Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
Volume:8 Issue: 11, Apr 2010

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common multiple congenital anomaly syndrome associated with a developmental disability. Children with Down syndrome have delay in both motor and mental age. This study carried out to explore relationship between mental and motor age of children with DS. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 participants with DS (5 to 7 years old) using randomized method of sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mental and motor age of participants was measured by Peabody Developmental Motor Scales and Goodenough Draw A Man Test. test result was analyzed for total, gross and fine motor age and mental age. Results were interpreted by the statistical method of pearson correlation analysis. There was significant correlation between mental age and total motor age based on pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.93). Results of the study showed that there were strong positive correlations between gross, fine and total motor age, and mental age of children with Down syndrome and suggest the hypothesis that simultaneous utilization of motor and mental practice through rehabilitation programs is more effective than mere practice.

Neda Moradin; Mojtaba Azimian; Bahareh Shojasaffar University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences Ana Maria Cobo, - Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires GNMH, France Kaveh Alavi, Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center Shahriar Nafisi, Shariati Hospital, Tehran Mandana Hasanzad, Seyed Mohammad Ebrahim Moosavi, Azadeh Shirazian, Hossein Najmabadi. Kimia Kahrizi University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Genetics Research Center Abstract Myotonic Dystrophy type I (DM1) is a dominantly inherited disorder with a multisystemic pattern affecting skeletal muscle, heart, eye, endocrine and central nervous system. DM1 is associated with the expansion and instability of CTG repeat in the 3' untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene located on chromosome 19q13.3. The aim of this study was to determine clinical and genetic characteristic of DM1 in Iranian patients. Genotype-phenotype correlation was also assessed in a small group of studied patients. Twenty six DM1 patients belonging to seventeen families were analyzed. Clinical assessment was based on the muscular disability rating scale (MDRS) and a sum of symptoms score (SSS). Molecular analysis (PCR and Southern blot) was used to clarify uncertain clinical diagnosis and in order to confirm clinical findings. There was an inverse and significant correlation between age of onset and expanded allele length (p=0.026, tau-b=-0.360) based on Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficient, while there was no significant correlation between age of onset and severity of the clinical symptoms (p<0.05). Also no significant correlation was observed between the two severity scales of the disease (MDRS and SSS) and expanded allele length (p<0.05). Expanded allele length was correlated with hypogonadism (p=0.007) and cognitive impairment (p=0.034). There was no correlation between cataract and endocrine dysfunction with the expansion size in DM1 patients. Generally it seems there is discordant correlation between clinical symptoms and expanded allele length.

Stigma is a negative value. Many behaviors are to ward Stigmatized people. Down syndrome is one of conditions with Stigma. The aim of this study is to determine the sources of labeling in iranian Down syndrome. The View of 105 Down syndrome families concerning stigma were conducted. All of Down syndrome was under 50 years. A fair proportion of Down syndrome families perceived that stigma had a negative effect from social. Causes of stigma are different. Stigma due social interaction, Media and health professionals are significant than others. The diagnostic label of Down syndrome may render the person and his family vulnerable to stigmatization. The most causes of stigma were determined; therefore, in the destigmatization programs, they must be attended. Stigma must be detected, too.

This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on craving, symptoms of depression and anxiety among the patients under MMT. In this experimental study, 36 opiate addicts under MMT were selected out of all the patients referring to Iranian National Center of Addiction Studies on a judgmental sampling method and were randomly allocated to two experimental and control groups. In experimental group, a total sum of 8 sessions (one session per week) of cognitive behavioral group therapy were delivered. The main theme of these sessions were efficient management of craving, negative mood and anxiety. Data were gathered with different questionnaires including the questionnaire of demographic data, RPS for craving assessment, BDI-II for depression and BAI for anxiety. Different methods of statistical analysis were implemented. The results indicated that post test and follow-up scores of craving index were decreased significantly (p<0.05). Depression and Anxiety scores showed significant decrease as well. Considering the above mentioned findings, we concluded that cognitive-behavioral group therapy was effective in significantly decreasing craving and symptoms of anxiety and depression in opiate addicts under MMT.

Aim of this study is to investigate the initial effect of taping technique on wrist extension and grip strength and pain of Individuals with tennis elbow. fifteen patients (10 men and 5 women with 42.53 years) on their dominant arm participated in this study. Outcome measures were wrist extension and grip strength and pain taken before and immediately after application of tape. The unaffected arm served as a control. Used of hand-held dynamometer and jammar dynamometer for evaluated of wrist extension and grip strength. Also, visual analog scale (VAS) used for evaluated of pain Among the variables, significant differences were found in wrist extension strength between effected and unaffected arm (P=0.006). Also, changes in grip strength shows statically significant improve in effect arm than unaffected arm (P=0.001). Changes in pain in impaired arm were positive. Taping technique, as applied in this study demonstrated an impressive effect on wrist extension and grip strength and pain in individuals with tennis elbow. Therefore, it is recommended that this method may be useful in the management of this condition during exercise and functional rehabilitation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Effectiveness of group anger management skills training on reducing aggression of mothers with ADHD childrens. The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. Population of the study was all of the mothers of children's with ADHD that referred to counseling and psychological clinics in Tehran. The sample was 40 mothers children's with ADHD that randomly selected from population. They were placed randomly to experimental group (20 mothers) and control group (20 mothers). Experimental group received 10 session’s of anger management skills training, while control group didn’t receive any intervention. The results showed that experimental group had significantly decreased in aggression level after intervention than control group (p<0.001). Results of this study indicated that anger management skills training in decreasing aggression level of mothers with ADHD children's is effective. Based on the results anger management skills training can be considered an effective program for prevention of aggression and promoting anger management skills in mothers with ADHD childrens.

The purpose of this study is to describe the experiences of adults with acquired blindness while performing the daily activities of normal life and to investigated the role of environmental factors in this process. A qualitative phenomenological method has been designed for this study. A sample of 22 adults with acquired blindness who were blind for more than 5 years of life were purposefully selected and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with them. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded and analyzed using van Manen’s method. The five clustered themes that emerged from the interviews included: 1. Products and technology - discusses the benefits and drawbacks of using advanced technology to promote independence 2. Physical environment - “The streets are like an obstacle course” 3. Support and relationships - refers to the assistance that blind people receive from family, friends, and society 4. Attitudes - includes family and social attitudes toward blind people 5. Services and policies - social security, supportive acts, economic factors, educational problems and providing services. Discusion: Findings identify how the daily living activities of blind people are affected by environmental factors and what those factors are. The results will enable occupational therapists and other health care professionals who are involved with blind people to become more competent during assessment, counseling, teaching, giving support, or other interventions as needed to assist blind people. Recommendations for further research include more studies of this population to identify other challenges over time. This would facilitate long-term goals in the care. Studies that include more diversity in demographic characteristics would provide greater generalization. Some characteristics such as adolescent age group, married and single, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are particularly important to target.

The purpose of the present study was to study the effects of hope-oriented group-couple- therapy on the increase of marital satisfaction among wives with addicted husbands. The design of study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and a control group. Population of the study included all wives with addicted husbands who volunteered to participate in the hope-oriented group- couple-therapy sessions, held in 2010 at Residential and Rehabilitatory Place of Aftab Population. Sampling was achieved through random selection which assigned 6 couples in the experiment and six couples in the control groups. Enrich marital satisfaction-short form was the instrument utilized in the study; consistency coefficient for the questionnaire was calculated at. 091 by Asgari & Bahmani (2010). Hope-oriented group-couple- therapy sessions involved a pre-session and 8 main sessions which were held once a week, each 1.5 hour; to hold these sessions practical instructions on hope therapy, as suggested by Snyder, et. al & Verthington (cited in Bahari, 2010) were utilized. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS using descriptive statistics methods (drawing tables, depiction of diagrams and using mean and standard deviation for the study variables) and inferential statistics methods (including Colmogrov-Smirnov test, t-test for independent groups, Lewin test, Q-Square test and co-variance test). Results of covariance analysis revealed hope-oriented group-couple-therapy intervention could significantly increase marital satisfaction among couples of the experimental group as compared to the control group. to summarize, this study showed the effects of using couple therapy, the advantages of group therapy, the advantages of adopting a hope-oriented approach and the benefits of making use of multiple therapeutic methods (such as cognitive-behavioral, problem-oriented, motivational and narrative therapies).

The goal of the present study was to compare the role of vision on static postural stability between athletes and nonathletes.

Participants included two groups of 25 persons, men Karatekas who were selected in Isfahan (age 20.6 ± 2.8 years, 66.24 ± 10.34 kg of weight, height 1.76 ± 0.07 m) and healthy young men in Isfahan (age 21.6 ± 2.33 years, 66.8 ± 11.34 kg of weight, height 1.74 ± 0.08 m). The sampling was conducted on the basis of nonprobability sampling method. All participants performed the static balance test on the force plate. Postural stability was measured and assessed during 35 seconds in a state of constant standing with paired feet in the center of the force plate in the two positions of eyes open and closed (3 trials in each positions) with random sequences. The rest between trials was 25 seconds. Parameters of mean velosity, standard deviation of velosity and standard deviation of amplitude in both anterior-posterior and medio-lateral plans from the center of foot pressure were recorded by the device. Two-way ANOVA was used for data analysis.

The test results showed that the interaction between vision and group did not exist. Closing the eyes led to a significant increase in postural sway in all parameters. Two parameters of mean velocity and standard deviation of velosity in medio-lateral plan were significantly greater in athletes than nonathletes.

The findings can be considered for the design of exercises in karate and rehabilitation after sports injuries.

As individuals with long-term disabilities and other older adults face declines in health and function, there is a greater need for assistive technology (AT) or assistive devices and environmental interventions (EI) to help them maintain their independence and community participation. These aids can help older adults and individuals with disabilities function in work, home, recreational, and other community settings as they encounter age related or disability related changes. ‘Assistive Technology refers to products, devices or equipment that are used to maintain, increase or improve the functional capabilities of people with disabilities. A thorough assessment of the individual’s preferences and needs must be conducted before an assistive device is obtained. If one type of device is inadequate to meet an individual’s needs, it should not be assumed that there are no viable alternatives. Individuals’ use of AT and the type of technology used may change over time or as they age. Low-tech aids, such as canes or walkers, or high-tech aids, such as manual or power wheelchairs or scooters, are used to help individuals achieve mobility. Assistive Technologies to aid in communication currently range from low-tech devices such as books to high-tech, augmentative communication devices, which are computers. Computer technology can help individuals become more independent and can enhance their ability to overcome a wide range of limitations. Accessibility can involve more than architectural structure. AT for use in the environment can also increase individuals’ ability to function within their environment. Advancements in AT will occur in the technology itself, the services associated with the technology, and in the government policies and programs relative to AT. There will more widespread use of universal design, with less special-purpose AT required.

The acute compartment syndrome of the forearm is rare and may therefore be easily missed. Although many clinicians will not see such a patient during their entire career, profound knowledge of the symptoms is required to recognize the syndrome in time. Besides immediate identification of the compartment syndrome early surgical treatment is mandatory to avoid its devastating consequences. Then the functional results can be good, but it can''t be correct in child because of more chance to survive necrotic muscle and regain motion with splinting and hand therapy.