نشریه اندیشه های نوین تربیتی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 40، تابستان 1395)

The purpose of this study is to examine structural relationship among perfectionism , self efficacy , goal orientation , and interest in field of study to academic procrastination. The population of this study is all undergraguate students in the first semester of 2013-14 academic year. total population was 12721 people. The sample consists of 272 students including 159 girl and 77 boy from three colleges of the University of Tehran namely Engineering college, Science college and Humanities college. They were selected using the proportional stratified sampling method. The study method was correlation ( structural equation modelling). The selected students repsonded to Academic Procrastination Assessment Scale developed by Solomon and Routhblum (1984), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale developed by Frost et al. (1990), Self efficacy Scale developed by Sherer (1982), Goal Orientation Scale developted by Elliot & McGregor (2001), Interest in Field of Study Questionnaire developted by Hedayati et al. ( 2012). The results indicated that self efficacy (-0.28) , mastery-approach goal orientation (-0.25) ,had negative directive and undirective relation to academic procrastination. interest in field of study (-0.17) and organization (-0.15) negatively had relation to academic procrastination and mediated among self efficacy / goal orientation and academic procrastination. Doubt in works (-0.22) positively and directively was related to academic procrastination. In addition, self efficacy showed the most significant influence on academic procrastination. These results can help to counsellore and educator in intervening and overcoming to the academic procrastination that, its outcome will be the decrease of academic procrastination and increase academic achievement.

In this article we studied the graffiti of schools. By content analysis we tried to understand the thoughts and values of both genders. The method of this research was content analysis. A boy’s school and a girl’s school were chosen by probability sampling. In next step, we took notes of the inscriptions and paintings of the desks. Finally, we categorized them based on their content and meaning and compared them based on gender. Four categories were the same in both schools: categories with the words and paintings related to opposite sex, insulting words, remembrance, and the names of the desk owners. In addition to these categories the categories of sport, computer, social and religious, secret words, and the names of cities existed in a boy’s school. The quantity of the written things was different in the schools. In boys school vandalism was more and in girls school paintings were more.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of homework in academic performance of students of teachers.
The method of research is descriptive-survey. The statiscal society consistes of all primary school teachers, who are now teaching in the 92-93 Academic year.
Sample and sampling method based on the statiscal society size (1300 teachers) according to Morgan and Kerjes (1970) table, the number of 360 primary school teachers (each base 60 people) were selected by simple random sampling method.
The tool for data collection, is a questionnaire from closed response type.
The results of the analysis of the data shows that the majority of teachers believe that homework affects highly on dimensions of cognitive, skill and emotional of academic performance of primary school students.

Wisdom is the ability to think and act using knowledge, experience, understanding, common sense, and insight. It is assumed that there is a relationship between informational identity style and Components of wisdom. But, this relationship is little known. So, the present study attempted to examine the relationship between components of wisdom and identity styles. The population of this research consisted of female students who have study in 4th high school (2599 people). Sample of the study were 360 students who selected through random cluster sampling.
First of all, the Berzonsky of identity styles Inventory (1989) and Ardelt of three-dimensional of wisdom scale (2003) were administered to the subjects. The research method was descriptive and correlational. Canonical correlation was used to analyze the data. The analysis of data discovered two significant set of relationship between dimension of wisdom and identity styles. In first set, three-dimensional of wisdom had significant positive correlation with informational and commitment identity style, and a significant negative correlation with Diffuse–avoidant identity style. Dimension of wisdom could have predicted and explained 4% of changes of identity styles. In second set, affective and cognitive dimensions of wisdom had significant correlation with Informational, normative and commitment identity style. Dimension of wisdom and identity styles could have predicted and explained 2% of changes each other.

Creation and management of the debate, exchanging ideas, dialogue and listening to other voices are among the managers challenges in the workplace. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing organizational silence which its purpose was practical and the data was collected in a mixed (quantitative - qualitative) way. In quantitative section Respondents were 332 cases who were selected by categorized sampling and in qualitative section 8 cases were selected by purposeful sampling from among employees of universities affiliated to ministry of science, research and technology. Silence climate questionnaire of Vakola and Bouradas (2005), Researcher-made questionnaire of silence behavior and semi-structured interview were used as the research tools. Questionnaires validity was reviewed and approved by academic experts. Questionnaires reliability was calculated as 0.89, 0.88 using Cronbachs alpha. Questionnaires data analysis was performed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistical procedures and for the analysis of interview content analysis method was used. Quantitative findings showed that the status of silence climate and behavior and all factors except for self -protection were unfavorable. Qualitative findings showed the factors affecting the status. Therefore the findings suggested that planning for reducing silence climate and behavior is necessary

Viewpoint to human affairs, and also look at the range and scope of this, Creates an on Ideology for humans. And Of Course the interplay of individual viewpoint He also looked. Areas of human thought that involves different types of spirituality and spiritual intelligence is one of those areas, of Tool life the min, I recall three key characteristics of a philosophical mind, ccomprehensiveness, penetration and flexibility is the existence of philosophical thought In the expression of thought and its manifestation in the individual Decoding the logic of his life and his ,Spiritual intelligence and understanding, which includes two sub-scales associated with the existence and source of spiritual life, Meaningful, relevant, and is able to value and nurture the imagination of man can change his life to ,A person with high intelligence, intellectual flexibility, self-awareness, capacity for facing the difficulties and hardships that go beyond, Capacity for inspiration and intuition, holistic approach to the universe, in search of answers to fundamental questions of life, traditions and customs is a critical component of this mentality with the philosophical overlap, In a descriptive study-correlation between subjective philosophical and spiritual intelligence within the Shahid Chamran University graduate student has been examined. Results showed that the absence of any meaningful relationship between the flexibility and understanding the world, among other sub-scales of the two main variables, there was a significant positive relationship

The article studied the evaluation of rational solutions instead of the militant ones (force, violence and aggression and without empathy ), or deceptive (manipulation , enchantment, dogmatic belief) describes the process historical and genetic trend, structural and functional reason. As well as the article draw certain prescribed essential topic of relevant conditions. . The first claim of this article as the enlightenment and description of concepts of thoughtful expression of differentiation, the relationship (social reality of relationships and mutual criticism)was developed. Realization of the relationship between culture, ethics, education and socialization approach in rationality through “thoughtful learning and action engagement" is held. Here the first approach or "reflective learning" living symbol of the dynamism of coordination between actions and patterns of thinking .feeling and action schemas to be studied. The second approach, learning behaviorist approach, based on the condition of external discipline, order and control through intimidation manipulation, and enchantment, dogmatic beliefs about morals and social order are considered. The differentiation of two approaches does not confuse moral education and socialization. In the absence of a rational course, the education is prevailed over by titles such as lobbying and managerial necessity , successfulness, order, discipline and compromise . These titles are authenticated mendaciously, but neutralize and break down the real mission of education .Real education frees the neck of reason from the chain of ignorance

The aim of the present study is designing Instructional Design based on virtual social networks and then investigate it’s effect in Learner's knowledge Production.This reseach is A quasi-experimental design post-test with single group. After studying and designing
Instructional design, 31 students for a semester were trained using this method. The Content produced by students in The social network is investigated by William Rummy’s method of content analysis technique. The results showed that learners were actively involved in the production of knowledge (Involvement coefficient=0/97). The results of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that this difference was statistically significant (P> 0.05).Finally The results of this study indicate that use of social networking in education, enables learners to take responsibility for their own learning And engage in the production of knowledge, thought and knowledge dissemination.The results showed that learners were actively involved in the production of knowledge

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was the assessment of the existing damages in the interactions of married with their parents after marriage. The present study is divided into two parts. Method in initial part was qualitative research, in which theoretical texts and researches were investigated. Then, one purposive sample (including 36 individuals) selected for semi-structured interview and most significant interactional damages between married and their parents explored. Then, information from interviews and books and scientific articles was combined to produce a questionnaire for assessment the interactional damages. In second part of this study that was a cross-sectional and descriptive research, mentioned questionnaire completed by 135 individuals (including 78 women and 57 men). Data were analyzed by frequency, mean, standard deviation, and t test. Results of The study showed that the most important damages according to qualitative viewpoint are dependency, inappropriate expectations, disregarding, interference and negative behaviors. in an quantitative section of study results showed that emotional dependency, aberrant parental expectations, parental disregarding, and parental interference with the highest averages are most important damages. In addition, results showed that there are no significant deference between men and women. The results of this study are applicable in developing the theoretical texts in the fields of psychopathology; and Marriage and Family Counseling.

The behavior of parents with children will play an important role in shaping children's behavioral system. Mother-child relationship, such as ostracism, excessive control, over protection, modeling anxiety and irrational beliefs of parents in childhood anxiety disorders has a significant role.
This research is correlational and aimed to Prediction of quality of interaction between mother - child with anxiety disorders in children According to Iranian mother’s cultural characteristics was designed for. The sample consisted of 200 girls and 200 boys 11 to 12 years old in sari and 400 mothers who had a multi-stage random sampling method and the schools were sellected of two sites 1 and 2.To evaluate the relationship between mother and child from the mother's assessment - children with anxiety disorders in children, Robert Roth and a questionnaire Birmaher (with parent and child forms) were used.Using multiple regression.
The results showed a variety of styles to engage parents about 9% of the variance in the anxiety of the child, 11% of the variance in scores of separation anxiety children, 8% of the variance in scores of social anxiety children, 12% of the variance in grade school phobia and finally, about 21% of the variance in anxiety scores for children's physical shape can explain.mothers with their styles of impairment accepted highest averages in acceptance and lowest averages in over indulgence.
Altogether, these results have theoretical and practical implications in the field of child psychopathology it was