نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز
سال دوم شماره 3 (تابستان 1392)

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. In Iran, breast cancer ranks first among cancers diagnosed in women. Nevertheless, many of women haven’t enough knowledge about breast cancer risk factors and symptoms. The main reason for this escalating mortality is lack of awareness and late diagnosis of disease. The aim of present study assessed the knowledge about risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer, also the screening method and practice (Breast self examination) about it. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. In this study 340 red crescent volunteer women participated in a national congress were selected with convenience sampling method. The data collection instrument consisted of a three part questionnaire which included demographic factors, Knowledge level about risk factors, symptoms and screening methods of breast cancer and questions concerning practice about breast self examination (BSE).The study tool was a researcher-designed questionnaire which could evaluated a number of variables. After data collection, analysis was carried out with descriptive tests by SPSS.16 software. The mean age of subjects was 23±2.1yrs. Knowledge about breast cancer risk factors was very poor, the most widely known risk factor and lowest among the participants was family history of breast cancer (30.6 %) and early menarche (under 12 years) (0.3%) respectively. Only 47.9% respondents correctly recognized breast lump and 11.2% breast discharge as the most common symptoms of breast cancer.30% of subjects were aware of BSE. However, a lesser proportion (9.4%) was done BSE regular monthly every few months. Regarding the low level of the women’s knowledge about breast cancer especially in young educated women, screening and interventional programs to improve awareness and practice is essential.

Addiction is one of the social bad phenomenon and because of family is the most vulnerable of social institution against to the adverse effects of addiction and due to head of family with drug addicts cannot perform his role as husband and father, important role of women in such families is double. Due to this group of women are the most vulnerable community groups and are at risk of serious damage to the system of family, present study describes the structure and nature of psychological problems who addict to heroin and deep understanding of the overall psychological problems. In this research was used from qualitative approaches (phenomenology). Sampling method is based on object and has been continued until data saturation. Participants were the wives of men who have been addicted to heroin. The women refer to Eynolhayat club - treatment center of addiction- in Khoy city during this research. The extracted interviews were analyzed. Concepts of internal stresses associated with six subconcepts that were identified are as follow: shy, uncertain future, frustration, guard less, concern and confusion. This study suggests that the wives of men who addicted to heroin experience a range of psychological problems in various aspects of their life. They need psychological support and use from counseling of psychologists when faced with psychological problems. Because the women have an important role in shaping the family system, the practitioners with adequate knowledge of their spouse problems in relation to addiction husbands must support them. We can use from findings of this study to educate and raise awareness level of some organization (especially the anti-drug organization) and the nature of addiction to rise possibility comply with human psychosis problems and better support from them.

The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the group program "parent management training" to reduce the symptoms of external disorders of children affected by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The method was semi-experimental design with pretest, posttest, control group, and follow-up was two months. Statistical population were all parents of children with ADHD in the Alborz province, who had referred from 2010 to clinic of childhood and adolescence disorders’ Dr. Maryam Dalili, and had records there. Among them 30 children aged 3-10 and their parents were selected by sampling and matched with regard to research criteria and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people. Research tool was Rutter`s behavioral assessment questionnaire 1964 that was performed in both groups in pretest, posttest and follow-up. The Management training program for parents of Barkely 1987, included 9 session one-hour, once a week was presented to parents of experimental group, and the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed by using one-way intra group covariance analysis. Results showed that parents management training significantly has reduced the behavioral disorders symptoms and external signs including aggression, impulsivity, hyperactivity and anxiety in children with ADHA compared with the control group and pretest stage. Parent management training can be an effective method to treat the external symptoms of children with ADHA, and this method can be used in combination with other treatments that are performed about these children, such as drug therapy, behavioral therapy and so on.

Groundwater is often withdrawn for agricultural, municipal and industrial use by constructing and operating extraction wells. Nowadays, The need for clean water is increasing due to population growth and accelerated industrialization. From the viewpoint of WHO, approximately 80% of all human diseases caused by water. Groundwater can be a safe water for many communities and for this reason may be polluted by many ways. Therefore, it seems essential the protection and monitoring of them.The main object of this study was investigation the quality of Buin Zahra drinking water resources using GWQI. The current study was developed based on multivariate analysis to determine a groundwater quality index (GWQI) with using 9 GWQI parameters with the aim of monitoring the buin Zahra city. Sampling was carried out from seven city (Ardaq, Avaj, Buin Zahra, Shaal, Abgarm, Segzabad and Dansfhan) and representative wells that had the highest discharge. These water resources were monitored seasonally for a period of six month (between May to September). The proportion of observed concentrations to the maximum allowable concentration is calculated as normalized value of each parameter in observing wells. Final indices for each well are calculated considering weight of each parameter. The measurement of parameters were experimented as a duplicate. The results showed that the lower levels of fluoride and higher values of parameters such as turbidity, total hardness, and magnesium in the selected wells that also higher than maximum contamination level for drinking purposes, with considering the rate of groundwater quality index. In terms of GWQI, the quality index of Ardaq, Buin Zahra, Shaal, Segzabad and Dansfhan wells were good, on the other hand. water quality in Avaj and Abgarm wells were in very good condition.

Drug injection is one of the most important risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The present study was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of HBV and HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) and to identify the related risk factors for these infections in this group. This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on three hundred IDUs coming to MMT, DIC and behavior counseling centers in kashan in 2009. questionnaires consisting of demographic information and related risk factors of HBV, HIV infection were filled through interviews. After taking consent, 5 cc blood were obtained. HBV and HIV infection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) were examined HIV positive cases were confirmed by western blot. Data analyzed using Spss (version 16). and K square and fisher exat test. 288(96%) out of 300 IDUs, were male and 12(4%)were female. The majority of IDUs 127(42. 3%) were in 30-39 age group with mean age 34. 9±9. 7. (Min:17,Max 68). The majority of IDUs 224(74. 7%) had more than 10 years history of addiction. The age range of onset addiction was 15-20 year in the most of cases 134(44. 7%). The prevalence of HIV was 7(2. 3%), and HBsAg+2(0. 7%). There was no coinfection HIV and HBV. According to High risk behaviors in IDUs and identified HIV cases among them, periodic screening of IDU, HBV vaccination and treatment of addiction and development of MMT centers to prevent of these infections is recommended.

Low birth weight is the most important cause of mortality in infancy which occurs due to the several reasons including the birth of a preterm (premature) baby.These infants need to be in hospital due to the undeveloped respiratory and digestive systems and coordination between different systems. Long stay in the hospital can be associated with complications and high cost of treatment, therefore, treatments that reduce the duration of stay in hospital can help the patient and the healthcare system. This study was conducted as clinical trial study through selecting both control and intervention groups. In this study, 20 cases (infants) were assigned to each group and intervention was performed using the PIOMI method. The mean duration of stay in hospital in the both control and intervention groups were 19.4 (days) and 16.5 (days) respectively which showed a significant difference (P=0.027).results and Oral motor stimulation using PIOMI method is an effective help in earlier start of oral feeding, and reduction in the duration of stay in hospital. Therefore, this method can help the treatment of preterm infants and lower health care costs.

Textile and dying industries are considered most important industries of each country. In these industries due to the use of different colors in different processes, their wastewater is highly colored and must be treated before discharge to the environment. The objective of this study was Investigation of nano alumina efficiency for removal of Acid Red 18 dye from aqueous solutions. This study was carried out in the laboratory scales. Synthetic solution was made from Acid Red 18 dye stock and effect of different parameters such as dye concentration, pH solution, nano alumina concentration and contact time on dye removal efficiency were evaluated. Also kinetic and isotherm models of adsorption process were evaluated. Results from experiments showed that dye removal was increased with increasing contact time and nano alumina powder concentration, while decreased with increasing of pH and dye concentration. Experimental data were best fitted to Longmuir isotherm model (r2=0.994). The maximum adsorption capacity for Acid Red 18 was found 83.33 mg g-1. The results from kinetic studies showed that removal of Acid Red 18 was best described by pseudo-second order kinetic model (r2=0.999). The present study shows nano alumina powder is promising adsorbent for removal of Acid Red 18 from aqueous solution.

Body builder athletes’ high attention to form of body can result in high prevalence of nutritional disorders and habit to energizer drugs consumption. With notice to abuse problems of these drugs, this research was carried out to estimate prevalence of energizer drugs and supplements consumption in Karaj body builder men in 2011. In cross-sectional (description- analytical) research 780 Karaj body builder men were selected randomly. Data were collected through interview with questionnaires containing demographic questions and using information of drugs. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (Ver. 19) and κ² test with meaningful level of P<0.05. Prevalence of consumption in studied sample from different types of supplements and energizer drugs was estimated 88.2%. The most consumption prevalence belonged to food supplements and vitamins group and combination of those (69.9%). About anabolic and energizer compounds and also hormonal drugs and corticosteroids, prevalence was 5.6% and 2.1% respectively and 7.7% totally. There was meaningful relation between experience times of abuse problems, place of drug and supplement supply and attention to being permissible or impermissible of those items with type of drugs or supplement (P = 0.001). Also relation between consumption of supplements and drugs with main goal in using them was meaningful (P = 0.045). Consumption of supplement and energizer drugs in Karaj body builder men has high prevalence.