نشریه پرستاری ایران
پیاپی 92 (اسفند 1393)

Research in the field of health is essential for the development of health care and plays a central role in medical sciences. Accordingly this study was undertaken to determine research self-efficacy of female and male nursing students in higher education. It was a descriptive، cross sectional study. The research population was nursing students of higher education in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in academic year of 2013-2014. Simple random sampling was used to recruit the students. Data was collected by Phillips & Russell Research Self Efficacy (RSE) questionnaire and analyzed by Independent- sample t -test and Two- way ANOVA using SPSS-PC (v. 20). The results showed that the male and female students were situated upper than the standard average in terms of self-efficacy of writing skills، practical research skills، quantitative and computer skills، research design skills and total research self- efficacy. There was no significant difference between male and female students in terms of self-efficacy of design skills، self-efficacy of practical research skills، self-efficacy of quantitative and computer skills، self-efficacy of writing skills، and total research self-efficacy (p >0. 05). No significant relationship was found between the interaction of gender and interest in research، and research self-efficacy (F =1/21، P=0/27). However، the singular role of interest in research and research self-efficacy was significant (F =7/63، P=0/006). Future research is recommended to be undertaken to study the relationship between research self-efficacy and factors such as educational environment، scientific motivation and research products.

Vascular complications after coronary angiography could lead to serious risks in patients. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of vascular complications and its related factors after angiography. This cross-sectional study was done on 400 patients undergoing coronary angiography using consecutive sampling method in Rasht Heshmat Hospital. Data was collected through observation and recording the information (including demographic information، clinical and technical factors and a checklist to assess the vascular complications of the removal site of the sheet) and analyzed by descriptive T-test، Chi-Square and Logistic Regression using SPSS-PC (v. 20). The majority of the sample were male (59/2%) (59/21 ± 11/9). A total of 24% of patients developed vascular complications and ecchymosis had the highest incidence (71/4%). Multivariate Regression analysisindicated that high blood pressure history (p=0. 005)، systolic blood pressure before removal of the sheet (p=0/023)، anticoagulative drugs (p=0/027)، sheet size (p<0/001)، the number of attempts to venipuncture (p<0/001) and duration of angiography (p<0/001) predictthe development of vascular complications. With knowledge of thepredictive factors of vascular complications، nurses would be able to prevent complications، prolonged hospitalization and hospital costs.

Happiness is one of the most urgent natural and psychological demands of human beings and because of its major impact on the health and development of society، the human’ mind has always been busy about it. This study seeks to determine the factors associated with elderly happiness in Ilam city. It was a descriptive cross- sectional study with predictive- correlational design. The sample consisted of 370 elderlies of Ilam city who were recruited by systematic random sampling. Data was collected in 2014 by a three part questionnaire including (1) personal characteristics sheet (2) a researcher made questionnaire to measure aggression، adaptation strategies، social capital، religious orientation، relative deprivation and alienation variables (3) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (29 items version) and was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient، ANOVA and multiple regression using SPSS- PC (v. 18). The findings revealed that the respondents’ happiness was moderate (92 / 53). A significant direct correlation was found between social capital (r=0 / 457)، income (r=0 / 344)، and adaptation strategies (r=0 / 275) and happiness (p<0/005). There were also a significant indirect relationship between alienation (r=-0 / 484)، aggression (r= -0/399)، relative deprivation (r=-0 / 325)، and happiness (p<0 / 005). No significant relationship was found between religious orientation and happiness. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the variables of income، social capital and aggression have explained almost 49 percent (r 2 =0 / 49) of happiness variations (P < 0/00). Regarding the findings and considering the growing population of elderlies in this city it is suggested that appropriate approaches be applied to strengthening the positive factors and adjusting the negative factors related to the feelings of happiness in this population.

Role transition from nursing student to clinical nurse is a sensitive stage in the nurses’ professional life. Many factors affect role transition and could change its outcome. The present study was designed with the aim of exploring the factors affecting the process of transition from nursing student to clinical nurse using the experiences of both novice and experienced nurses. This study was conducted by grounded theory approach in educational hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data was generated by in-depth، semi-structured interviews. A total of 21 participants were recruited by purposeful and theoretical sampling. They included 17 new graduate nurses، two experienced nurses and two head nurses. According to grounded theory، data collection and analysis was performed simultaneously using constant comparative method. the study revealed that many factors affect the process of role transition from nursing student to clinical nurse. These factors were classified as micro and macro levels. Micro-level factors included pedagogic-educational support، characteristics related to head nurse and colleagues، newly graduate nurses’ characteristics، and work place atmosphere. The macro-level factors included the perspective of society to nursing، physicians’ rulership governing the medical centers، and nurses’ employment regulations. The findings of this study could create a new insight into thinking about factors effecting newly graduated nursing student’ role transition on the commencement of their work and also create a basis for professional decisions. Recognition of these factors could help in planning and direction of the process towards positive outcomes. The findings could also be considered as a guide for managers، educational instructions، authorities and all the beneficiaries in nursing، in order to facilitate this process for newly graduated nurses.

Moral distress could lead to psychological problems. The aim of this study was to determining the relationship between moral distress and mental health in female nurses. It was a descriptive cross- sectional study. The study population consisted of all female nurses working in hospitals of Tabriz city in 2014. A total of 180 nurses were recruited by stratified random sampling using Cochran formula. Data was collected by Moral distress Corley and the (GHQ) General Health Questionnaire and analyzed by Pearson correlation and regression analysis using SPSS-PC (v. 20). There was significant direct relationships between moral distress and GHQ subscales of، somatic symptoms، anxiety and sleep disorders، social dysfunction and depression (P=0. 001). The results of Regression analysis showed that moral distress could predict nurses’ mental health. Given that female nurses'' mental health is predictable by their moral distress، it seems that the results of this study could have important implications regarding the preventive interventions for nurses.

Metabolic syndrome is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Depression increases the risk of metabolic syndrome in the general population. The aim of this study was determining the association between depression and the metabolic syndrome in elderlies with cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 elderlies with cardiovascular disease hospitalized in Saqqez''s Imam Khomeini''s hospital in 2013 with convenience sampling. To evaluate depression، Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and to assess metabolic syndrome، ATP3 index were used. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics، independent T test and Chi square using PASW. The significant level for all the tests was 0. 05. The results showed that 61 percent of the patients have experienced the symptoms of depression and 46 percent of them had metabolic syndrome. The chance for metabolic syndrome in women was 2/4 times more than men (95% CI: 1/3-4/2، OR=2/4، p=0/003). There was no significant relationship between metabolic syndrome and depression (p=0/198). Among the components of metabolic syndrome; only systolic blood pressure was associated with depression (P=0/002)، so that the chance for high systolic blood pressure in depressed elderlies was 2. 5 time more than those without depression (95% CI: 1/4-4/5، OR=2/5، P=0/003). Given the high frequency of depression and metabolic syndrome in elderlies with cardiovascular disease، more attention should be paid on the simultaneous occurrence of these two problems.

Nurse manager s’ efficiency plays an important role in the achievement of health care organizations. This study was carried out with the aim of determining nurse managers’ performance in the domains of decision making، planning، direction and evaluation from nurses’ perspective in selected educational centers affiliated to Gonabaad University of Medical Sciences. It was a descriptive، cross-sectional study. A total of 200 nurses were recruited by census. Data was collected by a researcher made questionnaire to evaluate nurse managers’ performance in the four domains and analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential test of Chi square using SPSS-PC (v. 20). The results showed that a small percentage of nurse managers (%5/1) had a very good management performance، 31/9% had a good performance، %50 percent had a poor performance and 13% had a very poor management. The results also showed that nurse managers’ performance was poor in the areas of decision making and evaluation، and was good in the domains of planning and guidance from nurses’ perspective. Regarding the findings، empowerment of nurse managers in different levels to improve their performance is needed.