مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گرگان
سال شانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 52، زمستان 1393)

Herbal products consumption is increased worldwide. This study was done to compare the effect of Evening Primrose, Vitex agnus and vitamin E on premenstrual syndrome. In this clinical trials study, 210 women with premenstrual syndrome were randomly divided eqaly into Evening Primrose (500 mg, 3 times per day), Vitex agnus (40 mg/day) and vitamin E (400 Iu/day) groups. The subjects were received the thraputic regiment for 2 months. Severity of premenstrual syndrome was recorded for each subject using DSR Dickerson questinare, perior and at the end of intervention. After intervention, severity of premenstrual syndrome was reduced in Evening Primrose group (60.58±30.6 to 34.09±19.81), Vitex agnus (61.23±30.54 to 25.25±17.78) and the vitamin E group, (61.24±32.04 to 54.9±19.24). Severity of premenstrual syndrome were reduced in the Evening Primrose and Vitex agnus groups in compared to vitamin E group (P<0.05). Severity of premenstrual syndrome were reduced in Vitex agnus in comparision with Evening Primrose (P<0.05). Vitex agnus, Evening Primrose and vitamin E can reduce severity of premenstrual syndrome, but therapeutic effect of Vitex agnus is more than Evening Primrose and vitamin E.

Body psychotherapy technique (BPT) is a program teaches to deal more effectively with stressors. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of body psychotherapy technique on the stress and salivary cortisol level in high school girl students. In this randomized clinical trials study، thirty 15-18 years old female students were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. BPT group was given to the intervention group in nine sessions during two months. Cohen stress scale was used perior and the end of study to determine the scale of stress. Perior and at the end of study، salivary samples of subjects were collected directly after getting up in the early morning، 15، 30 and 45 minutes later on to measure salivary cortisol level. The mean of stress scale scores and salivary cortisol level in the intervention group significantly reduced in comparison with the controls (P<0. 05). Body psychotherapy technique reduces stress scale scores and salivary cortisol level in high school girl students in Gorgan، northern Iran.

Neural stem cells can difrentiate to mature neural cells. Neural stem cells can migrate and repair the damage neural tissue. This study was done to determine the effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Chamaemelum nobile on cell prolifration and apoptosis of rat hipocample neural stem cells in the oxitative stress condition. In this experimental study, neural stem cells were isolated from hippocampus of neonatal rat brain. Isolated neural stem cells were treated at 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 µg/ml of hydro-ethanolic extract of Chamaemelum nobile for 48h. Cells proliferation rate were evaluated by MTT assay. Anti-apoptotic property of hydro-ethanolic extract of Chamaemelum nobile evaluated using TUNEL assay method. Proliferation of neural stem cells were significantly increased in Chamaemelum nobile extract group in comparision with control (P<0.05). The rate of apoptotic cells were significantly reduced in Chamaemelum nobile extract group compared to control (P<0.05). The hydrethanolic extract of Chamaemelum nobile increases proliferation rate and reduces apoptosis of neural stem cells in the oxitative stress condition.

Anxiety and depression are experienced following addicted patients durg withdrawal. This study was done to determine the effect of methadone and valproate combination on morphine withdrawal-induced anxiety and depression in male mice. In this experimental study, ninety-eight male mice were allocated into acute and chronic categories. Animals in acute chronic categories allocated into seven groups including: saline, morphine, methadone (10 mg/kg/bw), valproate (150 mg/kg/bw), three groups of valproate+methadone, in of ratio 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2. Animals were received escalating dose of morphine for 8 consecutive days except saline group. In chronic group, drugs were injected for 30 minutes before morphine administration, while in acute group; the drugs were used only at day 8. Anxiety and depression due to naloxone injection (5 mg/kg/bw) was investigated by elevated plus-maze, tail-suspension and open field tests. In the chronic group, valproate + methadone (2:1) combination therapy showed a significant increase in the percentage of open arm entries (53.86±1.9) and percentage of time spent in the open arm (58.58±4.15) compared to the morphine group, with a percentage of entering (28.12±2.03) and percentage of time (17.88±1.77) (P<0.05). In open field test, the ratio of the number to the duration of time spent in the central square, in the combination therapy groups of methadone+valproate (27±2), valproate+methadone (1:2) and valproate+methadone (2:1) were significantly increased in compare to the morphine group (P<0.05). In tail-suspension test, duration of immobility as an indicator of depression, in the treatment group of valproate+methadone (2:1) was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Valproate and methadone combination therapy particularly in ratio of 2:1 can reduce morphine withdrawal-induced anxiety and depression in animal model.

Anxiety is a common psychological disorder. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcholic extract of Pimpinella anisum seed on anxiety in male rat. In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats, randomly allocated into six groups including: negative control group (no injection), positive control (saline) and experimental groups (receiving doses 100, 200, 250, 300 mg/kg/bw of hydro-alcholic extract of Pimpinella anisum seed, intraperitoneally). Indices of anxiety including time spent in open arms and number of open arm entries were evaluated using elevated plus maze, 30 minutes after injection. At doses of 250 and 300 mg/kg/bw of hydro-alcholic extract of Pimpinella anisum seed, the time spent in open arms of maze were significantly increased and the time spent in maze close arms were decreased in compared to controls (P<0.05). At dose of 300 mg/kg/bw of Pimpinella anisum seed extract, number of open arm entries increased in compared to control group (P<0.05). None of the doses showed any significant effect on locomotor activites. Hydro-alcholic extract of Pimpinella anisum seed with dosage of 250 and 300 mg/kg/bw reduces anxiety in male rats.

Diabetes mellitus is common endocrine disease cause learning and memory impairment. This study was done to evaluate the effect of quercetin on learning and memory in STZ-induced diabetic rats was investigated. In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups: control, quercetin - treated control, diabetic and quercetin - treated diabetic (10 and 20 mg/kg/bw, intraperitoneally) for 14 days. Induction of diabetes was performed using 60 mg/kg/bw of streptozotosin, interapritonally. Passive avoidance and Y-maze tests were used for the evaluation of learning and memory. In passive avoidance learning, there was no significant difference in initial latency between diabetic and treated - diabetic groups. The mean of step latency in control group (383.57±19.26) significantly reduced to 128.86±10.38 in diabetic group (P<0.05). The mean of step latency in the treated diabetic group significantly increased in compare to the diabetic group (P<0.05). Step latency in quercetin - treated diabetic (10 mg/kg/bw) and (20 mg/kg/bw) groups increased to 316.67±23.76 and 397.50±31.21, respectively. The alternative percentage in diabetic group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05), but in quercetin -treated diabetic groups it was higher than the diabetic group (P<0.05). Administration of quercetin for 14 days enhances the capability of the memory storage, recall and improves short-term spatial memory in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

The shoulder joint is continuously under various pressures. Shoulder impingement syndrome is the most common problem. Stability of the shoulder is due to the interaction between static and dynamic stability which is caused through mediation of sensorimotor system (proprioception). This study was investigated to determine the effect of 6 weeks resistance training with elastic-band on proprioception in male athletes with shoulder impingement syndrome. In this quasi-experimental study, 30 adult males with shoulder syndrome divided into control and interventional groups. Subjects in interventional group were received resistance exercises with elastic-band for six weeks. The shoulder joint proprioception, perior and at the end of study in 0, 45 and 90 angle were measured using isokinetic, Biodex System 3. Significant improvement in the shoulder joint proprioception in 0, 45 and 90 angle were observed in interventional group in comparision with controls (P<0.05). Six weeks of resistance training with elastic-band improved shoulder joint proprioception of males with impingement syndrome.

Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent cause of death among hemodialysis patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction are potent predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Cardiac troponin T and I are the indices of myocardial cell damage. This study was done to determine the relationship between serum cardiac troponin T and I with left ventricular hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction in hemodialysis patients. In this case-control study, 56 hemodialysis patients were divided into two groups according to echocardiographic findings. The first group included 35 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy as case group and 21 patients without left ventricular hypertrophy as controls. Serum level of cardiac troponin T and I were measured using electro chemiluminscence immune assay. Serum level of cardiac troponin T and I was significantly higher in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (0.99±0.12 ng/ml and 0.17±0.09 ng/ml, respectively) in comparison with controls (0.37±0.05 ng/ml and 0.13±0.09 ng/ml, respectively) (P<0.05). There was no correlation between serum cardiac troponin T and I level with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Cardiac troponin I and T do not have any value for the diagnosis of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in hemodialysis patients.

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. 20-50% of ADHD affacted children have sleep disorders which can cause cognitive and behavioral disorders. This study was done to determine the sleep problems in children with ADHD. In this case control study, 52 children with ADHD was considered as cases and 52 school age children without ADHD as a control group in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2013. Sleep habits (CSHQ) and DSM-IV questionnaires were filled for each child. Sleep problems were observed in 45 (86.5%) and 36 (69.2%) of children in case and control group, respectively (P<0.05). The mean score of sleep problems in case and control group was 48.25±6.61 and 45.87±6.23, respectively (P<0.05). The score of resistance to sleep, anxious habits of sleep and waking during night in cases were more than controls (P<0.05). Sleep problems in children with ADHD are more frequent than children without ADHD.

Study Type: Case - Control Study | Subject: Gynecology | Received: 2014/08/9 - Accepted: 2014/08/9 - Published: 2014/08/9 Article abstract: Thrombophilia is characterized by increasing blood coagulability. It causes preeclampsia and repeated abortions. This study was done to determine the corrolation of coagulation factors deficiency with preeclampsia. This case-control study was carried out on 142 pregnant women with preeclampsia as caess and 142 pregnant women without preeclampsia as controls. Coagulation factors including Prs, prc, and anti-thrombin-3 were measured using ELISA and chromogenic methods. Prs deficiency was found in 2 (1.4%) and 6 (4.2%) of cases and controls, respectively. This difference was not significant. Prc and anti-thrombin- 3 deficiencies was not found in cases and controls. There is not any relation between deficiencies of coagulation factors with preeclampsia.

Chrysin is a natural and active biological component which is extracted from plants, honey and propolis. Chrysin has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant propertis. This study was done to evaluate the effect of chrysin on AGS human gastric cancer cell line. In this descriptive - analytic study, chrysin was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the cytotoxic effects of concentrations of 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 100 µM/ml of chrysin on AGS cells was evaluated. Viability of the cells was determined with MTT assay after 24, 48 and 72 hours and compared to controls. Chrysin inhibited the growth and proliferation of human gastric cancer AGS cell line. The antiproliferative effect of chrysin was dose and time dependent. The IC50 values were determined for 60, 30 and 20 µM, in incubation time of 24, 48 and 72 hour, respectively (P<0.05). Chrysin proved to have antiproliferative activity on human gastric cancer cells in culture medium.

Kawasaki disease is the common acquired heart disease in children. Kawasaki disease is a vasculitis that predominantly affects the medium-sized arteries, with a striking predilection for the coronary arteries. This study was done to determine the relationship between coronary aneurysm formation and neutrophylia, in childern with Kawasaki disease. This descriptive – analytic study was done on 80 children (45 Males, 35 Females) with typic and atypical Kawasaki disease in Afzalipoor hospital, Kerman, Iran during 2011-13. According to transthoracic echocardiography, patients were divided into childern with and without coronary aneurysm. CBC count, ESR and Peripheral blood smear was performed for each subject. White blood cells, neutrophils, platlets and ESR in childern with coronary aneurysm, was non- significantly more than without aneurysm. Duration of fever in chidern without aneurysm was non-significantly more than childern with coronary aneurysm. Neutrophils counting by itself is not sufficient critria for the prediction of the aneurysm risk in kawazaki disease.

Helicobacter pylori is the main gastric pathogen in human. BabA2 and Hsp genotypes are essential for enormous clinical outcomes in gastreodeoneal and dyspepsia. This study was done to determine the assessment of babA2 and hsp genotype frequency in Helicobacter pylori specimens isolated from digestive disorders patients. This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 80 digestive disorders patients in 5th hospital, Gorgan, northern Iran. Stomach specimen biopsy was taken by a gastroenterologist. Urease test, histopathologic assessment and DNA extraction were performed. The frequency of babA2 and hsp geno-types was determined using poly merase chain reaction. In 80 affected patients with H.pylori, 36, 18 and 26 patients were found to suffer from gastritis, stomach cancer and stomach ulcer, respectively. 51 specimens (63%) were positive babA2 genotype. 49 specimens (61%) were positive hsp genotype. No significant relationship was found between babA2 and hsp geno types with stomach diseases. In spite of positive babA2 and hsp genotype in isolated Helicobacter pylori speicments from digestive disorders patients, this finding was not correlated with type of digestive disorders.

The acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease with an accumulation of the abnormal and undifferentiated blastic myeloid cell in the bone marrow, leading to abnormal hematopoiesis. This study was done to determine the NPM1 and FLT3-(ITD) mutations and laboratory findings in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 40 (24 males, 16 females) patients with newly acute myeloid leukemia in Northwest of Iran. The mutation of NPM1 and FLT3-ITD were evaluated using PCR method in 25 patients. In all patients, the flowcytometry findings in the bone marrow, leucocytosis and the LDH levels were evaluated prior to the chemotherapy. The mutation of FLT3-ITD and NPM1 genes was detected in 15 (60%) and 9 (36%) of patients, respectively. FLT3-NPM1+ mutation was seen in 4 (16%) patients. Leukocytosis, LDH level and AML in different classes did no show any significant difference between FLT3-NPM1+ and other gene mutations. The mutation of FLT3-ITD gene was nearly twice than NPM1 in acute myeloid leukemia.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important cause of death worldwide. The main reason for the increasing global burden of TB are severe poverty and class distinctions between rich and poor population groups in various communities. This study was performed to determine the relationship between socio-economic factors and TB using negative binomial and Poisson regression models. This descriptive - analytic study was conducted on 11320 TB affected patients in Iran during 2010. Data was gathered from the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The relationship between the numbers of cases with socio-economic indicators was determined using negative binomial and Poisson models. Fitting models were compared using AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) and BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion). The Poisson regression model showed a significant relationship between the TB mortality rate and socio-economic factors (P<0.05). Negative binomial regression model showed a significant relationship between TB and unemployment, illiterate, immigration and urban residency (P<0.05). Negative binomial regression model showed no relationship between TB and family size, physicians’ ratio to the number of population centers and annual average income. There is a significant impact of socio-economic factors with the number of TB cases. Negative binomial regression model is suitable for accountable data in comparision with Poisson regression model.

The incidence rate of elderly misbehavior increased in the past two decades. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of elderly misbehavior in northern Iran. This descriptive - analytic study was done on 247 more than 60 years old (137 males, 110 females) in north of Iran during 2012. In order to determine misbehavior, an elderly questionnaire was filled for each subject. The mean age of subjects was 68.8±7.08 years. The prevalence of lack of attention, care, financial, authentic was 34.8%, 33.6%, 29.1% and 22.3%, respectively. The prevalence of psychological, physical, isolation and financial misbehavior were 26.7%, 26.7%, 2.6% and 21.9%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between income and marital status with misbehavior maner (P<0.05). Elderly misbehavior particularly lack of attention and care are more perevlant in northern Iran.

Drug resistance to tuberculosis and especially multiple drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) variants are a serious problem in tuberculosis patients and make difficulties in controlling the disease. This study was coducted for detection of common mutations causing drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains among tuberculosis patients using line probe assay method. In this descriptive study, fifty four sputum samples of tuberculosis patients were randomly selected in health centers of Mazandaran, northern Iran during 2012. After culturing of sputum samples on Lowenstein–Jensen medium, genomic DNA was extracted from colonies using CTAB method. Molecular analysis of mutations causing resistance to five different antibiotics including Isiniazide, Rifampin, Sterptomycine, Amicasin / Canamycine, Kinolon were performed using long probe assay (LPA) method. Out of 54 sputum samples, three (5.5%), three (5.5%), four (7.4%) were resistance to Kinolon, Amicasin / Canamycine and Sterptomycine, respectively. Mutation in KATG was seen in 2 samples resistant to Isiniazide. Mutation in rpoB 516 was seen in 3 samples resistant to Rifampin. Four samples (7.4%) were resistant to the two anti-tuberculosis antibiotics, while three samples were resistant to Sterptomycine and Kinolon and one sample was resistant to Rifampin and Canamycine. 7.4% of sputum samples were resistant to the two anti- tuberculosis antibiotics. Line probe assay is a rapid and suitable method for detecting tuberculosis drug resistance.

The kidney has a key role in homeostatic regulation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential regulator of stimulatory and inhibitory processes for neonatal, post-natal endothelial cell differentiation. This study was done to determine the effect of maternal swimming during pregnancy on VEGF level of kidney in rat pups. In this experimental study, sixteen Wistar rat dams were allocated into interventional swimming and control groups. In the first day of pregnancy, in interventional group, swimming was performed for 30 minutes a day and 5 minutes every day was added until the time of training gradually reached to one hour per workout. Dams swimming endurance training were performed in 5 days per week for three weeks. Pups’ kidneys were removed two days after birth and kindney tissue VEGF level was determined using ELISA method. Kidney tissue VEGF level in interventional swimming group (133.13 pg/ml) was significantly increased in compared to controls (48.19 pg/ml) (P<0.05). Swimming endurance training increases the pups’ kidney VEGF level.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released from pituitary gland in response to stimulation of plasma osmolalrity. ADH affects on the kidney and regulates the water and electrolytes. This study was done to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of red grape seed on antidiuretic hormone secretion in male rats. In this experimental study, 30 adult male Wister rats were allocated into 5 groups. Animals in control group were received 1 mL of water, orally. Animals in positive control group were received 12mg/kg/bw of Furosemide, intraperitonally. In experimental groups, one hour after injection of 12mg/kg/bw of Furosemide, animals were received the red grape seed hydro-alcoholic extract, orally, in doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/bw for 4 days, respectively. Serum level of ADH was measeared using ELISA method. Serum level of ADH in groups of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/bw doses of grape seed extract were (21±2.5, 19±1.24 and 14±2 pmol/L, respectively) which was significantly less than control group (40.5±3 pmol/L) (P<0.05). The oral consumption of hydro-alcoholoc extract of red grape seed reduces the antidiuretic hormone secretion in male rats.

Anti tuberculosis drugs therapy is the most effective method for controling the tuberculosis (TB). Early detection and appropriate treatment can prevent the TB-drug resistance. This study was carried out to determine the complications leading to hospitalization due to consumption of anti-TB drugs in patients with tuberculosis. In this descriptive-analytic study, 1550 records of patients with TB in urban and rural health centers of Gorgan, north of Iran were assessed during 2007-12. Checklist consists of demographic and clinical data for each patient was recorded in a questionare. 44 cases experienced the complications of anti-TB drugs. 27 (61.4%) of cases with complications were women. 77.3% and 22.7% of patients affected with pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis,respectively. 38.6% of patients were diabetic. The hepatic complication was seen in 37 cases (84.1%). Skin and other complications were seen in 5 and 2 cases, respectively. There was not any relationship between drug complications and other disases. Hepatic damage is the most common complication leading to hospitalization in tuberculosis patients using anti-TB drugs.

Nosocomial fungal infections have considerably increased due to incrasing of immunocompromised diseases. This study was done to evaluate the antifungal activity of Amphotericin B and Fluconazole on hospital wards fungi. In this descriptive - analytic study, 33 fungal samples isolated from Imam Khomini hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2013. Samples were identified using slide culture method. Serial dilution of drugs and fungal suspensions were supplied from 0.25-128 µg/ml and range 0.5–5×105 cfu/ml, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in accordance with NCCLS M38-p guideline. The most frequent isolated fungus was Aspergillus spp. with 39.4% while the low frequent were Alternaria Spp. and Circinella with similar frequency (3%). MIC range for Fluconazole and Amphotericin B were 64-128 µg/ml and 16-64 µg/ml, respectively. Amphotericin B showed a MIC significant reduction in comparision with Fluconazole (P<0.05). Hospital wards fungi were resistant to Amphotericin B and Fluconazole.

Rotaviruses are the members of the Reoviridae family containing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome which are the main cause of gastroinentritis particularly in children less than three years. This study was designed to evaluate the detection of rotavirus genome by new silver staining method using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). In this descriptive study, the samples were collected from infected MA-104 cell culture and the RNA electrophoresis was performed in 10% polyacrylamide slab gels after RNA extraction. According to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sensitive staining analysis, rotavirus RNA segments were divided into 4 groups and single-nucleotides differences were clearly detected rapidly. New silver staining method using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has the capacity to detect the rotavirus electeropherotype within a few minutes even in small DNA/RNA pieces up to 7 picograms.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen responsible for health-care-related infections. This study was done to determine the prevalence of Meticilin - resistant Staphylococcus isolated from hand and nasal of hospital health worker. This descriptive study was conducted on 148 health workers in teaching hospitals in Sari, northern Iran during 2011-12. Samples were collected from fingers and noses and were cultured on mannitol salt agar immediately. Suspected colonies were identified using Gram staining, catalase and coagulase tests. Susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Methicillin resistant strains were determined using micro dilution broth method. Staphylococcus aureus was observed in 24 (16.2%) of individuals. 9.5% of population was resistant to Methicillin. The high portions of Staphylococcus aureus carreier were in the operation room, angiography and internal pediatric ward health worker. Methicillin Staphylococcus aureus resistanat were more common in nasal samples of the operation room personal and angiography ward health worker. All strains were sensitive to Vancomycin and Chloramphenicol and resistant to Penicillin and Amoxicillin. In this study the prevalence of the Staphylococcus.aureus in teaching hospitals health worker was low while Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin was higher than other reports in Iran.