فصلنامه اعتیاد پژوهی
پیاپی 25 (بهار 1392)

Narcotics and consequences of their consumers is one of the basic challenges of modern societies. Since family and parenting styles have an important impact on children's psycho social development, the present study investigated the effects of typology of family parenting on drug tendency in adolescent. To do so, a sample of 375 male students was selected of Borujen public high school students in 1389-1390 academic years by multistage cluster random sampling. Sheffer Parenting styles questionnaire and investigator made questionnaire of tendency to drug were completed by selected sample. Typology of family parenting styles was extracted by combining parental and maternal parenting styles. Because of low frequency of some kind of parenting styles, only 6 parenting styles were entered in the analysis and adolescents’ anxiety and depression were compared in various styles by running of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Scheffe Follow up test. Analysis of data demonstrated that adolescents achieve the most positive outcomes and the least tendency to drugs, when both of parents are authoritative. Also, the greatest tendency has been seen in adolescents with two indulgent parents or at least one indulgent parent These findings indicate the importance of parental control on adolescent's attitudes to drug.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Matrix model in relapse prevention and enhancement of coping skills in participants with opiate substance dependency. In a semi-experimental study, 23 participants with diagnosis of opiate dependency who successfully detoxified, selected by cluster random sampling and they were divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 32 sessions of Matrix model training and the control group did not receive any treatment. All subjects were assessed by alcohol abuse coping response inventory (AACRI) and Morphine test before treatment, randomly during treatment, after treatment, and after 3-months follow up stage. The results showed that experimental and control groups had a significant differed in relapse rates. In addition, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) showed a significant difference between two groups in coping skills enhancement at periods of post test and follow up. With consideration of the results of the present study indicated that matrix model is effective in relapse prevention and coping skills enhancement in people with opiate substance dependency.

The aim of the present study was to compare the coping strategies, perfectionism (positive and negative) and self-efficacy in individuals with substance use disorder and normal individuals In this casual-comparative study, 200 persons (100 individuals with substance use disorder and 100 normal individuals) were selected by cluster random sampling. The groups were matched with consideration of demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status and education) and they completed the Lazarus and Folkman coping strategies inventory (1984), Terry-Short perfectionism scale (1995) and Schwartz and Jerusalem general self-efficacy questionnaire (1981). Findings of the study showed that the two groups had significant differences on subscales of coping strategies namely: avoidance, self-control, responsibility, avoidance-escape and problem solving. In addition, substance abuse group had also lower scores on the positive perfectionism in comparison of normal group. A significant difference on the level of self-efficacy was observed between the two groups, in this regard, self-efficacy in normal group was more than substance abuse group. The selection of improper coping style, unrealistic and excessive expectations about the abilities and low levels of self-efficacy are factors that can lead to more substance abuse and finally addiction.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the training of problem-solving and decision-making skills on the reduction of addicts’ positive attitudes to narcotics The design of this study was experimental design namely: pre and post test with control group. The population included all addicts referring to Sanandaj self-report centers (500 addicts). By random sampling, 60 addicts were selected and completed the attitude questionnaire to narcotics use. Each of experimental groups was under problem-solving and decision-making skills training for ten 90 minute sessions. No training given to control group. After training, two experimental groups significantly had lower levels of positive attitude to narcotics use. No difference was observed between two experimental groups. The results of this study indicated that the training of problem-solving and decision-making skills can reduce the addicts’ positive attitudes to narcotics.

This study compared the personality profiles of inmate anonymous and non-anonymous male addicts. The participants of study were anonymous and non-anonymous male addicts of the prisons of the Hamadan province in 1391. The population was 3130 addicts, including 627 anonymous and 2503 non-anonymous addicts. The 310 addicts were selected by stratified random sampling; the sample size was determined by Cochran formula.The short-form NEO Five Factor personality questionnaire administered among selected sample. Data analyzed by descriptive statistic as frequency and percentage, also, inferential statistic as multivariate analysis of variance was run. The results showed that personality profiles of anonymous and non-anonymous addicts were significantly different. That is, mean score of neuroticism in anonymous addicts was less than non anonymous. Also, mean score of extraversion was higher in anonymous addicts. It can be concluded that the anonymous male addicts are differ with non-anonymous male addicts in personality traits.

The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of Risperidone and Fluoxetine in combination with impulse control group therapy on improving of impulsivity, and relapse in heroin crack addicts under methadone maintenance therapy. In a semi-experimental study, 39 heroin crack addicts who were under Methadone maintenance treatment selected of addiction withdrawal centers in Tehran. The selected sample was randomly assigned to three groups. First group was under (Risperidone 1 mg daily, impulse control group therapy for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, and methadone maintenance treatment), the second group was under (Fluoxetine 20 mg daily, impulse control group therapy for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, and methadone maintenance therapy), and the third group was under (impulse control group therapy for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, and methadone maintenance therapy). All participants completed the Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS-11) before and immediately after the end of intervention and follow up. Also, Morphine and stimulating drugs in urine were analyzed. The results showed that total impulsivity scores was decreased in post-test but not in follow up. That is, impulsivity decreased in both experimental groups. Results also showed that relapse rate was not significantly differed The combination of Fluoxetine with Methadone maintenance therapy and impulse control group therapy, was the most effective treatment on reduction of impulsivity, but not on relapse rate, in heroin crack abusers, in the short term.

The purpose of this study was the study of relationship between religious attitudes, locus of control and tendency to substance abuse among students of Guilan University. The research design was correlational design. For this purpose, 340 university students of Guilan University selected through Morgan table by cluster randome sampling. Allport religious orientation, Ratter locus of control and addiction potential scale administered among selected sample. The results showed significant relationship between religious attitude, locus of control and tendency to substance abuse. That is religious attitude, locus of control entered in regression model as significant predictors. Also there was significant relationship between religious attitude, and locus of control. Altogheder, results showed that people with internal religious attitude have internal locus of control and lower tendency to substance abuse. Also, people with external religious attitude have external locus of control and higher tendency to substance abuse. According to the results, we can conclude that religious attitude and locus of control play important role on tendency to substance abuse.