نشریه زبان و زبان شناسی
پیاپی 16 (پاییز و زمستان 1391)

The adjuncts of an adjective are part of its dependents which are not involved in its valency. Such adjuncts therefore are different from the complements of that adjective. In this paper we are dealing with these differences based on Dependency Grammar. We refer then to two different kinds of adjective adjuncts، i. e. general adjuncts and specific ones، and define all their possible distributions in different adjective phrases.

Harmonic serialism (HS) was first mentioned by Prince and Smolensky (1993)، but it was not pursued and was rejected in favor of the standard OT. HS was reopened by McCarthy (2000). In standard OT، GEN can make many changes at once when it produces a candidate. In HS، GEN is limited to making just one change at a time. HS’s candidate sets are less diverse than standard OT’s. In HS the path to optimality is longer and more gradual. The optimal candidate chosen by EVAL is the input to another pass through GEN، which generates a set of candidates that go to EVAL، and so on. By applying HS theory to Azarbayjan Turkish، we can see why making the specified change in each step is better than doing nothing at all and also we can follow steps of derivations from input to optimal output easily.

This paper deals with the evolution of scientific register of Persian and the policies taken in developing terminology of chemistry and chemical engineering. Some of common morphological and vocabulary characteristics of the languages most widely used in scientific discourse are considered as the required characteristics of a well-equipped scientific register; These characteristics include high capacity of terminologization، corpus standardization، structural and elemental comparability of terms and precision. In order to evaluate the extent of realization of these characteristics، word-formation processes used in terminology of these fields are studied and it is concluded that derivation، compounding and meaning specification are commonly used word formation processes. Blending and acronym are rarely used and some deficiencies in scientific register are attributed to this issue. It is discussed that characteristics of a well-equipped language were partly realized in Persian scientific register and suggestions are given to enhance the aforementioned characteristics in Persian scientific terminology.

Boirahmadi is one of the so called Southwestern Iranian dialects and together with Bakhtiyari and Lorestani constitute the Lori dialects. This dialect has interesting structures for definiteness. This paper deals with definiteness in this dialect، and its counterpart in other Lori dialects، as well as some Iranian dialects of Zagros group which share some definiteness structures. The data for this study was collected by the author، in the summer of 2008، from the town of Mârgūn and its surrounding villages in Kohgiluye and Boirahmad state. In Boirahmadi dialect، definiteness is marked by stressed suffixes: –kū and –ū; a combination of demonstrative adjective ī ‘this’ and ū ‘that’ with stressed suffixes: –vo، –yo، and –ho; and stressed suffix –ī for some definite adverb of time.

The present research tries to illustrate the quality of children''s cognitive–linguistic skills. It also evaluates their linguistic productions cognitively، with respect to the normal ordering in their texts. To do so، the Van Dijk''s approach about organization of texts has been considered. This research has been done in a descriptive- analytic method. The results show that the students use the normal ordering of Van Dijk’s approach in their narratives. In addition، the most and the least normal ordering parameters، used by the students، are “including-included” and “large-small” respectively. High frequency and low frequency usage of these parameters have cognitive explanations.

The present research aims to investigate the role of speakers’ gender، age، educational status، socio-economic status and formality level of context in expressing future in their speech. The linguistic variable targeted was expression of future time. Speakers were found to use nine morpho-syntactic variants to express future، including: Present progressive، simple present، KHA: H (AD) + verb، MIKHA: (M) + verb، ELTEZAMI present، DARI: (M) + verb، GHARARE + ELTEZAMI present، Simple past and DAR (AM) MIR (AM) + verb. Results indicated that present progressive was the most frequent form of expressing future (over sixty-four percent). The frequency of occurrence and percentage of use of the other eight variants were also estimated and reported in each social group in the natural، every day speech of Persian speakers.

One of the issues that the researchers of Azari language do not agree on، is the number of the consonants. The range of variation is from 20 to 24 consonants. The problematic segments in those analyses are: [Ρ]، [γ]، [ɟ] and []. Taking into consideration both predictability and universal tendencies، we believe that Azari has 21 consonants in which [γ] and [Ρ] are the allophones of velar plosive //; /ɟ/ is another phoneme with incomplete distribution which appears only in the onset، and finally [] is an allophone of the affricate /δζ/ in the coda.