مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال چهاردهم شماره 11 (پیاپی 82، بهمن 1394)

knowledge of the position of the mental foramen is important in administering local anesthesia for routine dental procedures and in performing surgery in the mandible. Because of this anatomical structures importance on one hand and the variations seen in its position in different ethnic groups on the other, this study was designed to evaluate its horizontal position of mental foramen in relation to mandibular premolars in panoramic radiographs in Rafsauyaucity In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the number of 152 patients referred to the private maxillofacial radiology center of Rafsanjan, who had the inclusion criteria and needed for dental panoramic radiographs, were examined. Horizontal position of mental foramen was evaluated in relation to mandibular first and second premolar and results were recorded in the attached checklist. Then, Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used for statistical analysis. Panoramic radiographs of 76 male and 76 female were assessed. The most frequent position for the mental foramen was between the first and second mandibular premolars with an approximate frequency of 44%. The current finding, consistent with the result of other studies, showed that patient's gender and age do not have any effect on the mental foramen position (p>0.05). In the present study it can concluded that the most frequent position for the mental foramen in Iranian race in Rafsanjan city is between the first and second mandibular premolars and then the apex of second mandibular premolar is the most frequent position.

Botulism syndrome is caused by one of the seven botulinum neurotoxins. The toxins binding domain have immunogenicity effect and can be used as a recombinant vaccine candidate against botulism disease. Due to the low immunogenicity of recombinant protein, the use of an appropriate vehicle for antigen delivery to target cells is inevitable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of chitosan nanoparticles as carriers for oral and injection administration of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type E (BoNT/E(binding domain recombinant protein. In this experimental study Chitosan nanoparticles containing BoNT/E binding domain recombinant protein were prepared by ionic gelation method and were administered orally and subcutaneously into 5 groups of mice. IgG anti-BoNT/E binding domain titers were assayed by ELISA. Finally all groups were challenged with active botulinum neurotoxin type E and data were analyzed by t-test.In all groups after each administration, the amount of IgG anti-BoNT/E increased. Chitosan nanoparticles did not show a significant increase in the production of IgG anti-BoNT/E binding domain (p>0.05). There was not a significant difference in IgG anti-BoNT/E titre of the mice immunized with nanoparticles containing antigens in the oral and intradermal route (p>0.05). The challenge with active neurotoxin botulinum type E showed that the mice immunized orally, can tolerate 500 folds LD50.The results of this study showed that the recombinant protein of BoNT/E is able to be absorbed through the digestive system and induce an effective immune response. The challenge of immunized mice with active botulinum neurotoxin type E created immune response in oral administration was effective but it was ineffective in injection administration.

Cancer is the most important cause of death worldwide. Natural products and derivatives of medicinal plants can play an important role to cure cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extracts of Pistacia Khinjuk leaf on Hela and MCF-7 cell lines. In this laboratory study, ethanolic extract of Pistacia Khinjuk leaves was prepared by using maceration method and its cytotoxic effect on Hela and MCF-7 cell lines was investigated. Hela and MCF-7 cell lines were treated with various concentrations of extract (0.156-10.0 mg/ml) for 72 hours and growth inhibition was assayed using MTT)Methy Thiazol Tetrazolium) test. The optical density of the coloured solution was quantified at 570 nm wavelengths by an ELISA Reader. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's post-test. The results showed that different concentrations of ethanolic extract significantly reduced the growth of Hela and MCF-7 cell lines compared to the control group after 72 hours (P< 0.05). The highest percentages of growth inhibition at concentration of 0.156 mg/ml were 81.33% and 76.76% and the IC50 values were 2.41 and 2.40 mg/ml for Hela and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. The findings of the present study showed that the ethanolic extract of Pistacia Khinjuk leaf possessed inhibitory effect on Hela and MCF-7 cell lines. In order to find the underlying mechanism of this activity, further research should be carried out.

One of the side effects of chemotherapy is infertility and the use of Nasturtium Officinalis causes the anticancer molecules to be increased. This study was conducted to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Nasturtium Officinalis on ovarian changes after toxicity by doxorubicin in rats. In this experimental study, thirty-six mature, female Wistar rats were randomized into six equal groups including groups, 1, 2, and 3 which received distilled water, 25 and 75 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extracts of Nasturtium officinale daily for 21 days, respectively. Group 4 received only one single injection of doxorubicin 10 mg/kg (IP) and groups 5 and 6 received doxorubicin and 25 and 75 mg/kg of the extracts daily for 21 days, respectively. The Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen, progesterone and ovarian histological changes and the ovaries weights were assessed at the end of the study. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test. The mean (mean ± SD) of FSH in the second and third groups were 0.21±0.05 and 0.23±0.01 respectively, that significantly increased compared to the fourth group 0.11±0.01 (p<0.05). The mean of primary follicle in the fifth and sixth groups were 4.32±1.31 and 5.41±1.43, respectively, that didnt show a significant increase compared to the fourth group 3.01±1.12, (p>0.05). The mean of graafian follicles in the fifth and sixth groups signifantly increased compared to the fourth group (p<0.05). The hydroalcoholic extract of Nasturtium Officinalis with antioxidant properties have efficacy on ovarian follicle to improve oogenesis following toxicity by doxorubicin in rats.

Noise pollution is one of the major environmental pollutants which threaten human health in many ways and it is very important to be concerned due to having psychiatric and physiological impacts on human. The aim of this study is to survey the level of noise pollution in different areas of Urmia city. This cross-sectional study was carried out in summer and autumn of 2013 in different parts of Urmia city. Noise measurement was done in the north, south, and central areas of the city, in the morning and evening and at night.Then data was analyzed using one-sample t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The current study indicated that the daily average noise level measured in the north, south and central parts of the city were 68.9±5.64, 71.95±4.24 and 74.27±5.89 dBA, respectively. The highest average level with 74.27±5.89 dB was recorded in Engelab Street. Also the lowest calculated average value with 68.45±7.27 dB was measured in Defa' moghadas squre. Significant differences were observed between the standard values and the average equivalent sound levels (p<0.05). In other words, the obtained average equivalent sound levels were higher than the standard. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the calculated average equivalent sound levels in the morning and at night (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.941, p<0.05). It can be concluded that Urmia is an environmentally noise polluted city. In most cases, the noise levels exceed the recommended levels by Iranian Environmental Protection Organization.

Every individual's health is the basic foundation for the community health, and public health is considered as one of the important indicators of development. Considering the fact that children's health is one of the key priorities in all countries and today social health is one of the important issues raised in addressing the issue of health. this study is designed to investigate the labour children's social health referring to NGO (Non-Govermental Organization) centers in support of children's rights in Tehran. In this descriptive cross-sectional study105 children between 13 to 18 years old referring to the promotion of quality of life centers of Iranian (Ilya),NaserKhosrow's house of children's support, Shoush house of children's support, Molavi's children support center, and the house of Elm in the city of Tehran in 2014 Were selected by census method. In order to evaluate social health, Kyes questionnaire and for demographic information a checklist was used. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and independent sample t-test. The results showed that social health of children with the mean of 54.44 ±10.86 was in an average level. The minimum and maximum scores obtained for social participation and social acceptance, respectivly. There was a significant relationship between the social health and the variables of nationality (p<0.001), educational status (p<0.001) and income (p=0.032),but there was no significant relationship between the social health and the variables of sex (p=0.104), accommodation (p=0.208) and age (p=0.230). the results of this study revealed that social health of labour children is not desirable. Therefore, the promotion of public health and Identification and elimination of factors affecting labour children requires a common effort between all levels of society such as individuals, communities and government.

The major mechanisms which contribute to the spread of shigellosis are antibiotic resistance and transmission from person to person. The main purpose of this study was determination of antibiotic susceptibilities and survey of the prevalence of integrons class I and II genes in Shigella species isolated from patients in Kerman hospitals In this cross-sectional study, 38 different Shigella species were collected from Kerman hospitals and were typed by serologically slide agglutination with specific antiesera. Antibiotic resistance patterns of shigella species were also evaluated by disk diffusion method. Detection of intI and intII genes was carried out by Polymerized Chain Reaction (PCR). Data analysis was done by Fisher,s exact test. In the current study 21 (55.2%) S.flexneri, 14 (36.8%) S.sonnei, 3(7.8%) S.boydii and no S.dysenteriae were detected by serologically slide agglutination and the majority of strains were resistant to ampicillin but were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Of all 38 Shigella isolates, 21 (55.2%) species were demonstrated intI gene but 32 (84.2%) species presented intII gene after performing PCR. According to high frequency of integrons and high resistance to antibiotics in shigella isolates, following health recommendations and prescribing correct antibiotics can prevent the extension of the diorrhetic disease resulted from shigella.