نشریه اندیشه های نوین تربیتی
سال نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 30، زمستان 1392)

The aim of this study was the investigation of the relationship between punishment and motivational policies in performance evaluation and turnover among employees of the office of education in Isfahan، considering the mediating role of job satisfaction. The sample of the study including 308 employees was selected using simple random sampling. The instruments used to collect the data were Performance Evaluation Policies Questionnaire (PEPQ، with two subscales including motivational policies and punishment policies in performance evaluation)، Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSQ) and Turnover Questionnaire (TQ). The results revealed that motivational policies in performance evaluation have positive significant relationship with job satisfaction and negative relationship with turnover. The findings، furthermore، showed a positive significant relationship between punishment policies in performance evaluation and staff turnover. The results of structural equation modeling showed that punishment and motivational policies have significant direct effect on job satisfaction (-0. 11&0. 25 respectively) and turnover (0. 41 & -0. 27 respectively). Finally،there was an indirect effect of motivational policies in performance evaluation on turnover through job satisfaction.

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of secure-base leadership components on the staff psychological safety taking into consideration the role of leadership effectiveness. The sample included in this descriptive-correlational study was 272 people who were selected through stratified random sampling. Three questionnaires namely، ''Secure-Base Leadership'' (Coombe، 2011)، ''Psychological Safety'' (Edmonson، 1999)، and ''Leadership Effectiveness'' (researcher-made) were used to collect the data. The validity of the questionnaires was assessed and confirmed by 5 university professors in the field of educational administration، and their reliability was calculated using Cronbach''s Alpha. The reliability of the questionnaires wasestimated at 0. 91، 0. 80، and 0. 93، respectively. The data was analyzed using descriptive (frequency distribution، mean، standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson correlation coefficient، multi-variance regression، simple regression، and path analysis) methods of data analysis. The results of the study showed significant positive relationship between secure-base leadership components، leadership effectiveness and psychological safety. Furthermore، it was revealed thatsecure-base leadership considering the role of leadership effectiveness، had a significant effect on psychological safety. So، the conceptual framework of this studywas practically confirmed. Generally the findings showed that leadership effectiveness plays a mediating role in improving the relationship between secure-base leadership component and psychological safety.

Merrill، in his criticisms of the lecturing methods of teaching، stated that the sole transfer of information is not learning and teaching. However، teaching and learning are based on principles which form the basis of education. These principles called ''Merrill’s First Principles of Instruction'' are problem-centered، activation، demonstra tion، application and integration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of instruction based on Merrill’s first principles of instruction inimproving learning and retention of biology course in the first grade high school students. The method of the research was quasi-experimental with pretest – posttest control group. It was hypothesized that the instruction designed based on Merrill’s first principles of instruction is effective on learning and retention of biology. ANCOVA was conducted to analyze the data and the results revealed a significant difference between the learning and retention ofbiology in the experimental and control group. The experimental group had better learning. The findings also showed that the experimental group was better than the control group in the retention test. It is، therefore، suggested that using Merrill''s first principles of instruction the students'' learning and retention can be improved.

This study aimed at investigating creativity as an effective personality characteristic in entrepreneurial capabilities of university students and comparing this characteristic between junior students and senior ones. The sample of the study included 394 individuals who were selected through random sampling and based on Krejcie and Morgan table. The data was collected using an instrument which was administered to the students in the first semester and the last semester of their university course. The data was then analyzed using T-test and the results showed that there was a significant difference between these two groups in terms of the main components of creativity naming fluid thinking،pragmatism and imagination. The mean score of creativity in juniors (69. 6954) was higher than senior students (67. 6294). Therefore، due to the importance of entrepreneurship and its role in the development of societies، it is suggested that proper plans be made to improve this characteristic in the students.

The present study aimed at evaluating physical education courses based on Klein`s theory from the perspective of physical education teachers and girl students in Tehran. The instrument used in this descriptive survey was a closed questionnaire. The teachers'' and students'' questionnaires، respectively، consisted of 57 and 46 questions under 9 components of element، objectives، content، teaching-learning strategies، grouping، learning activities، teaching material and resources، educational setting، training time and evaluation. The items of the questionnaires were rated on a 5 point Likert scale from very high to none. The validity of the instruments was confirmed by experts in the field of physical education and program evaluation. The reliability of the teachers'' questionnaires and the students'' questionnaires was assessed usingCronach Alpha coefficient and was estimated at0. 98 and 0. 95، respectively. The sample of the study included 25 physical education teachers and 764 students who were selected through multi-stage cluster random sampling. The results of the study showed that the teachers evaluated physical education courses as highly desirablehowever the students agreed that physical education courses in high schools are of low desirability.

This study aimed at investigating university students'' perceptions and expectations of educational service quality and its relationship with the evaluation of faculty members'' performance. The study was a descriptive survey and the data analysis was conducted based on structural equation modeling. The sample included 273 M. A students studying in Urmiauniversity who were selected through cluster random sampling. The data wascollected using two questionnaires: service quality questionnaire and evaluation of faculty members questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and paired sample T- test were conductedusing SPSSand LISREL software. The results revealed that: 1) the present condition of educational service quality components including tangibles، reliability، assurance، responsiveness and empathy are far from expected، 2) there was a positive significant relationship between educational service quality components and factors of faculty members evaluation (i. e. teaching method،educational discipline and faculty members personal and social characteristic)، 3)goodness of fit index showed that the tested model has a good level of fit index. Therefore، taking into consideration the service quality components could have an influencing role on the effective evaluation of faculty members by students. Thus، we can suggest that the students'' feedback of the result of faculty members'' evaluationcan improve their teaching performance.

The aim of thisstudy was the investigation of the influence ofcareer counseling based onsocial learning theory of Krumboltz on increasingthesatisfactionof the teachers from their supervisors and colleagues. The sample included36 secondary school female teachers selected randomly who were randomly assigned to experimental and controlgroups. The research design was quasi-experimentalwithpre-test، post-test and control group. Data was collected using a questionnairedescribing components of jobsatisfaction (job description Index(JDI)). The findings of the study revealed that career counseling based onKrumboltzsocial learningtheorysignificantly (α=0. 05) increasesthe satisfaction of teachers in the experimental group from thesupervisor andcolleagues compared with that of the teachers in control groupandthis increase was existing in a followup test onemonth later.