableness in a lower state, due to the function of openness to experience compared with the safe ones and in a lower state compared with the healthy persons.

Alzheimer’s disease causes many negative effects on the individualchr('39')s physical, psychological and cognitive conditions. The multi sensory stimulation helps the patients to improve their physical, psychological and cognitive conditions. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of multi sensory stimulation on cognitive status and quality of life of the patients with Alzheimer’s disease which was resident in Nasimshahr elderschr('39') center.

In this quasi-experimental research plan samples were divided into experimental and control groups and both of them were tested thrice: before, during and after the intervention. 90 Alzheimerchr('39')s disease patients were recruited by available sampling technique and with random allocation method the groups were set. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire geriatric quality of life questionnaire and mini mental status examination (MMSE).The rehabilitation program consisted of 20 session education program and multi sensory stimulation program. The experimental group took part in standardized 45-60 minutes multi sensory stimulation sessions and they received the MMSE and quality of life questionnaires in 10th and 20th sessions and were asked to fill them in. the control group didnchr('39')t receive any intervention.

The results indicates that the multi sensory stimulation in experimental group improved their quality of life in all dimensions were including physical-activity (P=0.001), self care (P=0.001), depression and anxiety levels (P=0.001), social function (P=0.001), sexual function (P=0.001), life satisfaction (P=0.001), intellectual-function (P=0.058) and overall (P=0.001). But in the cognitive status domain no improvement has been observed (P=0.596).

The multi sensory stimulation can be an effective method to improve the general Condition or the signs and symptoms stabilization of Alzheimerchr('39')s dementia patients. The results of this study show that multi sensory stimulation improves the patientschr('39') quality of life and the patients will experience a better life after the intervention.

The objective behind this study was investigating the relationships between family functioning and psychological hardiness in parents of exceptional children versus parents of normal children.

The study was causal-comparative. Population included all parents of normal and exceptional students in Bojnurd City studying in ordinary and exceptional schools in the academic year 2010-2011. Participants were 190 parents: 50 parents with exceptional children and 140 with normal children. Multistage cluster sampling was used too select the sample. Family functioning questionnaire and psychological hardiness questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation.

Findings suggested there was significant statistical relationship between family functioning and psychological hardiness in parents of exceptional and normal children (P<0.0001), and family functioning was significantly higher in parents of exceptional children compared to parents of normal children (P<0.0001). In addition, psychological hardiness was significantly higher in normal children parents compared to exceptional children parents (P<0.001).

Results indicate significant relationship between family functioning and psychological hardiness in parents of normal and exceptional children.

It is well known that neuromuscular function is temperature sensitive. Changing of muscle temperature can effect voluntary muscle contraction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cooling and heating on maximal isometric force generated by the elbow flexor musculature in male subjects.

Forty five healthy males encompassing 3 groups participated in the current study. The maximal isometric forces of elbow flexion were measured before and after placing ice and hot packs over the arm for 15 minutes. Paired t tests were used to compare differences between pre and post maximal forces between groups.

The results showed no significant difference between pre and post maximal isometric force scores in control and heat groups (P>0.05) and significant difference between pre and post cooling maximal isometric force scores (P=0.02).

The results suggest that the use of 15 minutes cold pack over the arm can significantly increase muscle force, however, the use of hot pack had no change in force output.

Postural control deficit is one of the most important problems in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). The purpose of this paper is to review the reactive postural control in spastic children with CP.

Researches on development of reactive postural control in typically developing (TD) children and children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) were analyzed.

The results of this review revealed at least three main systems of reactive postural control, including: sensory, motor, and cognitive systems. These systems develop in a nonlinear mode. Maturation of postural control depends on the reach of each system to an adequate threshold of development and organization.

limited data indicated the development of reactive postural control in children with CP occur similar to TD children but with limitation in motor function and sensory organization.

This study describes a single subject design (ABA) that shows the effective use of constraint induced movement therapy in improvement of quality and performance of in-hand manipulation skills for a 10 year old boy and a 9 years old girl with hemiplegic cerebral palsy, as Dickerson (2007) showed it in arm movement and function.

To determine the effectiveness of CIMT by the use of C-statistic analysis and visual analysis. Approach: The first step was to design a child friendly group activity and home based intervention program through occupation. The possible effectiveness of CIMT was evaluated by daily measurements and video recording of 6 sub skills of in-hand manipulation according to Pont category (2009) in defined activity.

For making the treatment more cost effective, families can produce a simple clinical setting at home and participate in their child treatment plan actively.

A client center intervention will facilitate the use and quality of fingers and hand motion. Also a group activity can motivate participants to participate more and better.