نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز
سال یکم شماره 3 (تابستان 1391)

Clinical ultrasonography may be provides a quick and non-invasive Modality for evaluation of patients’ hemodynamics for volume status. In this study we want to assess and attempt to analyze accuracy of inferior vena cava (IVC) ultrasonography and central venous catheterization in determine central venous pressure (CVP).Method and Materials: The patients were undergoing central venous catheterization, have been kept in an observational, diagnostic and comparative study. IVC diameters were determined by 2- dimensional bedside ultrasonography during 1 respiratory cycle and the caval index was measured.The correlation of CVP and caval index was measured. In addition, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of caval index was calculated.

All 114 patients were divided in three groups: 59% of patients had CVP<8, 19% had 8 ≥ CVP≤12 and 22% had CVP>12. The relationship between caval index and CVP was 0.75. The results of this study demonstrated that the caval index≥ 50% can predict the CVP<8 with 91%sensitivity, 94% specificity, 94%positive predictive value, and 89.5% negative predictive value. Also, the caval index ≤28% can predict a CVP>12 with 96% sensitivity, 94.5%specificity, 83% positive predictive value and 98.8% negative predictive value.

Our results in this study told us that there is significant correlation between caval index≥50% and CVP<8 or caval index 28% and CVP>12.

Ultrasound assessment of IVC dimensions may provide a quick and non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring method of assessing volume status and can performed by educated technician or medical students.

Birth weight is one of the most important indicators for growth in infants. Therefore identifying the associated risk factors of abnormal birth weight is necessity. This study has been designed to detect body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy and its correlation with birth weight of infants.

Between October 2010 and October 2011 in a cross sectional and descriptive study 1376 pregnant women age range between 18-35 years and gestational age <12 weeks of pregnancy were enrolled. BMI was measured at first prenatal visit and prenatal care was done according to health ministry curriculum. A questionnaire that included demographic, medical history and midwifery data was filled up for each case and preterm delivery cases were recorded. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software, logistic regression, student t-test, Fisher’s exact chi-square test.

Univariate analysis showed that LBW was related to mothers in overweight groups, although the differences was not statistically significant (P=1.00). Also the incidence of childbirth with birth weight above 4 kg in overweight and obese mothers was more (P=0.001). On the other hand our statistical analysis results showed an important role for abnormal weight gain during pregnancy, so that weight gain during pregnancy as BMI was affective to predict birth weight of infants (P=0.000, P=0.004).

Results of this study showed an association between abnormal BMI, weight gain during pregnancy and abnormal birth weight. Therefore consultation with a specialist in nutrition for women in reproductive aged could reduce the chance of LBW.

Identifying the strengths and weaknesses in clinical education is necessary for its improvement. To this end, students are the most important source for acquiring necessary information in this field. This study aimed to assess clinical education in the Alborz University of Medical Sciences from surgical technology and anesthesiology students’ Point of View in 2011

This research was a descriptive-sectional study performed at the Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2011. Surgical technology and anesthesia students’ view about Clinical Education was evaluated. Assessment tool was a researcher made questionnaire with 35 items that was completed by students Data were analyzed through SPSS software and statistical methods.

The results indicated that from surgical technology students’ view, the optimal condition about clinical education was related to dealing with students. However, the field of educational program and goals was first-rated by anesthesia students. In summary, with average score of 74, medical condition was described as “suitable” by surgical technology students. Also, anesthesia students described the condition as “relatively suitable” by average score of 53.

Because of surgical technology and anesthesiology students needs to acquire clinical skills along with theoretical training, providing suitable clinical environment seems to be critical to achieve essential in-depth experience in professional aspects.

Safety Climate as one of the health and safety management performance evaluation indicators is discussed. The purpose of this study was to plot the safety climate of the under study Petrochemical industry and evaluation of its strengths and weaknesses.

Loughborough University Safety Climate Assessment Toolkit (LSCAT) was used in this study which assesses the safety climate governs on the workplace in 17 dimensions. Nine of them deal with attitude of workers directly and three of them deal with Organizational activity and fine of them via interview, deal with issues such as management style, Cooperation and etc. 1 to 10 scale is used for scoring each dimension.

Average score of the industry's safety climate was obtained 5.9. Of 17 studied dimensions, 9 dimensions were weak (score less than 6). Lowest score were related to Event & Accident and Change management dimensions. Highest score were related to Individual priorities and need for safety (8.65). Generally relationship between individual variables (ages, work experience, education) and safety climate were not significant (P>0.05).

Generally one can conclude that individual variables such as age, education and experience have not significant effect on safety climate. It seems that top management forms the organizational climate and consequently safety climate. It reaffirms the basic principle of senior management commitment to safety and its role in preventing accidents. Thus safety climate can be used as a good method for assessing Occupational Health and Safety Management Performance.