Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
Volume:6 Issue: 7, Sep 2008

Iranian Rehabilitation Journal is an international forum for the publication of peer-reviewed novel papers on the rehabilitation، with…

Comparison of motor skills in Children with developmental coordination disorder and normal peers
Sahel Hemmati, MD.; Nasrin Amiri, MD.; Farin Soleimani,MD. ; Asghar Dadkhah, PhD.
Hand function Related to Age and Sex
Zohreh sarfaraz; Zahra vahedi; Avat Feyzi,PhD.; Fatemeh Behnia
Psychopathology Dimensions of Females Experiencing Family violence and a perspective to Their Habilitation
Parvaneh Mohammadkhani,PhD.; Setareh Ameneh Forouzan, MD.; Hedieh Azadmehr
Vibrotactile identification of signal-processed sounds from environmental events presented by a portable vibrator
Parivash Ranjbar
Handwriting difficulties: Introducing an instrument
Hadavandkhani Fatemeh; Bahrami Hadi, PhD.; Behnia Fatemeh; Farahbod Mozhgan;
Salehi Masood, PhD.
Standardization of Reasons for Living Inventory for adolescents: Diagnosis, appraisal, therapy and rehabilitation of people who attempt to suicide
Anahita khodabakhshi kooalee, PhD; Osman Mahmmodi; Rahmanberdi Ozuoni Davaji
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Group Cognitive- Rehabilitation Therapy for Patients with Schizophrenia Resistant to Medication
Neda Ali beigi;Parvaneh Mohamadkhani, PhD.; Robabeh Mazinani,MD.; Behrooz Dolatshahi, PhD.
Measurement of frequency of signs and symptoms in 120 cases with cord injury in Iran
Mojtaba Azimian, MD.; Asghar Dadkhah, PhD.
Accessibility to the public facilities: a mean to achieve civil rights of the people with disabilities in Iran
Roya Ghasemzadeh; Mohammad Kamali,PhD.; Ali Chabok,MD.; Masoud Fallahi Khoshknab, PhD.;
Manuchehr Shirani
Stuttering prevalence among Kurdish-Farsi students: Effects of the two languages similarities
Hiwa Mohamadi; Reza Nilipour,PhD.; Fariba Yadegari
Case Reports / series
Vibrotactile detection, identification and directional perception of signal-processed sounds from environmental events: A pilot field evaluation in five cases
Parivash Ranjbar, Camilla Johansson, Agneta Anderzén Carlsson, PhD.; Lennart Neovius,Erik Borg,PhD.

In the process of evaluation Children with DCD, standard instrument, like BOTMP can be used.BOTMP detected deficiency in gross & fine motor and other area like, upper limb coordination .We need accurate in formations for better treatment.BOTMP can be used in the process of evaluation for every DCD child , after that goals of treatment will be clearer.

The purpose of this study was for evaluation of relationship between hand function and age, sex by Jebson Taylor Test.This study determined whether age might be a factor when associated with sex.
In this study Jebson Taylor was evaluated on hand in 180 normal males and females(0.50% male , o.50% female ) in each of the following 7 subtest in 3 age groups :( 15-25), (35-45), (55-65), in Iran, Tehran(Rey).Duration of time in doing test was considered.
There was significant deference on hand function (dominate and no dominate) by the Jebson Taylor in 3 age groups.A2- factor analysis with age and sex as factors yielded signi fican difference(p-value<0.04) on some subtests between males and females in 3 age group.
The sex factor showed in age groups 15-25 males to be significantly better in " lifting small objects" on dominate hand and in " lifting large,lightweight objects" , " lifting large,heavy objects" on no dominate hand.Female performed better in age groups 35-45 in "stacking " ," lifting large,lightweight objects" on dominate hand and in "simulated feeding", "stacking" on no dominate hand.In the 55-65 age interval where females were significantly better in "stacking" on both of the hand.

Violence is a widespread problem that occurs all over the word among all ages, genders, races, educational level and socio- economic groups Objects: The aim of this study was to investigate modeling of different processes that could account for the link between experiencing spouse abuse in women and psychology, psychopathology, social and demographic factors.
Data were gathered through a family violence survey study. 230 married women participated in this study. Participants were selected by a multi-cluster sampling method from 4 different randomized regions of Tehran. They completed 1- Conflict Tactic Scale-2, 2- Personal and Relationship Profile, 3-Symptoms Check List Inventory, 4- Marital Attitude Survey, 5-Social and Demographic Measure .
Based on participants’ scores in Conflict Tactics Scale-2, women who were experiencing violence (victims) were recognized and in compare to non-experiencing women (non-victims) a model of family violence victimization was draw. This model showed the paths from psychology, psychopathology, Social and Demographic factors to experiencing violence.
Based on the model with a series of paths which may act as effective determinants for experiencing violence (family violence victimization) in women, habilitation services must consider the influence of each factor which may change or modify by some recognized mediating interventions .So, it may be concluded that based on present study, a reduction of psychopathology would have a beneficial impact over experiencing spousal violence.

To evaluate different signal-processing algorithms for tactile identification of environmental sounds in a monitoring aid for the deaf blind. Subjects: Two men and three women, sensorineurally deaf or profoundly hearing impaired with experience of vibratory experiments, age 22-36 years.
A closed set of 45 representative environmental sounds were processed using two transposing (TRHA, TR1/3) and three modulating algorithms (AM, AMFM, AMMC) and presented as tactile stimuli using a portable vibrator in three experiments. The algorithms TRHA, TR1/3, AMFM and AMMC had two alternatives (with and without adaption to vibratory thresholds). In Exp. 1, the sounds were preprocessed and directly fed to the vibrator. In Exp. 2 and 3, the sounds were presented in an acoustic test room, without or with background noise (SNR= dB), and processed in real time.
In Exp. 1, Algorithm AMFM and AMFM(A) consistently had the lowest identification scores, and were thus excluded in Exp. 2 and 3. TRHA, AM, AMMC, and AMMC(A) showed comparable identification scores (30%-42%) and the addition of noise did not deteriorate the performance.
Algorithm TRHA, AM, AMMC, and AMMC(A) showed good performance in all three experiments and were robust in noise; they can therefore be used in further testing in real environments.

The main purpose of this study is to produce an instrument for handwriting evaluation and to execute it on mentally retarded (MR) students.
This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and relationship study. 126 MR students (53 girls and 73 boys) ranging from 9 to 19 years old (13.23±2.17) from two exceptional children schools in shahr-e-rey participated in this study. A handwriting checklist made by the researcher was executed on all students. Data were analyzed by U-Mann whitney, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman rank correlation.
The test showed there isn’t a significant relationship between handwriting and laterality (p=0/196), sex (p=0/487) and age (p=0/449). There is a significant relationship between handwriting and grade (r=0/448, p<0/005), but no significant difference was seen between different grades. “separate writing” caused minimum legibility (81%), and “spacing” was damaged at the least (34.9%).
The frequency of handwriting difficulties in MR students showed that the necessity of professional attention in exceptional schools.

In this study, assessed the reliability, validity, and predictive power of a new version of the Reasons for Living Inventory for Adolescents (RFL–A; Osman et al., 1998) among Iranian Adolescents in the city of Kermanshah.
To examine this study A group of 400(189 males and 211 females) adolescent in high schools of Kermanshah and adolescents that attempt to suicide and cared in Emam Khomeini hospital selected to complete, the RFL–A, Beck Suicide Scale Ideation (BSSI; Beck et al., 1999), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS; Beck et al., 1974) And Oxford Happens Inventory (OHI). Additional information about the sample group including diagnosis and suicide status was obtained from their educational and medical records and documents.
It was determined that the RFL–A is a valid and reliable measure of adolescent suicide risk potential. Additionally, the RFL–A possesses better predictive power than the Beck Hopelessness Scale (Beck, Weismann, Lester, & Trexler, 1974).
The results showed the clinical and research utility of the RFL–A Specially in the work with suicide is included along with suggestions for future research. In addition, we could use this scale for diagnosis, appraisal, therapy and rehabilitation of people who attempt to suicide.

Against the background of evidence-based treatments for schizophrenia resistant to medication, the implementation of cognitive- Rehabilitation therapy (CRT) becomes more important, especially about patients who don’t response to medication. There is less evidence for group format and face- to face structure of CRT and also for resistant to medication patients. This research investigates the efficacy of GCRT decreasing positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and improving cognitive function.
A Randomized Controlled Trial was used to compare the efficacy of GCRT that of patients who receive treatment as usual (TAU). From Razi hospital in Tehran, 40 inpatient people with schizophrenia resistant to medication and persistent negative and positive symptoms were assigned. Patients were included if they were aged 25 to 55 years; had diagnosis of schizophrenia for at least 2 years and were persistent to medication for 2 years. 20 of them received a 16 session’s treatment over 2months and 20other ones were in waiting list. All Patients received TAU throughout the study. In all, 40 completed treatment. The positive and negative symptoms scales, NOSIE & NCSE completed for all patients before, in the middle and after treatment. .
Spss 11.5 and multivariate repeated measure was used. There were significant differences between the GCBT and TAU on positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Significant improvement were found in the severity and number of positive (P= 0/05) and negative (P= 0/001) symptoms in patients treated with GCRT. GCRT leaded to improvement in cognitive functions (p=0/001) but there was no change in behavioral functions. In control group there were no significant differences between three measures (pre, middle and post).
GCRT is a useful adjunct therapy in the management of patients with schizophrenia resistant to medication in treating negative &positive symptoms as well as cognitive deficits.

Our society is also affected by this injury. Since , understanding the problems & side-effects of this disease is so important(one of the first things need to encounter with) we try to evaluate the problem & effects of that from most expanded point of view.
Nowadays, spinal cord lesions, specially its injury, is one of the diseases/injuries that human-being is been affected by. It , not only, causes irreversible economical/social/cultural problems & uncompensated costs to the patient’s family & society ,but also , makes active peoples to inactive & needy ones.Till now, there is no successful treatment for these patients; so this ailment ,its sign/symptoms & effects must be considered as a true negative trouble.

IResulte: After assessing & analyzing information the most prevalent problems were: atrophy(100%) , pain with spinal origin(77.5%) , spasticity (67.5 %) , movement limitation(62.5 %) ,pressure ulcer ( 42.5%),vertebral column malformation (15%), improper ossification(10%).

n this study 120 patients with spinal cord injury (between 15 to 45 years old) was evaluated. All data were registered in special check list which had been designed for this study & finally assessed.

In this study the patients’ problems were obtained, many of them were treatable & preventable. It is considered that by identification of these patients & better medical & rehabilitative care , making good life or even returning to the normal every day life is possible. This study can be a first step for further studies & better treatment procedures in spinal injured patients.

Civil rights may cover different aspects of citizens’ lives. All the members of the society should have equal access to the public facilities and public transportation system. Barriers and obstacles in society may limit the accessibility of these facilities to the disabled people.

This article contains a part of the results in a phenomenological study of the Disability Rights. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe experiences of disability rights among 11 physically disabled that were living in Tehran, Iran. The study involves secondary analysis of in-depth transcribed interview data, using colazzi’s method.

A total of 655 descriptive expressions were categorized in to 25 preliminary structural elements (sub themes). 7 essential structural elements (themes) emerged from an analysis of the sub themes. One of these themes was right to access which was emerged from an analysis of 6 sub themes.

disabled people who participated in the interviews.
These sub themes that were obtained from an analysis of descriptive expressions of the participants, are: right to access to housing, right to access to education and information, right to access to job facilities, right to access to medical care and rehabilitation, right to access to rest, leisure and sport and right to access to places and transportation system. The right to access theme, was then categorized in to the civil rights field. In this article we will describe the right to access as it was experienced by those physically

Conducting field tests of a vibrotactile aid for deaf/deafblind persons for detection, identification and directional perception of environmental sounds.

Five deaf (3F/2M, 22–36 years) individuals tested the aid separately in a home environment (kitchen) and in a traffic environment. Their eyes were blindfolded and they wore a headband and holding a vibrator for sound identification. In the headband, three microphones were mounted and two vibrators for signalling direction of the sound source. The sounds originated from events typical for the home environment and traffic. The subjects were inexperienced (events unknown) and experienced (events known). They identified the events in a home and traffic environment, but perceived sound source direction only in traffic.

The detection scores were higher than 98% both in the home and in the traffic environment. In the home environment, identification scores varied between 25%-58% when the subjects were inexperienced and between 33%-83% when they were experienced. In traffic, identification scores varied between 20%-40% when the subjects were inexperienced and between 22%-56% when they were experienced. The directional perception scores varied between 30%-60% when inexperienced and between 61%-83% when experienced.

The vibratory aid consistently improved all participants’ detection, identification and directional perception ability.