مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 63، تیر 1393)

Finding an effective way to improve body composition and muscular strength with resistance training، has engaged researchers. Previous studies have shown that proper nutrition is one of these ways. The purpose of this study is to review the effect of resistance training accompanied by nutritional education on the body composition and muscular strength in non-athlete male students. This study was a clinical trial، which was done on a population of 32 non-athletes college students which randomly divided into four groups، Education - Resistance training (RT)، Resistance training، Education and control. The instruments for data collection were a nutritional questionnaire، record of all the foods for three days and measurement of some of the anthropometric indices. This study lasted for 6- weeks with educational intervention and the resulting data analyzed by paired t-test، one-way analysis of variance and TUKEY multiple comparisons test. The results showed that subjects'' weight in Education- RT and resistance training groups has significant increase. Fat changes in three groups of Education- RT، Resistance training and Education showed a important decrease and BMI، maximum muscular strength and muscular hypertrophy in Education- RT and Resistance training groups showed a consequential increase (p<0. 05). This study showed that doing resistance training along with nutritional education brings about greater improvement in body composition and muscular strength.

Birth weight is the most important indicator of infant’s health and this critical index is directly related to mother''s health. Hence، knowledge of maternal diseases could be considered as an effective factor in maintaining infant ideal weight. Therefore، this study aimed to investigate the association between maternal diseases and birth weight. This descriptive study was conducted on Rafsanjan-Niknafs maternity in 2011-2012. The inclusion criteria were; being Iranian، live births، gestational age of 22 weeks and above and birth weight of >500 g. Data were collected by questionnaires and analyzed by statistical tests including; independent t-test، chi-square test، Fisher''s exact test، one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression. In given sample، 4193 mothers were healthy (83. 6%) and 825 mothers had underlying diseases (16. 4%). The average and standard deviation of age in healthy and sick mothers were 27. 37 ± 5. 14 and 29. 99 ± 5. 59 years old، respectively (p<0. 001). There was a significant difference between mother’s diseases and birth weight، as infant weight gain of healthy mothers was 89 (2. 2%)، of diabetics 25 (5. 8%)، of the hypertensive 10 (4. 4%)، and of mothers who had more than one disease 4 (5. 8%) (p<0. 001). Given the high prevalence of weight disorders in Rafsanjan and the impact of mother’s diseases on this important health index، it is necessary to identify and provide special control care for mothers during pregnancy.

Performance of resin composites depend on their polymerization rate. Minimum curing time to achieve desired polymerization rate is 40 seconds. P60 resin composite manufacturer has claimed reduced curing time as one of the advantages of this resin composite. Since increasing the lifetime of light curing unit and reducing the treatment period is important in pediatric dentistry، however the aim of this study was to compare the polymerization rate of P60 resin composite with 20 and 40 seconds intervals by Halogen and LED curing units. In this in vitro study، 40 disks from resin composite were provided with 5-mm diameter and 2-mm thickness. The samples were randomly divided into four groups each containing ten disks. The specimens of the first and second groups were cured for 20 and 40 seconds by Halogen units، respectively. Also، the third and fourth groups were cured by LED for 20 and 40 seconds، respectively. Polymerization rate was evaluated by spectroscopy device. Data were analyzed using two way ANOVA (α=0. 05). Two-way ANOVA test showed that regardless of the type of device، the polymerization rate was significantly higher at 40 seconds compared to 20 seconds. Also، the polymerization rate by Halogen units was meaningfully higher than the LED units. Nevertheless، in both units، the rate of polymerization was acceptable at 20 seconds duration. Considering the limitations of a laboratory study، it seems that regardless of the type of light curing unit، 20 seconds is enough to cure P60 resin composite.

Despite advantages of exercise، most students in various countries do not exercise adequately. Transtheoretical model has been identified as a comprehensive model for behavior change and self-efficacy is regarded as a fundamental structure of this model. Hence، in this study، physical exercise among paramedical students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences based on stages of changes model and the association with self-efficacy have been evaluated. In this cross-sectional study، 284 paramedical students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences participated. In order to gather information a questionnaire consisting of demographic data، exercise behavior and physical activity، exercise behavior level and self-efficacy was used. To examine the association between variables، Mann-Whitney U test، Kruskal-Wallis H Test and Spearman''s correlation coefficient (rs) were performed. On the whole، 81 males (28. 5%) and 203 females (71. 5%) with the mean age of 20. 23±2. 30 years participated. From 284 cases، 72 ones (25. 3%) were in precontemplation stage، 80 (28. 2%) in contemplation، 51 (18%) in preparation stage، 39 (13. 7%) in action stage، 15 (5. 3%) in maintenance stage، 20 (7. 0%) in advanced stage and 7 ones (2. 5%) were unknown. There were found significant association between self-efficacy and variables of stages of change (p<0. 001) and exercise behavior (p<0. 001). According to this study، self-efficacy plays an important role in exercise behavior. The association among student self-efficacy and the stages of exercise behavior change indicates an increase in student’s self-efficacy with progress of stage of behavior changes. These results suggest a mutual association between self-efficacy and physical activity.

Angiogenesis- formation of new blood vessels from former ones- is an essential process in development. Bee venom has been used to cure diverse ills for many years. In the present research the inhibitory effect of bee venom on angiogenesis has been investigated in a wistar rat aortic model. Rat''s aorta was cut into 1 mm pieces and cultured in collagen matrix. After observation of the first sprouting of angiogenesis، the samples were divided into control and experimental groups. Experimental groups were treated with bee venom in concentration 10، 20، 30، 40، 50، 60، 70 µg/ml. Angiogenesis was investigated and photographed by invert microscope. Numbers and lengths of vessels were measured by Image J software. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and ANOVA & TUKEY in significant level (p<0. 05). Lengths average and numbers of blood vessels in experimental groups at concentration of 10، 20، 30µg/ml in comparison to control group showed any significant changes (p>0. 05). length average and numbers of blood vessels in experimental groups with 40، 50، 60، 70 µg/ml concentration showed a significant decrease in comparison to control group)p<0. 05). The proper concentrations of BV inhibits angiogenesis. So it can be considered in studies of cancer and pathological conditions associated with angiogenesis.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases and causes testicular damage by rising oxidative stress. Using antioxidants reduces oxidative stress and the amount of testicular damage. In this study، the effect of garlic extract on markers of oxidative stress in diabetic rats testes has been studied. In this experimental study، 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control، Diabetic and Diabetic with garlic extract. Control and diabetic groups received distilled water (1ml/100g BW) and diabetic with garlic extract received garlic extract (1ml/100g BW،equivalent to 400 mg/100 g BW) for 6 weeks. Diabete was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dosage of 60 mg/kg BW. After 6 weeks، the right testis removed and activity of oxidative stress enzymes including malondialdehyde (MDA)، catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were studied. Treatment of diabetic rats with garlic extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels (p<0. 001). Also during diabete، the level of MDA enzymes activity was increased and the level of SOD and CAT enzymes activity decreased in the testes. Treatment with the garlic extract significantly improved these parameters (p<0. 001). The results of this study confirm the antioxidant role of garlic extract on improving the testicular damage caused by diabete.

Patients play a major role in controlling and treatment of hypertension. Therefore، to be aware of different aspects of this disease is very important for these patients. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Hygienic Belief Model (HBM) on the health education of patients with hypertension. This study was an educational trial. Two hundred hypertensive patients attending health centers in Bam city، were selected to participate in this study (100 in intervention group and 100 in control group). The educational intervention was conducted during three 60-minute sessions. Data were collected by a validity and reliability questionnaire containing (64 questions) before educational intervention and three months after it. Data was analysed by chi-square، Fisher''s exact، paired t-test and independent t-test. After intervention، knowledge scores increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0. 001). Perceived susceptibility، perceived severity، perceived benefits and barriers، cues in order to action، and self-efficacy significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control one (p<0. 001). But، there was no addition or significant difference in the control group. Also systolic and diastolic blood pressures significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the control one (p<0. 05). HBM was effective in educating hypertensive patients. Therefore، it is proposed to apply the HBM in training hypertensive patients as well as traditional training methods.

It has been used medicinal herbs for treatment of different abnormalities in traditional medication. One of these herbal medicine used in Iranian traditional medicine is Satureja that many biological studies conducted for determination of its pharmacological properties. Due to many reports around the effect of above-mentioned herb on gastrointestinal system، this present study was designed to find out the effects of Satureja essence on mechanical activity of the isolated rat’s ileum. In this study، by using an physiograph device، the spasmolytic property of Satureja essence with concentration of 25، 50، 100 & 200 ng/ml were recorded on ileum isotonic contraction induced by acetylcholine10-4 M. Our findings showed that Satureja essence with concentration of less than 100 ng/ ml has no effect on acetylcholine 10-4 M induced contraction in rat’s ileum but the higher concentration of essense reduced acetylcholine-induced contraction which is statistically significant p<0. 05. These effects as compared to positive control of carvacrol is not significant. Satureja essence significantly reduced acetylcholine (10-4 M) induced contraction therefore this essence may be useful for reduction of small intestine disorders.