فصلنامه اعتیاد پژوهی
پیاپی 22 (تابستان 1391)

The purpose of the present study was to compare of the rate of alexithymia and spiritual intelligence in addicts، addicts under Methadone Treatment، and non-Addicts. A causal-comparative research design was used. The study sample included 30 individuals under Methadone Treatment، 30 drug-dependent Addicted، and 30 non-addicted individuals selected by convenience sampling procedure. Toronto alexithymia scale and King''s spiritual intelligence self-report inventory were administered among selected sample. Findings revealed significant differences among addicted individuals and non-addicted adults also among individuals under methadone treatment and non-addicted adults in total alexithymia scores as well as on all three subscale scores. Furthermore، addicted individuals differed from those under methadone treatment in their scores on the subscale pertaining to difficulty in identifying feelings. Results also indicated differences among addicted individuals and those under methadone treatment in total spiritual intelligence and its four component scale scores، while addicted individuals differed from non-addicted individuals in total spiritual intelligence scores and only three of its component scale scores (personal meaning production، transcendental awareness، and conscious state expansion). Findings of this study indicate the advantages of the ability to control، emotional regulation and spiritual intelligence as a defense against addiction. By development of these characteristics addicts can be helped to gain relief from their addiction.

This study was aimed to compare of the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy and methadone maintenance therapy on changing beliefs toward substance abuse among addicted people. The research method was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with witness group. 30 addicted people who were referred to the addiction treatment centers selected by available sampling، and they randomly assigned to three groups namely: cognitive-behavioral therapy، methadone maintenance therapy and witness groups. Substance abuse beliefs questionnaire was administered among all participants before and after intervention. Results showed that in both experimental groups، beliefs toward drug was reduced significantly in comparison with witness group. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be changed on cognitive mediator variables، like beliefs toward substance; therefore، it can reduce the risk of relapse. However، the programs of treatment of substance abuse should be targeted this type of intermediate variables.

The present paper investigated the factors contributing to addiction withdrawal so as to it would be possible to set preventive and rehabilitative programs for addicts. The study was ex-post facto and causal-comparative one. Population included all addicts referred to addiction withdrawal centers of Kahnouj city and the sample was selected of addicts of Yaran addiction withdrawal Center by voluntary sampling. Bar-on emotional intelligence inventory، family boundary questionnaire and demographic information were administered among selected sample. The results showed that normal family boundaries، higher emotional intelligence and opium use in comparison of crack and crystal glass are effective on addiction withdrawal. But disengaged family boundaries، crack and crystal glass use can be led to addiction recursion. Age، addiction duration، marital status، and education level are not effective on addiction withdrawal. Altogether، the results represented the role and importance of variables namely: family، emotional intelligence، and the kind of used material in addiction withdrawal.

Substance dependents encounter with many problems which cause confusion in their quality of life. This survey is a descriptive-analytical study. In this survey 150 persons of substance dependents who refer to addiction recovery centers at Rasht were selected by available sampling method. Information was collected via mental health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and quality of life questionnaire of World Health Organization. Findings showed a significant relation between quality of life and mental health of substance dependents. Also results of simultaneous regression showed that many components of quality of life were correlated to mental health components. Mental health domain of quality of life showed significant correlation with 3 domains namely: anxiety، social dysfunction and depression. Also physical health domain of quality of life showed significant correlation with somatization domain of mental health. It could be possible to increase mental health of substance dependents by improving of quality of life، in accordance to survey findings.

The aim of current research was the study of relationship between commitment to school، attitude toward narcotics، and drug abuse among high school third grade students. The research method was correlational design. 200 males and females students in grade three of high school were selected randomly by use of cluster sampling method in the educational year of 1389-90. Three questionnaires namely: hazardous behaviors، attitude toward narcotics، and commitment to school were administered among selected sample. The results showed that positive attitudes toward narcotics and lack of commitment to school were correlated to students’ drug abuse positively. Designing student-centered programs in order to change in students'' knowledge and attitudes must be taken into account by program-designers for preventing of drug abuse.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on increasing of self efficacy and improving of addiction symptoms among drug dependency patients. For this purpose، 90 substance abusers were selected of private addiction center، Central Prison and drop in center by using of random sampling، and they were divided into two experimental (45 subjects) and witness groups (45 subjects) randomly. The members of experimental group were under 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy by Carol method، and control group only have taken Methadone and other physical drugs. All participants at the beginning of research، during the study (after three months) and three months after treatment completed self-efficacy questionnaire and Maudsley addiction profile (Map) by a psychologist were assessed. The symptoms of addiction recovery and addiction treatment process. Analysis of covariance indicated the treatment effectiveness and its maintenance on increasing of efficacy and reducing of the symptoms of Maudsley addiction profile. Cognitive behavior therapy is effective to increase self-efficacy and improve symptoms in substance abusers.