نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز
سال ششم شماره 4 (پاییز 1396)

The clinical significance of aminoglycosides is due to effect of gram-negative bacteria, staphylococcus aureus and some streptococcus. It is most application in the treatment of infections caused by facultative aerobic gram-negative bacilli. Combination of an aminoglycoside with beta-lactam or glycopeptide has synergistic effect on sensitive bacteria and can be effective in the treatment. Today, some bacteria have multiple resistances to some antibiotics, including aminoglycosides. Acquired resistance to aminoglycosides in Gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria have been reported. Three resistance mechanisms involve a change in the position of the ribosomal binding of drugs, decreasing drug permeability and enzymatic drug inactivation. So, Identification of resistance mechanisms and find new functional groups is important in reducing resistance.

In recent years, has been created many concerns about the entry of antibiotics in aquatic environments. The aim of this study is to Investigation of The effect common ions in water sources to remove cephalexin using absorbent mineral pumice (pumice).
This study was Foundation – Applied. In the first stage, absorbent properties were determined using techniques (XRD, BET, XRF, FTIR and SEM) before and after absorption And then, in the second stage, Performance of pumice by changing variables such as time, PH, concentration of pumice, concentrations of cephalexin, different concentrations of calcium, magnesium, copper, sulphate, and carbonate were studied.
The results showed that pumice has a high efficiency in the absorption of cephalexin from aqueous solutions. For cephalexin, maximum efficiency in the contact time of 150 minutes, PH = 5, adsorbent dose of 5 g/l, concentrations of antibiotics 10 mg/l was observed respectively 44.75% (using raw pumice) and 55.66% (using modified pumice).
According to the results obtained with increasing adsorbent dosage and the contact time efficiency increased. When PH and concentrations of cephalexin are increased efficiency is reduced. In this study, the modified pumice with hydrochloric acid in comparison with raw pumice has better efficiency in the absorption of cephalexin. According to the results of this study ions had little effect on the absorption of cephalexin. In this study, adsorption Cephalexin on to pumice follow of Frondlykh isotherm and pseudo-second order.

Escherichia coli is a gram negative bacilli and the most common cause of urinary tract infection especially in patients admitted to the hospital, the elderly and pregnant women. Nowadays, the excessive use of antibiotics has led to an ever-increasing prevalence of drug-resistant strains, and it seems that the spread of these strains is much faster than the discovery of new drugs. Medicinal herbs are a rich and valuable source of various compounds with antimicrobial properties and can be a good option for solving the problems of using antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of chamomile, thyme, fennel and eucalyptus on some pathogenic factors of Escherichia coli causative agent of urinary tract infection.
In this study, the Escherichia coli bacterium was isolated from the urine specimen of patients with urinary tract infection and identified by biochemical methods. The effect of different dilutions of plant extracts on motility, hemolysin production and biofilm formation was investigated. MIC and MBC of extracts were investigated using disc diffusion method.
The results showed that, the alcoholic extract of thyme in three concentrations of 10, 5 and 2.5 mg/ml can prevent motility of the studied strain. Among the four plants studied, the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of thyme had the most effect in inhibiting the formation of biofilm. Alcoholic extract of thyme at concentration of 218.75 µg/ml and the alcoholic eucalyptus Extract at Concentration of 54.6875 µg/ml had inhibitory effects on the growth of bacterium, also the thyme alcoholic extract at concentration of 3500 μg / ml had bactericidal effect. None of the extracts had an effect on hemolysin production.
Considering the inhibitory effect of thyme and eucalyptus alcoholic extracts on bacterial growth and the ability of these extracts to prevent biofilm formation and bacterial motility, these two herbs can be considered as the first choice for the treatment of urinary tract infections.

Nowadays, the treatment of viral diseases such as Herpes simplex virus type 1 with chemical drugs is one challenge of medical knowledge due to the appearance of drug resistance in the virus. So, the need is for new antiviral drugs. In this regard, we can use the medicinal application of plants which has been found in human life lots. In this study, antiviral effect of Thymus kotschyanus plant was investigated on HSV-1 multiplication.
Thymus kotschyanus plant was extracted with decoction method to obtain aqueous extract. This extract was screened for its cytotoxicity on Hep-2 cell line by CPE assay at concentrations 50-1000 μg/ml. Antiviral properties of the plant extract was determined by cytopathic effect inhibition assay at one, two and three hours after inoculation of HSV-1.
Thymus kotschyanus plant had not toxic effect at nontoxic concentrations to use. Findings indicated most antiviral effect of plant extract after an hour of virus inoculation that decreased at two and three hours.
Thymus kotschyanus extract exhibited very well antiviral effect on HSV-1 at nontoxic concentrations to use. Further research is needed to find effect mechanism of this plant which be used in conformation of antiviral drugs.

Slum dwelling is the main challenge that developing countries face. Lack of enough knowledge about the distribution of non-communicable disease risk factors, like unhealthy nutrition and mental problem, is one of the characteristics of these areas. The aim of this study was to assess the health needs of the slum dwellers in term of nutrition and mental health cares and their accessibility to primary health cares.
Participants of this descriptive-cross sectional study were 514 married women of three slums of Karaj in 2015. The study was conducted using two-stage cluster sampling. Data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire to gather socio-demographic information, the perceived mental and nutritional health care needs and the amount of accessibility to primary health cares.
231 (62.4%) and 299 (58.4%) of participants stated the need for nutritional and psychological consultation respectively, but only 26.2% and 24.1% of them had received proper consultation (in order). More than 40% of people with nutritional and mental health consultation needs had used private sectors to satisfy their needs. More than 60% of them found health expert advices effective, moderate and high, and more than 70% of them found themselves in need of more information.
The findings indicated that slum dwellers need to get more information and consultation about nutritional and mental health issues. Considering to the slum dwellers needs and their positive attitude toward effectiveness of health care advices, it seems that providing necessary infrastructure to improve these people’s access to the health care is essential to improve the health of them and to reach health justice.

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is a water-soluble vitamin and yellow. The aim of this study is to identify ýstrains of Bacillus isolated from soil do with the ability to produce riboflavin by PCR.
Soil samples was mild randomly during 2 consecutive days the air. Sampling was performed of areas far from the sun ýand from 3 to 10 cm soil depth. The genus Bacillus were identified to species level ýusing standard methods. Also isolates were approved identified using the PCR method. To study the ýriboflavin production of synthetic culture media were used and HPLC techniques.
PCR using gene 16SrRNA test results showed that 32 strains obtained from a strain of Bacillus subtilis ýand 10 were 2 strain of Bacillus megaterium. The isolated strains of Bacillus megaterium PTCC 1250 with ýstandard strains were positive of riboflavin production in synthetic medium and HPLC.
ý Bacillus subtilis bacteria living in the soil among the most important role in the production of ýriboflavin and riboflavin-producing strains to confirm the use of molecular methods is necessary.

Radon is a colorless, odorless half-life radioactive gas that that can be emission from decorative stones such as granite, marble, etc. inhaling radon gas over a long period may increase in lung cancer among patients.
Material and In this cross-sectional-descriptive study, Radon 222 and Thoron concentrations was measured in four Decorative stones of warehouse by Radon meter portable RTM1688-2 model in three stages. In total, 24 concentrations of 24 hours of indoor air and 24 concentrations of 4 hours of Radon 222 and thoron of the background air were measured. Then, effective dose received of Radon 222 and Thoron was calculated by UNSCEAR equations.
The mean indoor air radon and background air were 74±37 and 34±16 Bq/m3, respectively. The mean concentration of Radon of indoor air in Decorative stones of warehouses in DSW1, DSW2, DSW3 and DSW4 is 72.50±34, 98.25±43, 34.42±18 and 88.92±51 Bq/m3. The mean effective dose received by the staff from Radon 222 and Thoron at 8 working hours is 0.53±0.18 and 0.05±0.03 mSv/y and in 16 working hours is 1.05±0.36 and 0.11±0.07 mSv/y, respectively. Also, the mean effective dose received by staff from Radon at 8 and 16 working hours is 0.58±0.2 and 1.16±0.41 mSv/y.
Mean radon concentration in indoor air and the mean effective dose received by staff is lower than the standards level. Decorative stone of warehouses is the resources accumulation of Radon gas that can be reduced by doing corrective actions.

Non-epithelial ovarian cancers consist of tumors with germ cell and stroma basis and metastatic ovarian tumors. These tumors consist 10% of ovarian cancers but are more common in our region. In this study our purpose was to have a look at risk factor of these tumors.
We studied 28 patients with non-epithelial ovarian and 84 control cases were also collected from those who came to genecology’s clinic. We evaluated past reproductive history and individual characteristic.
In our study age of marriage, the age of first gestational pregnancy, age of last gestational pregnancy, gravidity, parity, rate of abortion, age of menarche, age of menopause and use of contraception tablets and history of cancer in patient and her family between two group of cases and controls were not significant but body mass index showed statistically significant differences (p=0.017)
body mass index was a risk factor for this type of cancer.