نشریه راهبرد توسعه
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 22، تابستان 1389)

Spreading globalization and rapid developments in global sphere, the regional competitiveness found greater importance in accelerating to regional development. One of the outcomes of globalization is emerging the strong regional economies which their gross domestic products are higher than the GDP of most of the states. Accordingly some of experts firmly believe that these regions encourage the national economy more than the states. In response to this doctrine from the 1990s the concept of regional competitiveness has been changed into dominant issue in pubic political circles of developed and some developing countries. Resorting to this concept these countries try to reach to the clear policies to encourage regional development. Bearing this in mind the author tries to find the answer of some basic questions to facilitate the justification and description of some theoretical and conceptual developments and the sphere and dimension of regional competitiveness. This article contains the history of emerging the concept of regional competitiveness and the theoretical and descriptive models and the principal elements of the concept.

Today most of the developing countries in spite of undesirable domestic conditions and economic problems, are attempting to reach to constant and stable economic growth. While a stable economic growth requires to accumulating productive sources, it can help to productivity and efficiency of those resources. This article is discussing influential factors on economic growth of OIC's members. Using panel data regression, fixed effect and random effect and OLS method, the role of two variables of foreign investment and value in industry sector have been evaluated by four models. The findings show that the variables like human capital, trade freedom and foreign direct investment have positive and valid coefficient but the inflation variable has negative but valid coefficient. The results have coincidence with macro-economic theory completely.

This article is discussing the selected economic variables among some Islamic countries which could be a rival for Iran in 2025. These countries are turkey, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Syria, Kazakhstan and Pakistan. This study refers to the period of 2000 to 2008 and predicts the situation of selected variable in 2025. The main question of the research is that “can Iran with the current economic situation reach to the aims of Vision Plan in 2025 which is reaching to the first economic place among all Middle East countries in all variables?” To answer this question three macro economic variables in a nine year period has been studied. These variables are: gross domestic products per capita, inflation and the volume of exports. The findings of the research show that in all three variables Iran is not in a desirable situation and if it goes on like that Iran cannot reach to the purposes of Vision Plan. According to the Iranian and other countries economic functions during nine years we can claim that it is more probable that in 2025 countries like Saudi Arabia and turkey reach to the top rank of economy in the region instead of Iran.

According to Importance of the role of regulatory and guidance of the governments, to access continuous and stable economic growth, it reveals each day more and more in the policy making and scientific academic. The purpose in this study is the analysis of relationship between governance indicators, competitiveness and economic growth. Therefore, we use some of economic data for 101 countries that are divided in three groups, developed, newly industrialized and developing countries, for during 1996 to 2006. The Results represent the countries with better regulatory institutions and quality of governance, absorb more foreign direct investment, and guide more recourses and facilities of the country to increasing of Research and Development expenditures (R&D), and according to creating proportion between money supply growth rate and the rate of economic growth to controlling inflation to some extend, and also, proportionate with economic space, transfer the costs of accessing to production factors such as real interest rate and exchange rate to markets mechanism. Finally, the findings show that increasing of competitiveness power in this space, and we will see developing of competitive environment in the international and domestic space. And then, the more appropriate performances of governance between countries causes to increase high technology exports to total export of goods and services ratio, and manufacturing value added to total value added ratio too, and increase shares of these countries from international production and global exports and imports.

After the oil crisis in the 1970’s decade and severely oil price increasing, the developed countries concentrated on the demand management policies of energy, particularly in oil demand. But on the opposition, in the developing countries that have immense oil reservoir, the per capita oil products consumptions always have increasing trend. On the other hand, for the abundant institutional problem in these countries, the use of only price policies for the demand control, always have been doubtful. Thus, this research has tried with the use of unbalanced panel data, to survey the income and price elasticities of oil products in ten elected OPEC countries that consist of Algeria, Ecuador, United Arab Emirates, Indonesia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Kuwait, Nigeria, Venezuela, and function of price policies in the demand management in the 1982-2007 intervals. Results indicate that price variations have no significant effect on the consumption of these products. But per capita income variations can have significant effect on the oil products in these countries. So the use of non-price demand management approaches beside the price approaches can examine as the better policy instrument.

World trade development, rapid changes in consumption and demand, revolution in information technology, and increasing in quantity and quality of local and international rivals in the last two decades have caused the term " competitiveness " to be of special importance. Hence, in this article we have explained the main and fundamental contexts of "competitiveness," effective components in "competitiveness," the relationship between economical development and competitiveness in economics, as well as competitiveness and exports. In addition, enumerating the three dimensions of development and economical prosperity of a country, we have discussed the cases of competitiveness and integration in the areas of industrial policies from perfect indigenous viewpoint.

Iranian society is an Islamic one which is expected that Islam presents as a conducting behavior to individuals and managing the society in all social and economic aspects of social life. Research creates knowledge and applying knowledge in practice, results in development. Accordingly, entering the issues, values and Islamic teachings in economic doctrines is possible through attempts in research in economic sphere with regard to Islamic approach in other words Islamic economy. This article is to study the challenges of research system in Iranian economy through the descriptive method and using the data of a survey from 46 Islamic economy researches questionnaire. The findings of the survey show that these experts necessitate the development of quantitative and qualitative research in Islamic economy. They evaluate the current situation as undesirable and necessitate the implementation of suitable actions to support researches in Islamic economy. Finally the author recommends some methods to improve the scientific and research activities in this regards.

Iran has experienced fast growing in urban population recently. Massive numbers of people have been migrating to cities and town across Iran. According to the first public census of population in 1335, 31 percent of population was located in urban areas, and nowadays it increased to 68 percent. This immigration of rural people to urban areas has caused main increase in energy consumption. Refer to the statistics; the average annual energy consumption in Iran is 155 million tone in terms of crude oil that it means Iran is 13th energy consumption in the world. This paper develops a function of energy consumption, population growth, economic growth and urbanization process. Besides, This study provides empirical evidence for urbanization and energy consumption for Iran over the period 1350-1385 through the use of ARDL testing approach. the results show there is a strong relationship between energy consumption and urbanization level in the long run in Iran. Also the Granger causality test shows there is causality running from urbanization to total energy consumption both in long run and in the short run.

Management is in the transition stage of the organizational Paradigm from modern to post modern. Many of the companies in transition moving from traditional management to participatory management. In this context, one of the most important organizational capabilities that can create sustainable organizational advantage for one organization compared to other organizations is social capital. in other words, this capital is able to lead organizations form traditional form to learning organization. Social capital is Intangible assets that can be highly effective in economic cultural and social development of a society. There fore, the aim of this article is to show that it is possible to create learning organization cultural characteristics with the help of valuable social capital. that is, to make organizational capable staff, the strengthening of institutional entrepreneurship, and increase workers creativity. in addition, with the help of social capital to develop the knowledge management process and convert organization in to learning organization. Through this, the social capital compacts will be internalized. If all organizations move in this way, it will lead to improved economic performance.

Today foresight is one of the instruments which contribute policy makers to design viewpoints and making mid-term and long-term decisions. The definition of foresight is imagining the desirable and possible futures according to consensus of private sectors, governmental and academic institutes and trying to implement this kind of future. Using the results and knowledge of foresight for decision and policy making is one of the benefits of that method. The policies which have been adopted through foresight may reach to their goals more possibly because they have more support from the people and society. To do a successful foresight, we should understand the trend of formation and development of foresight science and grasp exactly the foresight methods. Foresight first created in Japan based on merging three sciences of policymaking, planning and futures studies. It's been using lots of methods in foresight such as Delphi, brain storming, expert's panel, and scenarios. This article is to discuss formation foresight knowledge and the main methods of that.

Ethic is a subject, which has been discussed since ancient Greece. One of the books of Aristotle entitled Ethic is teaching as a classic text in relevant courses. Economy before foundation of economics has been categorized under the morality also it has continued Again after the foundation of economics by Adam smith. Gradually by defining the human as economic human and dominance of positivism and applying the mathematics, it has separated from morality and in the first half of twenty century full separation occurred. In the second half of twenty century as the result of extravagance in individualism the opposite attitude among economists has been created. The development issue is one of these matters in twenty century. The first generation of economists viewed the development mechanically and evaluated it through growth and as the result the ignored the problems of growth of immorality which poverty and inequality and environmental damages are the product of it. This trend caused to review the development theories and introduce the ethic of development. In This article these trends has been discussing through analytical and explanation methods by documentary study.

One of the main developments in Iranian foreign policy after the revolution is the Eastward policy of the ninth government. The eastward policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the strategic policies, which its goal is to balance the political and economic interactions between west countries from the one hand and the south East Asian countries according to their potential capabilities on the other hand. Although the Eastward policy adopted after the Islamic revolution but it has been pursuing formally by the ninth government. This is because of the Iran nuclear issue and the west threats on Iran. Accordingly the first action of the ninth government in foreign policy was the resistance against threats of hegemonic system of the west and specially the United States. Iranian nuclear issue is one of the important problems, which the ninth government emphasizes on it. One of the strategies of foreign policy of the ninth government was to multiply the choices of Islamic republic foreign policy. The ninth government does not believe in limiting the foreign relations of the state to some European countries but it wants to enhance its relations and applies all capabilities to interact with the foreign countries like Latin American countries, Russia and china. This article studies the potentialities of Asian countries against western states in Iranian Eastward policy.